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Pediatrics > Prenatal development > Flashcards

Prenatal development Flashcards

1
Q

Most major organ development occurs during which period?

A

Embryonic period

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2
Q

When does human development begin?

A

fertilization

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3
Q

Where does fertilization, or conception, occur?

A

Fallopian tube or uterine tube

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4
Q

What is the role of the stem cell?

A

form each of the cell types contained in the human body

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5
Q

Where does implantation occur, and when does it begin?

A
  • Occurs in the uterine wall

- Begins 6 days after fertilization

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6
Q

What is the role of the placenta?

A
  • Interface between maternal and embryonic circulatory system
  • Delivers medication, hormones, oxygen, and nutrients to fetus
  • Produces hormones and maintains body temp above mother’s
  • Prevents embryo’s and mom’s blood from mixing
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7
Q

Which three layers are formed by the epiblast?

A
  • ectoderm
  • endoderm
  • mesoderm
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8
Q

Ectoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

A
  1. brain
  2. spinal cord
  3. nerves
  4. skin
  5. nails
  6. hair
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9
Q

Endoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

A
  1. Lining of respiratory system
  2. Digestive tract
  3. liver
  4. pancreas
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10
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to which organ systems?

A
  1. heart
  2. kidneys
  3. bones
  4. cartilage
  5. muscles
  6. blood cells
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11
Q

What are the three sections of the brain formed by 3 weeks?

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
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12
Q

Tubular Heart is formed by what age of the fetus?

A

3-4 weeks

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13
Q

Which is the first body system to achieve a functional state?

A

Circulatory system

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14
Q

What is the role of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

A

Provides protection embryo from injury

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15
Q

At what age are the cerebral hemispheres formed?

A

5 weeks 2 days

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16
Q

At what age is cartilage forming?

A

5.5 weeks

17
Q

At what age do reflexive movements occur, and why is this important?

A
  • Reflexive movements occur at 6 weeks and 6 days

- Necessary for normal neuromuscular development

18
Q

At how many weeks is the diaphragm formed?

A

6 weeks

19
Q

Brain waves are detectable as early as?

A

6 weeks 2 days

20
Q

Ossification occurs where first?

A

Clavicle and upper and lower jaw

21
Q

Startle response occurs as early as?

A

7 weeks 3 days

22
Q

At how many weeks is coordination beginning development within a zero-gravity environment?

A

8 weeks

23
Q

How many distinct anatomic structures are present at the end of the embryonic period?

A

4000 distinct anatomic structures

24
Q

More than __ of the structures found in adults are present by the end of the embryonic period.

A

90%

25
Q

The fetal period occurs from __ weeks until birth.

A

9

26
Q

Light touch to the feet results in what?

A

Bend hip and knee and may curl toes

27
Q

What process is occurring in most bones by 10 weeks?

A

Ossification

28
Q

Response to ________ throughout most of the body (except top of head and back) is present at 12 weeks

A

light touch

29
Q

Rooting reflex present at _____ to assist with feeding.

A

12 weeks

30
Q

Sense of fetal movements call quickening occurs at how many weeks?

A

Between 14 and 18 weeks

31
Q

What is the purpose of vernix?

A

Protects the skin from the irritating effects of anionic fluid

32
Q

What is the “age of viability”? Why?

A
  • 21-22 weeks

- survival outside the womb becomes possible for some fetuses due to the lungs ability to breath

33
Q

Blink-startle response is present at what age?

A

24 weeks

34
Q

Exposure to loud noises can result in what changes in the postnatal period?

A
  • Adversely effects fetal health
  • Prolonged increased heart rate
  • Excessive fetal swallowing
  • Abrupt behavior changes
  • Hearing loss
35
Q

Pupils respond to light at what age?

A

27 weeks

36
Q

Somersaults in zero-gravity environment are occurring at what age?

A

6 months 3 weeks

37
Q

Complex and coordinated movement patterns are frequently occurring, followed by periods of rest at what fetal age?

A

7 months 2 weeks

38
Q

How is labor induced?

A

Release of large amounts of estrogen

Pediatrics (19 decks)

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