Prenatal/Newborn Flashcards by Angie Van Ness

In late pregnancy __________ is,
~Primarily made up of fetal urine & lung fluid
~Fluid will increase in volume
~Then decreases slowly by the 40th Week

AMNIOTIC FLUID

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~The inner membrane surrounding the fetus
~Where the fetus floats
~Protects the embryo from organisms that might infect
the Mother’s cervix
~Important for hormone production
~Plays a role in the onset of labor

AMNION

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Expelled when baby is delivered

PLACENTA

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What supplies food to and carries wastes away from

the fetus?

The Woman’s Blood

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The naval, or the site where the umbilical cord is

joined to the fetus

UMBILICUS

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Substance that protects the cord

Wharton’s Jelly

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The unborn offspring in the post embryonic period
(7-8 weeks after fertilization), which develops in the
uterus. This period lasts from the beginning of
week 9-birth

FETUS

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How is gestation/pregnancy divided?

Three–3 month periods or

3 Trimesters

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Connects the fetal blood vessels contained in the villi
of the placenta to those in the fetal body. Consists of
2 arteries and one large vein twisted around
each other

UMBILICAL CORD

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What is the total length of Gestation?

~40 Weeks
~10 Lunar Months
~9 Calendar Months

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The now implanted Morula is called an ________?

EMBRYO

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An organ joining woman and fetus during pregnancy
~Rich Blood Supply
~Carries away waste for excretion by the Mother
~Supplies food and oxygen
~Slows maternal immune response so the fetal tissue
is not rejected
~Produces hormones that help maintain the
pregnancy

PLACENTA

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The fertilized ovum/zygote is the?

Beginning of potential Human Development

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What determines the basic embryonic structure?

GENES

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Is carried down the fallopian tubes and into the uterus;
the uterus has prepared, as it’s lining becomes rich
with nutrients

MORULA

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Cell that results from the fusion of two mature germ
cells. Is the beginning of potential individual human
development and divides rapidly until it forms a ball of
about 16 identical cells

ZYGOTE

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Fluid filled sac that surrounds the Fetus?

AMNION

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The critical stage of pregnancy. All the organs and
structures of the human are formed (conception-8th
week). This time is vulnerable due to potentially
harmful influences that could cause congenital defects,
birth defects, and effect the development of the fetus

EMBRYO STAGE

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The Zygote is now called _______ after dividing rapidly?

MORULA

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~Embryo is .75 cm to 1cm in length
~Foundations for the nervous system, GI system, skin,
bones, and lungs are formed
~Buds of arms and legs begin to form

4 WEEKS

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~Embryo is 2.5cm in length and weigh 4g
~Embryo is markedly bent
~Head is large in size owing to brain development
~Sex differentiation begins
~Centers of the bone ossify
~Heart pulsates

8 WEEKS

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3 factors that can cause defects?

~Congenital Defects (defective gene)
~Environmental Factors (tobacco, alcohol)
~Medications (effect development)

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What are the most common congenital birth defects?

~Heart Defects
~Cleft lip/palate
~Down Syndrome
~Spina Bifida

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What is a defective gene responsible for?

Congenital Defects

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What is the "head to toe principle"?

Growth and development follow a predictable pattern, | literally from "head to toe"

~Provides protection (cushions the fetus from injury) ~Regulates temperature ~Allows for movement by the fetus (allows normal musculoskeletal development)

Amniotic Fluid

Mucous layer of the uterus, which forms the maternal portion of the placenta during pregnancy (lining of the uterus)

ENDOMETRIUM

Passageways for the ova between the ovaries and the | uterus.

FALLOPIAN TUBES (oviduct)

The union of two cells the ovum and sperm. Usually occurs 2 weeks after a woman's last normal menstrual period, and when the ovum is in the outer third of the fallopian tube.

FERTILIZATION/CONCEPTION

Male cell/Y Chromosome

SPERM

Female cell/X Chromosome

OVUM

Before birth

PRENATAL

The branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy | and birth

OBSTETRICS

A pregnant woman

GRAVIDA

Pregnancy is also called?

ANTEPARTUM

How long is a trimester?

3 MONTHS

Begins on the first day of the woman's last period and | ends on the last day of week 13

FIRST TRIMESTER

Includes weeks 14-27

SECOND TRIMESTER

Begins at week 28 and extends until the pregnancy is expected to end/40 weeks

THIRD TRIMESTER

The period of time that occurs from the moment of conception (sperm fertilizes egg) until the birth of the newborn. It's 40 weeks long.

GESTATION

A new organism that has implanted in the first stage of development (conception-about 8th week)

EMBRYO

CEPHALOCAUDAL

Means growth and development follows a predictable | "head to tail" pattern before and after birth

``` ~Fetus is 7cm-9cm long and weighs 28g ~Fingers/Toes are distinct ~Placenta is complete ~Fetal circulation is complete ~Organ systems are complete ```

12 WEEKS

``` ~Fetus is 10cm-17cm long and weighs 55g-120g ~Sex is differentiated ~Rudimentary Kidneys secrete urine ~Heartbeat is present ~Nasal septum and palate closes ```

16 WEEKS

~Fetus is 25cm long and weighs 223g ~Lanugo convers entire body ~Fetal movements are felt by Mom ~Heart sounds are perceptible by auscultation ~First point where fetus is considered viable

20 WEEKS

~Fetus is 28cm-36cm long and weighs 680g ~Skin appears wrinkled ~Vernix Caseosa appears ~Eyebrows/fingernail develop

24 WEEKS

``` ~Fetus is 35cm long and weighs 1,200g ~Skin is red ~Pupillary membrane disappears from eyes ~Fetus has excellent chance of survival ~Eyes open/close ```

28 WEEKS

``` ~Fetus is 38cm-43cm long and weighs 1,500-2,500g ~Fetus is viable ~Eyelids open ~Fingerprints are set ~Vigorous fetal movements occur ```

32 WEEKS

~Fetus is 42cm-49cm long and weighs 1,900-2,700g ~Face/body have a loose wrinkled appearance (subcutaneous fat deposit) ~Lanugo starts to disappear ~Amniotic Fluid decreases

36 WEEKS

~Fetus is 48cm-52cm long and weighs 3,000g ~Skin is smooth ~Eyes are uniformly slate colored ~Bones of skull are ossified/nearly together at sutures

40 WEEKS

When is a fetus viable?

A viable fetus of less than 24 weeks is UNUSUAL and will need significant healthcare resources for maintenance of life.

When is the Critical Phase of Human Development?

The first 8 weeks of pregnancy (all major systems of | the embryo develop during this time)

A change is body size and structure

GROWTH

A change in function

DEVELOPMENT

________ and ______ occurs in an orderly sequence : a person must accomplish a simple developmental task before attempting another

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

"Head to Tail" (baby lifts it's head up before sitting up)

CEPHALOCAUDAL

CEPHALO

HEAD

CAUDAL

TAIL

"Center to outside" (babies roll over before grasping | small items)

PROXIMODISTAL

PROXIMO

CENTER

DISTAL

OUT/OUTSIDE (furthest form an origin of the part)

Growth and Development progresses from _____ to _____

Simple to more complex

Who/What is involved/influence an infant's growth and development?

~Involves the entire child and family ~Culture, ethnicity, and religion can influence the process ~It is inclusive and holistic ~Genetic factors inherited from the parents

All aspects of growth and development are influenced by each other (child cannot control bowel movements (developmental) until the muscles are mature enough (growth) this is called?

INTERDEPENDENT

A human being in the first 4 weeks of life

NEWBORN

A newborn in the first 28 days of life

NEONATE

The babies reactions to both _____ and ________ help the child to grow and develop physically, socially, intellectually, and emotionally

Internal and External Stimuli

What is the caregiver's main focus on of a newborn?

Safety and the babies ability to thrive

What are the characteristics of a newborn?

~Weight ranges from 5.5-9.5lbs (healthy) ~Average weight is 7.5lbs, girls tend to weigh less ~Length varies from 18-22in, boys tend to be longer ~Head is large (avg 13-14in) ~Chest is a little smaller (10-22in) ~Lanugo may be seen on the face, shoulders, back ~Typically sleep 17 hrs a day, but awaken easliy ~Cry when hungry or uncomfortable ~Can see shades of light and darkness ~Can hear at birth ~Touch is well developed ~Taste and smell are less well known

"Soft spots" that are formed at the junctions of the individual skull bones. Do not fuse completely before birth to allow for passage through the birth canal

FONTANEL

Thin fine downy hair that covers the body of the fetus

LANUGO

What is it called when they accomplish skills and abilities in predictable patterns and within general age-specific timeframes

ORDERLY SEQUENCE

When stroked on the lip or cheek, the newborn reacts by turning the head toward the direction of the stimulus

ROOTING REFLEX

Newborn tightly grasps finger or other object placed into his/her hand

PALMER GRASP REFLEX

Sudden noises or jarring movements cause the newborn | to throw out the arms and to draw up the legs

MORO'S/STARTLE REFLEX

When the newborn is lying on the back and turns the head to one side, the leg and arm of that side extend, and those of the opposite side flex

TONIC NECK REFLEX

Hold the newborn's foot and stroke up the lateral edge and across the ball of the foot. The big toe fans out and hyper extends in a positive response

BABINSKI REFLEX

The newborn steps with one foot and then the other, when held upright with the feet touching a surface

STEPPING REFLEX

As the newborn grasps the nipple with the lips, sucking should be automatic

SUCKING REFLEX

Existing at birth (may be genetic/inherited or acquired

CONGENITAL

What are some Caregiver tips?

~Ensure the newborn's safety and ability to thrive ~Need to be able to recognize each child's unique natural abilities ~The challenge of parenting is to help children develop in such a way that they maintain their eagerness to learn ~Understanding normal patterns for growth and developments are important; that way you are more apt to catch a delay in learning or abnormal behavior quickly

Prenatal/Newborn Flashcards

(81 cards)