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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion > Premolars > Flashcards

Premolars Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

How many premolar are there per quadrant?

A

2

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2
Q

How many premolars are there in total?

A

8

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3
Q

What is an alternative name for premolars?

A

Bicuspids

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4
Q

How many cusps do premolars have?

A

2

one buccal, one lingual; mandibular 2nd can have 2 lingual

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5
Q

Which cusp in a premolar is larger?

A

Buccal cusp

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6
Q

How many lobes are found in premolars?

A

4 lobes

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7
Q

What ridges are found in premolars?

A

Cusp ridge
transverse ridge
Marginal ridge

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8
Q

How many grooves are seen in premolars?

A

3 (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, central)

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9
Q

What shape is the crown of premolars?

A

Pentagonal (from buccal)

Trapezoidal (from proximal)

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10
Q

The ___ contacts of premolars are GENERALLY higher than the ___ contacts.

A

Mesial (near junction of occlusal and middle thirds)

Distal (more cervical in middle third)

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11
Q

Which proximal contacts are GENERALLY higher in premolars?

A

Mesial

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12
Q

Which premolar is the exception to the proximal contact general trait?

A

Mandibular 1st premolar (mesial contact is more cervical /same level as distal contact)

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13
Q

In the mandibular 1st premolar, the mesial proximal contact is ___ compared to the distal proximal contact.

A

More cervical / same level

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14
Q

In the maxillary 1st premolar, the mesial proximal contact is ___ compared to the distal proximal contact.

A

More occlusal (higher)

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15
Q

All premolar crowns taper towards the ___ from the contact area.

A

Lingual

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16
Q

What is the function of the buccal and lingual contours of premolars?

A

Deflect food away from gingival margin (self-cleaning mechanism)

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17
Q

Where is the buccal height of contour for premolars?

A

Cervical 1/3

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18
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour for premolars?

A

Middle 1/3

Occlusal 1/3 in mandibular 1st

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19
Q

The lingual cusp tip of all premolars is ___ to midroot axis.

A

Mesial

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20
Q

Generally, the ___ marginal ridge of premolars is more occlusal than the ___ marginal ridge. Why?

A

Mesial, distal
Crown tapers from mesial to distal

Exception: mandibular 1st premolar (distal more occlusal)

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21
Q

The distal marginal ridge is more occlusal for the ___ premolar.

A

Mandibular first

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22
Q

For all premolars, The apical third of roots bends ___ more often than ___.

A

Distally, mesially

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23
Q

For all premolars, cervical lines curve ___ on facial / lingual surfaces and curve ___ on proximal surfaces.

A

Apically, occlusally

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24
Q

The ___ cervical line is more convex than the ___ for all premolars.

A

Mesial, distal

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25
Do the anteriors or premolars have a taller crown?
Anteriors
26
Do anteriors or premolars have more curvature of cervical line on mesial and distal?
Anteriors
27
Do anteriors or premolars have broader contact areas?
Premolars
28
Do anteriors or premolars have contact areas more nearly at the same level?
Premolars
29
Are anteriors or premolars wider bucco-lingually than mesio-distally?
Premolars
30
Crowns and roots are shorter for maxillary canines or maxillary first premolars?
Maxillary first premolars
31
Maxillary first premolars have ___ crowns and ___ roots compared to maxillary molars.
Longer, same length
32
For maxillary first premolars, the tip of the buccal cusp is ___ to midline.
Mesial
33
For the maxillary first premolar, which cusp tip is more mesial?
Lingual cusp tip (buccal is shifted distally, exception)
34
For the maxillary first premolar, which cusp is taller?
Buccal
35
The mesio-lingual developmental groove is a feature of which tooth?
Mandibular 1st premolar
36
Describe the marginal ridge of a mandibular first premolar
Sloped at 45 degree angle on mesial view | Mesial marginal ridge is more cervical, distal ridge is more occlusal
37
For mandibular first premolar, the buccal HOC is ___ and lingual HOC is ___.
Gingival 1/3 | Middle to occlusal 1/3
38
Maxillary 2nd premolar buccal cusp is ___ compared to the maxillary 1st.
Shorter, rounder, less pointed
39
The single lingual cusp form of the mandibular 2nd premolar is most common. T/F
False, the 2 lingual cusp form is most common
40
Compare the buccal cusp tip locations relative to long axis of the mandibular premolars
The buccal cusp tip of the mandibular 1st premolar is centered over the root/long axis, while the buccal cusp tip of the mandibular 2nd premolar is not center (more buccal)
41
What occlusal patterns can be seen for mandibular second premolars?
HUY Y: 3 cusps H/U: 2 cusps
42
The 1st and 2nd ___ premolars are similar, while the ___ are dissimilar.
Maxillary | Mandibular
43
What are the main differences between the maxillary and mandibular premolars?
Maxillary: - -equal cusp height - -1st and 2nd similar, but 1st is larger - -1 prominent lingual cusp - -Crown wider B-L Mandibular: - -Buccal cusp is taller - -1st and 2nd dissimilar, 2nd is larger - -More than one lingual cusp (less prominent) - -equal B-L and M-D (square)
44
The mesial marginal ridge developmental groove is a feature of which tooth?
Maxillary first premolar
45
Which premolar has a buccal cusp tip distal to the mid root axis?
Maxillary first premolar
46
For premolars, which cusp ridge of the lingual cusp is shorter?
Mesial cusp ridge
47
Which way does the lingual cusp of premolars swing?
Mesial
48
Which triangular ridge of premolars is slightly larger?
Buccal/facial
49
The triangular ridges meet ___ in relation to the midpoint of the occlusal surface.
Lingual
50
Proximal contacts are ___ to the center buccolingually.
Buccal
51
For both arches, does the first or the second premolar have a shorter lingual cusp?
First premolars
52
The first premolar of the ___ arch is larger than the second. The second premolar of the ___ arch is larger than the first.
Maxillary | Mandibular
53
Which premolar has a longer mesial cusp ridge for the buccal cusp than distal cusp ridge?
Maxillary first premolar
54
Features that distinguish a maxillary first premolar
- -Buccal cusp tip located more distal to mid root axis - -Mesial cusp ridge of buccal cusp is longer than distal ridge - -Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove - -Mesial crown concavity (developmental depression) - -Bifurcated root - -Longest crown of maxillary posterior teeth From maxillary second - -Lingual cusp shorter than buccal (almost equal in 2nd) - -Taller, pointier buccal cusp - -Longer central groove (M/D pits are closer to MRs) - -Thinner MRs, less supplemental grooves, buccal line angles are sharpest in the mouth
55
Which tooth has the longest crown of the maxillary posterior teeth?
Maxillary first premolar
56
Which premolar has a mesial crown concavity (developmental depression)?
Maxillary first premolar
57
Does the maxillary first or second premolar have a longer central groove? Why?
Maxillary first premolar, the mesial and distal pits are closer to the marginal ridges
58
Which premolar has two bifurcated roots?
Maxillary first premolar
59
A 3 cusp mandibular second premolar has a tranverse ridge. T/F
False
60
Which premolar is most likely to be congenitally missing?
Mandibular second premolar
61
Which premolar is most likely to have a central pit?
Mandibular second premolar
62
A 2 cusp mandibular second premolar develops from ___ lobes and a 3 cusp develops from ___ lobes.
4, 5
63
Key features to distinguish a mandibular second premolar
- -Can have 3 cusp (no transverse ridge in that case) - -HUY occlusal anatomy - -Lingual divergence (tapers buccally, if 2 lingual cusps) - -Premolar most likely to have 1 root 1 canal - -Mesial root surface doesn't have mid root depression (only premolar root surface to not) From mandibular first premolar - -Horizontal mesial MR (mand. first slopes at 45 degrees) - -Mesial contact more occlusal
64
Which premolar is most likely to have 1 root and 1 canal?
Mandibular second premolar
65
The root surface of which premolar is the only premolar root surface without a mid root depression?
Mesial root surface of mandibular second premolar
66
The apex of the root of which tooth is close to the mental foramen? What can happen due to this?
Mandibular second premolar, can be mistaken for periapical pathology
67
Which premolar has the narrowest and smallest root?
Mandibular first premolar
68
Key features to distinguish mandibular first premolar
- -Mesial contact more cervical than distal contact - -Mesiolingual groove (separates MMR from lingual cusp) - -MMR at different angle than DMR (45 degree slope towards lingual) - -MMR more cervical than DMR - -Most prominent transverse ridge From mandibular second premolar --Buccal profile visible from lingual view
69
Which tooth has a mesial marginal ridge that slopes at a different angle than the distal marginal ridge?
Mandibular first premolar | MMR slopes at 45 degree angle down towards lingual
70
The central groove of mandibular premolars in centered to mid root axis. T/F
False, the central groove is offset to lingual, due to buccal TRs being long and lingual TRs being short
71
Which premolar has the most prominent transverse ridge?
Mandibular first premolar
72
Which teeth have the steepest triangular ridge slopes?
Maxillary premolars
73
Differences between maxillary and mandibular premolars
Maxillary - -More similar - -1st premolar larger - -More prominent lingual cusp - -Wider buccolingually (fatter) - -Steeper triangular ridges - -More prominent buccal ridge Mandibular - -Dissimilar - -2nd premolar larger - -Square - -Crown tilts to lingual
74
In a mandibular second premolar with 3 cusps, order the cusps by size.
Buccal > ML > DL

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion (4 decks)

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