prep Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

What is an ischemic stroke?

A

Stroke caused by a blood clot obstructing a cerebral artery.

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2
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Stroke caused by bleeding into the brain, often from a ruptured vessel or aneurysm.

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3
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack, stroke symptoms that resolve within 24 hours without permanent damage.

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4
Q

Key sign of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

“Worst headache of my life”, sudden onset, vomiting, LOC changes.

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5
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

Shock caused by fluid or blood loss.

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6
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

Shock caused by heart pump failure, often post-AMI.

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7
Q

What is obstructive shock?

A

Shock caused by mechanical obstruction of heart or great vessels (e.g., tamponade, tension pneumo, PE).

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8
Q

What is distributive shock?

A

Shock caused by widespread vasodilation (e.g., sepsis, neurogenic, anaphylaxis).

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9
Q

What are signs of compensated shock?

A

Tachycardia, cool skin, delayed cap refill, normal BP.

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10
Q

What are signs of decompensated shock?

A

Hypotension, altered mental status, weak pulses.

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11
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Fluid in pericardial sac compressing the heart, causing obstructive shock.

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12
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade?

A

Beck’s triad: JVD, muffled heart sounds, hypotension.

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13
Q

What is an AAA?

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm; life-threatening aortic rupture risk.

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14
Q

Signs of ruptured AAA?

A

Tearing abdominal/back pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass.

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15
Q

What is AMI?

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction, heart muscle death from blocked coronary artery.

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16
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Chest pain due to temporary heart ischemia, relieved by rest or nitro.

17
Q

What are signs of meningitis?

A

Fever, stiff neck, AMS, photophobia, vomiting.

18
Q

What are signs of TB?

A

Chronic cough, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis.

19
Q

What is preeclampsia?

A

HTN, edema, and proteinuria in pregnancy.

20
Q

What is eclampsia?

A

Preeclampsia with seizures.

21
Q

What is abruptio placentae?

A

Premature separation of the placenta, causing painful bleeding.

22
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

Placenta covers cervix, causing painless bleeding in 3rd trimester.

23
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fertilized egg implants outside uterus, usually in fallopian tube.

24
Q

Signs of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, missed period, shock.

25
What is sepsis?
Life-threatening organ dysfunction from a systemic infection.
26
Signs of sepsis?
Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, AMS, warm or cold skin depending on stage.
27
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Air trapped in pleural space causing lung collapse and pressure on heart.
28
What is an open pneumothorax?
Chest wall penetration allowing air into pleural space (sucking chest wound).
29
How do you treat an open pneumothorax?
Occlusive dressing taped on 3 sides.