Prep Guide Questions Flashcards
1
Q
China is
A
the greenest country in the world
2
Q
the air quality in many places in china is so bad that solar energy production is reduced from
A
11 to 15%
3
Q
china continues to
A
build coal-fired electricity-generation plants
4
Q
Yvon Choudinard describes Patagonia as
A
an experiment to challenge conventional wisdom and present a new style of responsible business
5
Q
When Yvon and Malinda Chouinard founded Patagonia in 1972, they wanted to do business
on their terms which included
A
making products of high quality manufactured in the most responsible way and allowing employees enough flexibility to enjoy the outdoors or be at home when their
children became ill
6
Q
In the 1980s, patagonia’s catalog attracted many because
A
included photos of majestic nature scenery as the backdrop to outdoor acitivites and city workers craved challenges in the wild
7
Q
with regards to philanthropy, patagonia has helped found
A
the 1% for planet and the Conservation Alliance in 1989
8
Q
an important contributor to patagonias financial setback in 1991 was
A
growing too fast
9
Q
the footprint chronicles manifests patagonia’s spirit of total disclosure. The firm has found that it benefits in pursuing transparency because
A
when a firm shares, it learns and employees commit to the values of the firm
10
Q
Conservation is embraced by
A
REI and teddy Roosevelt
11
Q
When a shared resource is degraded or consumed for short term gain by those sharing the resource, rather than the managing the resource for long-term benefit of all
A
a commons dilemma occurs
12
Q
grazing lands are an example of
A
common goods
13
Q
movie theaters and satellite television are examples of
A
club goods
14
Q
national defense is an example of
A
public goods
15
Q
with regards to greenhouse emissions from 1990 to 2017, emissions from Sweden have
A
decreased
16
Q
one way the US government is pursuing public-sector entrepreneurship is through
A
demonstrating the viability of the carbon capture and storage
17
Q
food, clothes, autos, and ipads are examples of
A
private goods
18
Q
movie theaters, private parks, satellite TV are examples of
A
club goods
19
Q
grazing lands, forests, irrigation waters, fisheries are examples of
A
common goods
20
Q
Aire, broadcast TV, national defense are examples of
A
public goods
21
Q
Patagonia’s most significant accomplishment to date might be
A
winning over business leaders of firms that will never join 1% for the Planet to recognize that
industry and ecology are inherently connected
22
Q
In it’s pursuit of sustainability, Wal-Mart’s leaders
A
saw any waste as meaning a process could be made more efficient, pressed suppliers to pursue SBPs and pushed on developing the “index” that would present sustainability ratings on products in its stores
23
Q
When Neiman Enterprises, Inc. of Hulett, Wyoming decided to pursue sustainability
certification, the leader of the firm decided to
A
take 10 years for the process of gaining such certification
24
Q
Yvon Choidinard readily identified himself as a businessman in his book let my people go surfing
A
False
25
patagonia has never been able to donate more than 1% of its profits to environmental groups
false
26
Patagonia’s founder Yvon Chouinard
reflected on his experience in business to date and concluded that he should focus more tightly
on earning profits with his firm and allow others to do the environmental work that he loved to
do.
false
27
Peer companies for Patagonia include firms like Clif Bar and New Belgium
Brewing Company that are part of the more than 1,200 member-firms of One Percent for the
Planet.
true
28
After opening a store in Boston, workers complained of headaches. After
investigating, Patagonia discovered that the ventilation system in the building was to blame
false
29
After becoming broadly transparent about the manufacturing and sourcing of
its products, Patagonia received universal applause instead of being “filleted” by critics
true
30
The Kyoto Protocol, signed by 192 countries in 1997, did not set binding
limits for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions
false
31
in june 2017, Trump announced the US would withdraw from the agreement in Nove,ber 2020
true
32
The US Supreme Court ruled against Massachusetts when it sued the US
government’s Environmental Protection Agency for not regulating carbon emissions
false
33
According to Yvon Chouinard, if Wal-Mart does 1 % of what it says it will
8
do regarding sustainable business practices, it will be incredible
false
34
The carbon footprint concept has been the most important development in
recent years for the environmental movement.
true
35
A standardized approach still needs to be refined for measuring a product’s
carbon footprint
true
36
in 2005, Walmarts CEO changed course and said it would pursue and ____________ orientation
environmental
37
By 2009, Walmart's CEO had appeared twice before congress asking for limits on ________________ gas ________________
greenhouse emissions
38
____________________ is a foundational concept of environmental stewardship, which is embraced by companies like REI
conservation
39
today, _____________ of the atmosphere's ability to regulate our climate is emerging as an important issue
conservation
40
National governments continue to debate what can be done while the provincial government
of ____________ ____________has enacted a carbon tax in order to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions that are harmful of the atmosphere
British Columbia
41
Despite the challenges Wal-Mart has encountered in developing The Index, a non-profit
GoodGuide appears to be making inroads on offering credible ____________ ratings for
products on three dimensions: 1) health, 2) the environment, and 3) society (labor and human
rights)
sustainability
42
For every _______ a car drives, it emits about one pound of carbon dioxide
mile
43
The average ___________ in the US is responsible for the emission of 118 pounds of
carbon dioxide each day
person
44
Wal-Mart announced its plans to develop a worldwide sustainable product _______ that
would establish a single source of data for evaluating the sustainability of its products
index
45
Despite early skepticism that Wal-Mart’s interest in sustainable business practices was just a
passing fad or ____________ (deceptively performing some green activities in order to continue
with environmentally harmful business practices), Wal-Mart continued to focus on integrating
sustainable business practices into its operations.
greenwashing
46
To bring firms to a common approach for measuring the ________ __________of their
products, the International Standards Organization (ISO) issued guidance in ISO 14064-1 in
Spring 2006, companies around the world are using it and the related GHG (greenhouse gas)
Protocol to calculate emissions consistently
carbon footprints
47
Neiman Enterprises, a forest-products company based in Northeast Wyoming, took 10 years to
obtain certification from the Sustainable Forest Institute because Neiman wanted his employees to
understand the value of adopting ___________ ____________ _____________rather than have
them imposed upon them by his decision. operations
sustainable business practices
48
Controversy continues to haunt the forest products industry. Currently, there are _____
certifications for sustainable forestry
two
49
Jim Neiman’s story illustrates some of the complexity and controversy that comes with
working in an industry so deeply involved with the environment. Integrating _________
___________ ____________ into his firm took time and still requires hundreds of thousands of
dollars each year to maintain. Neiman consults regularly with foresters, and serves on four land-
use planning boards at the local, Black Hills, regional and national levels
SBPs
50
In 1830s 90% of the money took the form of
cash
51
the primary reason cities such as New York, Paris and London have adopted bike-sharing
programs is to
reduce traffic congestion
52
blockchain is
a distributed ledger system for use on the internet
53
bitcoins are issued according to a predictable schedule on average every
10 minutes
54
Mia Birk...
was an admitted “couch potato” and began bicycle commuting after moving to Washington,
DC to pursue a masters’ degree
55
During her time as Portland’s bike program manager, Mia Birk had to do each of the
following EXCEPT
spend her own money to fund promotional spots for bicycle awareness on local television
programming
56
spend her own money to fund promotional spots for bicycle awareness on local television
programming
relieves congestion, reduces air pollution, and reduces obesity for individuals
57
Each of the following is a stage of entrepreneurship EXCEPT
converting
(1. searching, 2. planning 3. Marshaling, 4. Implementing
58
Mia Birk’s story illustrates important aspects of taking an entrepreneurial orientation for each
of the following reasons EXCEPT
she funded her own start-up organization to promote bicycle awareness
59
When the entrepreneur grows and sustains the business past its infancy, the entrepreneur
would be in the
implementing phase
60
When the entrepreneur converts an idea into a workable business plan, the entrepreneur
would be in the
planning phase
61
Consumers have begun to notice changes in business ops at
NASCAR, McDonalds, Tom's
62
in research of consumers’ perceptions of product ethicality, in categories such as shampoo,
tires, and liquid hand-sanitizer
sustainability is a liability for product choice when strength is especially valued
63
Benefits from using Nature’s principles for businesses include each of the following
EXCEPT
pursuing sustainability results in using materials that will be regulated in the future
64
Consumer attitudes have been changing toward the environment and communities because
of
the idea of endless growth being re-thought after the 2008 Economic Crisis, new media programming that is environmentally-oriented, new protocols for how to better the environment and communities that have been issued by
NGOs
65
NGO protocols that offer guidance on how to better the natural environment and
communities include each of the following EXCEPT
Planet Green
66
The first stage on the pathway to integrating sustainable business practices is
compliance with the law
67
Clean Tech means refers to any product, service, or process that delivers its value by
using limited or zero non-renewable resources and creating much less waste than conventional offerings
68
Each of the following are market imperfections that offer sustainable entrepreneurs the
chance to create profit-making solutions EXCEPT
the failure of the green commodity discourse
69
In the text, the example of an entrepreneurial venture addressing an externality was
floating islands
70
In the text, the example of an entrepreneurial venture addressing a flawed pricing
mechanism was
TerraPass and Carbon offsets
71
Mia Birk is one of the most high-profile leaders of the bicycle and pedestrian
movement as President and Co-Owner of Alta Planning + Design based in Portland, Oregon.
True
72
Mia Birk’s first job out of grad school was researching international
transportation issues. She studied growing Asian and Latin American cities where massive
investment was poured into road building. The results of such investment included thick
congestion, horrific air quality, as well as health and safety problems.
true
73
Once Mia Birk moved to Portland, Oregon she discovered that federal
legislation had been passed that included funding for bike trails, bike lanes and sidewalks.
false
74
New York’s bike-sharing program predates such programs in London and
Paris
false
75
Although it has made substantial gains in becoming bicycle friendly, Portland
has never been able to actually top the list of Bicycling magazine’s “America’s Top 50 Bike-
Friendly Cities”
false
76
Entrepreneurs are those who provide a new product or service. Entrepreneurs
are also those who develop and use new ways to produce or deliver existing goods and services
at lower cost
true
77
Converting is one of the stages of entrepreneurship
false
78
The planning phase involves assembling resources to bring the venture into
existence
false - the marshalling phase
79
The searching phase of entrepreneurship involves the development by the
entrepreneur of a unique idea and/or identification of a special opportunity.
true
80
NASCAR is an example of a firm that resists minimizing its negative impact
on the natural environment
false
81
The idea of endless economic growth is now being re-thought after the
economic meltdown of 2008
true
82
Market perfections have contributed to environmental degradation
false
83
A carbon offset is a certificate representing the reduction of one metric ton of
carbon dioxide emissions, the principal cause of global warming.
true
84
Both TerraPass and Energy Aware emerged out of MBA courses.
true
85
The International Standards Organization based in Switzerland offers an ISO ______
certification program for environmental management similar to the quality standards in
manufacturing, such as ISO 9000
14001
86
he three main sectors of clean tech include transportation, water and _________.
energy
87
Regarding the “planet” dimension of sustainable entrepreneurship, macromarketing’s critical
school and the developmental school address a crucial question of whether growth-oriented
entrepreneurial firms can be _______ for the environment
good
88
___________ ____________ is the process through which individuals and teams create value
by focusing on the well-being of the natural environment and communities in the pursuit of
opportunities
sustainable entrepreneurship
89
nstitutions, such as the ___ and _____, have proposed goals, standards, and approaches to
better the environment and communities.
UN and NGOs
90
Segmentation studies on US consumers in recent years have identified a _________ segment
that is the most interested in green products and services
LOHAS (lifestyle of health and sustainability)
91
Research suggests that __________ is a “costly signal” associated with status. In other
words, in addition to signaling that a person is prosocial (doing things for others), it can
demonstrate both one has the resources (time, energy, money, relationships, or other) and the
ability to incur the costs of self-sacrifice for public welfare.
altruism
92
A ______-__-______ approach to turn waste for firms into food for other entities is at the
core of architect William McDonough’s emphasis on reusing and recycling to be more
environmentally effective
cradle to cradle
93
Patagonia’s Common Threads program is focused on ___________
recycling
94
Any product, service, or process that delivers value using limited or zero nonrenewable
resources and/or creates significantly less waste than conventional offerings can be classified as
clean tech
95
Driving toward ______________ is the second stage for firms moving beyond compliance
on the pathway to a more sustainable business
efficiencies
96
Four types of market ___________ hold opportunities for entrepreneurs to create profit-
making solutions for environmental problems.
imperfections (Inefficient systems, externalities, flawed pricing mechanisms, imperfectly distributed info)
97
Syngenta
Lead the EU to impose a moratorium on GMO
98
The four Asian Tigers include
Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea
99
for country development, one variable called a "silver bullet"
has not been identified
100
preconditions for markets heterogeneous include each of the following EXCEPT
a financial system of any kind
101
Charles C. Slater
became a leader in macromarketing
102
Which of the following is a primary generalization that macromarketing scholarship offers
about aggregate marketing systems?
aggregate marketing systems are highly complex and are heterogenous
103
Generalizations about aggregate marketing systems include the following EXCEPT
conversion
104
An uncalculated cost or benefit of exchange would be
an externality
105
In the Middle East and North Africa, a woman working outside the home
is a signal that her male kin cannot provide sufficiently for her
106
Urbanization of the world’s countries is predicted to
continue its rise through 2050
107
A finding about geography and climate is that
temperate regions of the world are undeniably more developed than the tropical countries
108
The portions of the labor force in the agriculture, industry and service sectors,
are within 10 % of each other in China
109
After the 2007 national elections in Kenya
about 1,200 people died in civil unrest
110
A condition promoting entrepreneurship in a country includes establishing
the rule of law and respect for property rights
111
In terms of what is needed for the smooth running of markets, most developing countries
lack
institutional and physical infrastructure
112
Macro factors of developing country contexts include each of the following EXCEPT
sustainability
113
Emerging giants of the developing world include each of the following EXCEPT:
VAZ of Russia
114
As the son of a railroad heir, Charles C. Slater missed experiencing many of
the deprivations of the Great Depression when growing up.
false
115
ince “The Four Asian Tigers” achieved success in country development,
other countries have followed the same path and have achieved similar records of growth and
prosperity
false
116
The aggregate marketing system is the collection of all marketing systems in
society
true
117
Social consequences of marketplace transactions include only those effects
that are known to those actively involved in marketplace exchanges.
false
118
Cheap labor is used to export agricultural commodities
true
119
Globalization has reshaped the developing world for good since 1950
true
120
The countries called “The Four Tigers of Asia” achieved their economic
development despite high tax rates and high inflation
false
121
In terms of quality of life, developing countries still have not really made
meaningful gains
false
122
Geography and climate is a macro factor of developing country contexts
true
123
Progress-prone and progress-resistant cultures have a similar worldview
regarding wealth.
false
124
In the Middle East and North Africa, life expectancy has increased from 46 to
74 years from 1960 to 2018. Much of this can be attributed to a reduction in infant mortality.
true
125
Researchers have still found no relationship between the strength of a
country’s economy and proneness to civil war
false
126
Corruption can take two forms – 1) petty, and 2) grand.
true
127
MNEs expect to find 70 % of their future growth in Emerging Markets
true
128
In evaluating possible acquisitions in emerging markets, Heinz looks at
several of the same aspects of businesses as in developed countries, such as operating metrics of
the business, recent and forecasted growth, as well as how the business fits with Heinz’s core
business.
true
129
In emerging markets, corner stores and open-air markets comprise a majority
of food retailing
true
130
The World Bank (2010) classifies 210 countries based on gross national income (GNI) per
capita. The low-income and ________ -________countries are sometimes referred to as
developing countries
middle-income
131
Once considered like a foreboding swamp for modern multinational enterprises (MNEs),
29
________ _________ now appear to offer some of the best prospects for economic growth in the
coming years
developing markets
132
Institutions of society are featured in the final dimension of developing countries as they are
proposed to be _____ infrastructure
soft
133
Before his death in 2010, University of Michigan business professor C. K. Prahalad called
the developed world’s businesses to wake up to the ___________ they could obtain by marketing
to the very poorest consumers in countries, such as India.
fortune
134
For poor nations to catch up over a long-period spanning decades would require at least a
___ % growth rate each year. Since 1975, only 11 countries that are not rich have grown this
fast
3%
135
macromarketing researchers have identified five preconditions for markets that make markets
heterogeneous; among others, a _______ system to establish and protect property rights, contract
rights, and choice
legal
136
macromarketing researchers have identified five preconditions for markets that make markets
heterogeneous; among others, a physical ______________ to facilitate transportation and
communication
infrastructure
137
macromarketing researchers have identified five preconditions for markets that make markets
heterogeneous, among others, a regard for social aspects of ______________ (such as
environmental protection, food safety, and cultural enhancement
marketing
138
Argentine lawyer and political essayist Mariano Grondona has proposed a framework to
explain the differences between what he terms progress-______ cultures and progress-______
cultures
progress prone and progress resistant
139
Currently in_______, the largest migration in human history is under way
china
140
None of the 24 “industrialized” countries lies in the __________.
tropics
141
changes in latitude have a profound inhibiting effect on the diffusion of technological
_____________ to the tropics in crucial sectors for development, such as agriculture, health, and
construction
innovations
142
A free press is an important ingredient in checking ________ in a society.
corruption
143
___________ is the abuse of public power or authority for private benefit
corruption
144
Some countries might have (a) ____________ characterized as progress-resistant
culture
145
Some countries might have (d) an __________ based on agriculture or extractive industries
(such as mining or oil production
economy
146
Some countries might have (f) ______ institutions afflicted by corruption
weak
147
MNEs have taken an increased interest in ____________ markets in recent years.
emerging
148
C. K. Prahalad argued that MNEs could make money selling to the world’s _________
customers
poorest
149
farmers in Madagascar
pollinate orchards by hand and get their product inspected by government officials
150
vanilla farmers in madagascar
band together and determine the price of their vanilla
151
Nestle announced it would eliminate artificial additives used for vanilla flavoring
nothing good happened!
152
Polak found that poor people valued and cared for things they had bought, an example he
provided refers to
Free tractors that continue rusting under the African sun.
153
Paul Polak the only realistic path out of poverty is through
hrough opportunities to investing their own time and money in attractive opportunities
154
n order to grow and sell high-value, labor-intensive crops, one-acre farmers need access to
each of the following EXCEPT
government regulators
155
According to Paul Polak, myths of poverty alleviation include
the possibility of donating people out of poverty
156
According to Paul Polak, myths of poverty alleviation include
he idea that national economic growth will end poverty
157
Paul Polak’s myths of poverty eradication includeAccording to macromarketing researchers, the uneven outcomes of poverty solutions around
the world can be attributed to which of the following?
The poor are a heterogeneous group and poverty alleviation is complex
158
Over the years, types of poverty “solutions” have included
interventions, social protection services, and empowerment solutions
159
Almost all of the solutions to poverty
invariably structure an unbalanced power arrangement between donors and receivers of aid
160
Criteria for countries to be considered for having businesses funded through the US’s
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) include
ruling justly, economic freedom, and investing in people
161
in order to disburse aid, the channel the US government uses most is
the government itself
162
Structures for social enterprises include each of the following EXCEPT:
limited partnerships
163
SKS
became the largest micro lender in India
164
the hybrid forms that have a for=profit legal structure with upside protentional for social value rather than profits
some have existed for decades and include stakeholder firms in the form of cooperatives
165
California added Social Purpose Corporation to
support social purpose government initiatives
166
An analog to the L3C would be what Yunus call
social business -a nonloss
167
Some of the most exciting accomplishments of social entrepreneurs in recent years have
come from
enabling poor people to function more effectively in the marketplace.
168
National economic growth will never end poverty” is a myth of poverty
alleviation.
false
169
Macromarketing researchers have categorized fifty solutions to poverty.
true
170
Rising from poverty might require accessing many institutions that function
with varying degrees of effectiveness or corruption, such as governments, schools, international
development agencies, and businesses.
true
171
he Prime Minister of Bangladesh retaliated against Nobel Peace Prize-
winner Muhammad Yunus for founding a political party dedicated to eliminating corruption by
having Yunus ousted from the NGO he founded. The reason given was that Yunus was 11 years
older than the retirement age.
true
172
Foreign governments now account for more aid disbursements from the US
government than unilateral organizations, US businesses, US NGOs, foreign NGOs and other
channels now
false
173
Flexible Purpose Corporation that allows organizational purposes such as
promoting or minimizing effects on stakeholders was implemented in Germany in 2011
false
174
As a teenager in Hamilton, Ontario, Paul Polak became a successful
strawberry farmer.
true
175
Paul Polak’s approach with poor people living in rural areas is to have long
conversations with them where they live and work and dream, so that he can listen to what they
have to say
true
176
Most of the rural poor earn what little money they obtain from informal
commercial activity rather than farming.
false
177
ccording to Paul Polak, one-acre farmers can earn much more if they find a
way to grow and sell the crops that other farmers near them successfully grow and sell in season.
false
178
Each of the four simple points Paul Polak has distilled about the poor deals
with business
true
179
Paul Polak’s steps to practical problem solving for any social problem all relate to the interaction of government and business
false
180
Paul Polak’s story highlights how a NGO can use a simple approach when applying business
principles to produce meaningful gains for the _____
poor
181
Surprising to some, interventions on behalf of the poor or disadvantaged might sometimes
do more _____than_____
harm than good
182
______ ____________ occurs when an entrepreneur with a social vision creates a venture
intending to result in social consequences
Social entrepreneurship
183
It appears that market-based approaches to poverty alleviation will grow in importance in the
coming years. Evidence for this can be seen in the US’ Millennium ___________
____________ new version of foreign aid that directs aid to private enterprises in qualifying
countries rather than to foreign governments
Challenge Corporation’s
184
For-profits with a _________ ___________ include co-operatives, benefit corporations,
beneficial corporations (B corps), flexible purpose corporations, and low-profit limited-liability
companies (L3C).
social overlay
185
Non-profits with _______-_________ enterprises have businesses as subsidiaries that
contribute to the budget of the non-profit, or in some cases provide surplus funds that are then re-
invested in the programs of the non-profits.
mission-related
186
A more _______________ approach is needed today to impact poverty that would include
government, NGOs, and businesses
comprehensive
187
Macromarketing researchers have listed 50 ____________ to poverty that have been pursued
since the end of World War II.
solutions
188
Outside of relief situations (after natural disaster or war) poverty alleviation efforts have
experienced spotty results as these have been applied around the world. Part of this is due to the
__________ factors that have to be considered to understand poverty in each locale.
contexual
189
Paul Polak has done extensive field research in the contexts of the poor in many Asian and
African countries. He perceives commonality across the rural poor he has interviewed—poor
farmers need more _________.
income
190
Social entrepreneurs offer many reasons to be hopeful about ________ __________efforts in
the future.
poverty alleviation
191
Because of the increasing interplay between governments, NGOs, and businesses in poverty
alleviation, new _______ forms combining aspects of for-profit and non-profit have become more
important in recent years.
hybrid
