Preparation of Nitro Compounds Flashcards by Khristine Tapado

Which of the following is used as a reactant for the
nitration of benzene to form nitrobenzene?
a) HNO2
b) HNO3
c) Mixture of HNO2 AND HNO3
d) Mixture of HNO2 and H2SO4

c) Mixture of HNO2 AND HNO3

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In Ter Meer reaction, a method of preparation of nitro
compound, which of the following used as reagent?
a) HNO2
b) HNO3
c) NaNO2
d) RX (alkyl halide)

c) NaNO2

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What will be the product if 1,1-halonitroalkane
undergoes nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction in
presence of ethanol?
a) 1,1-dinitro dimer
b) 1,2-dinitro dimer
c) 1.-nitro compound
d) 2-nitrocompound

a) 1,1-dinitro dimer

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What will be the product if 1,1-halonitroalkane
undergoes nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction in
presence of potassiam hydroxide?
a) 1,1-dinitro dimer
b) 1,2-dinitro dimer
c) 1.-nitro compound
d) 2-nitrocompound

b) 1,2-dinitro dimer

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Which of the following is not a natural occurring nitro
compound?
a) Chloramphenicol
b) 2-Nitrophenol
c) 3-Nitropropionic acid
d) nitrobenzene

d) nitrobenzene

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Which combination of reagents used in the indicated
order with benzene will give m-nitropropylbenzene?
a) 1) HNO3/H2SO4, 2) CH3CH2CH2Cl/AlCl3
b) 1) CH3CH2CH2Cl/AlCl3, 2) HNO3/H2SO4
c) 1) CH3CH2COCl/AlCl3, 2) HNO3/H2SO4, 3) H2NNH2/NaOH
d) 1) HNO3/H2SO4, 2) CH3CH2COCl/AlCl3, 3) H2NNH2/NaOH

d) 1) HNO3/H2SO4, 2) CH3CH2COCl/AlCl3, 3) H2NNH2/NaOH

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Nitration of furan using acetyl nitrate also leads to a 2,5
addition product. How can this competing process be
suppressed?
a) By using concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids instead of
acetyl nitrate
b) By carrying out the reaction at higher temperatures
c) By carrying out the nitration in the presence of pyridine
d) By using nitric acid instead of acetyl nitrate

c) By carrying out the nitration in the presence of pyridine

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The phenomenon or process by which imine are
converted into enamine is which of the following?
a) Imination
b) Enamination
c) Amination
d) Tautomerism

d) Tautomerism

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Which of the following is not true about enamines?
a) Enamine are derived by the condensation of an
aldehyde or ketone with a primary amine
b) Enamines are versatile intermediates
c) Enamines are considered to be nitrogen analogs of enols
d) They are tautomeric form of imine

a) Enamine are derived by the condensation of an

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Enamine shows which type of behavior?
a) Basic
b) Electrophilic and acidic
c) Nucleophilic and basic
d) Nucleophilic

c) Nucleophilic and basic

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What is the name of the compound formed when
alkylation of enamine is followed by hydrolysis?
a) Carboxylic acid
b) Ketone
c) Amide
d) ester

b) Ketone

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Which cyclic ketone enamine is most reactive?
a) Five membered
b) Six membered
c) Seven membered
d) Eight membered

a) Five membered

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Compounds which have different arrangements of
atoms in space while having same atoms bonded to each
other are said to have
a) position isomerism
b) functional group isomerism
c) chain isomerism
d) stereoisomerism

d) stereoisomerism

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Which of the following can make difference in optical
isomers?
a) heat
b) temperature
c) polarized light
d) pressur

c) polarized light

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Which of the following is an alkane which can exhibit
optical activity?
a) Neopentane
b) Isopentane
c) 3–Methylpentane
d) 3–Methylhexane

d) 3–Methylhexane

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What is the molecular formula for the alkane of smallest
molecular weight which possesses a stereogenic center?
a) C4H10
b) C5H12
c) C6H14
d) C7H16

d) C7H16

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Which of the following statements most accurately
describes the stereochemistry between the various
cyclohexanes?
a) Cis-1,2-dichlorocyclohexane and trans-1,2
dichlorocyclohexane rotate plane-polarized light in
opposite directions, and together in equal proportions
form a racemic mixture
b) The diaxial and diequatorial forms of trans-1,3
dichlorohexane can be separated by their differing
physical properties
c) Only cis-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane is achiral due to a
plane of symmetry, and cis-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane is
diastereomeric to trans-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane
d) The conformational isomers of trans-1,2
dichlorocyclohexane are enantiomers, which are not
interconvertible, but resolvable

d) The conformational isomers of trans-1,2
dichlorocyclohexane are enantiomers, which are not
interconvertible, but resolvable

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How many stereoisomers of 3-bromo-2-butanol,
CH3CH(OH)CHBrCH3, exist?
a) 3
b) 1
c) 2
d) 4

d) 4

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How many stereoisomers of 2,3-butanediol,
CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3, exist?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 1
d) 2

a) 3

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Which of the following compounds can exhibit
geometrical isomerism?
a) 1-Hexene
b) 2-Methyl-2-Pentene
c) 3-methyl-1-pentene
d) 2-Hexene

d) 2-Hexene

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How many number of stereoisomers possible for 2, 3
pentanediol?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

b) 4

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How many chiral stereoisomers can be drawn for
CH3CHFCHFCH(CH3)2?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

a) 4

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What is the total number of isomers, stereoisomers
included, designated by the dichlorocyclopentane?
a) 7
b) 6
c) 4
d) 5

a) 7

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What does a polarimeter measure?
a) Polarity of the substance
b) Angle of rotation of an optical active compound
c) Concentration of the substance
d) pH of the substance

b) Angle of rotation of an optical active compound

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2. A solution of 0.1 g/mL of a pure R enantiomer in a 1.0 dm (i.e., 10 cm) polarimeter rotates plane polarized light by +4.8°. What is the rotation observed on this solution in a 2 dm polarimeter? a) +2.4° b) +4.8° c) +19° d) +9.6

d) +9.6

3. Polarimeter works on the principle of which of the following? a) polarisation of light b) change of the electrical conductivity of solution with composition c) change of angle of refraction with composition d) change of electrical conductivity of solution with temperature

a) polarisation of light

4. What is the effect of the I on the specific optical rotation (α), if I gets double? a) α gets double b) α gets halved c) α gets four times d) α eight times

a) α gets double

5. If a solution of a compound (30.0 g/100 mL of solution) has a measured rotation of +15° in a 2 dm tube, what is the specific rotation? a) +50° b) +25° c) +15° d) +7.5°

b) +25°

6. Which of the following groups has the highest priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog sequence rules? a) CH3 b) CH2Cl c) CH2OH d) CHO

b) CH2Cl

7. What is the percent composition of a mixture of (S)-(+) 2-butanol, α= +13.52°, and (R)-(-)-2-butanol, α = -13.52°, with a specific rotation α = +6.76°? a) 75%(R) 25%(S) b) 25%(R) 75%(S) c) 50%(R) 50%(S) d) 67%(R) 33%(S)

b) 25%(R) 75%(S)

8. What can be said with certainty if a compound has α= 9.25°? a) The compound has the (S) configuration b) The compound has the (R) configuration c) The compound is not a meso form d) The compound possesses only one stereogenic center

c) The compound is not a meso form

9. Which of these is a comparatively insignificant factor affecting the magnitude of specific optical rotation? a) Concentration of the substance of interest b) Purity of the sample c) Temperature of the measurement d) Length of the sample tube

c) Temperature of the measurement

10. What is the specific optical rotation of (S)-malic acid at a concentration of 5.5 g/ mL in the solvent pyridine at 20°C at a wavelength of 589 nm? a) the specific rotation is –27° b) the specific rotation is +27° c) the specific rotation is –17° d) the specific rotation is +17

a) the specific rotation is –27°

1. Which of the following is the definition for enatiomerism? a) A pair of stereoisomers each of which has two chirality centres b) A pair of stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another c) A pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another d) Any pair of stereoisomers

c) A pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another

2. Which of the following statements is not true regarding pairs of enantiomers? a) They have identical boiling points b) They rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions c) They react at identical rates with chiral reagents d) They have identical melting points

b) They rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions

3. Which of the following statements regarding optical rotation is not true? a) All R enantiomers are dextrorotatory b) All (+) enantiomers are laevorotatory c) All (-) enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in a counter clockwise direction d) (+) and (-) enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions

c) All (-) enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in a counter clockwise direction

5. Which of the following notations is not used to distinguish between pairs of enantiomers? a) R and S b) E and Z c) + and – d) D and L

b) E and Z

6. Which among the following is true about enantiomerism? a) Assignments of R and S labels and (+) and (–) labels are not connected b) The labels R and S refer to different conformers c) The labels (+) and (–) are used to distinguish enantiomers d) The specific rotation of enantiomers is equal and opposite

b) The labels R and S refer to different conformers

7. Which of the following molecules does not possess enantiomers? a) CH3CH2CH2CHBrCH3 b) CH3CH2CBr2CH3 c) CH3CHBrCH2CH3 d) CHBr2CH2CHBrCH3

b) CH3CH2CBr2CH3

8. Which of the following is true of any (S)-enantiomerism? a) It rotates plane-polarized light to the right b) It rotates plane-polarized light to the left c) It is a racemic form d) It is the mirror image of the corresponding (R) enantiomer

d) It is the mirror image of the corresponding (R) enantiomer

9. Which of the following is not true of enantiomers? They have the same: a) boiling point b) melting point c) specific rotation d) density

c) specific rotation

10. In the absence of specific data, it can only be said that (R)–2–bromopentane is which of the following? a) dextrorotatory (+) b) levorotatory (–) c) optically inactive d) analogous in absolute configuration to (R)–2 chloropentane

d) analogous in absolute configuration to (R)–2 chloropentane

1. Which statement about a chiral compound A is incorrect? a) A racemate contains equal amounts of (+)-A and (–)-A b) If A is resolved, it is separated into its enantiomers c) (+)-A can also be labelled R-A, because (+) means the same as R d) (+)-A and (–)-A will rotate polarized light equally but in opposite directions

c) (+)-A can also be labelled R-A, because (+) means the same as R

2. Which of the following is the definition of chirality? a) The superimposability of an object on its mirror image b) A molecule with a mirror image c) The non-superimposability an object on its mirror image d) A molecule that has a carbon atom with four different substituents

c) The non-superimposability an object on its mirror image

1. Which of the following statements regarding enantiomers not true? a) All (+) enantiomers are levorotatory b) All (-) enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in a counterclockwise direction c) (+) and (-) enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions d) All R enantiomers are dextrorotatory

d) All R enantiomers are dextrorotatory

4. Which of the following is true of any (S)-enantiomer? a) It rotates plane-polarized light to the right b) It rotates plane-polarized light to the left c) It is a racemic form d) It is the mirror image of the corresponding (R) enantiomer

d) It is the mirror image of the corresponding (R) enantiomer

8. Which of the following molecules exists as a pair of enantiomers? a) 2-Bromopropane b) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane c) 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol d) cis-1,2-Dichlorocyclobutane

c) 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol

9. Which of the following diols exists as a pair of enantiomers? a) cis-1,3-Cyclohexanediol b) trans-1,3-Cyclohexanediol c) cis-1,4-Cyclohexanediol d) trans-1,4-Cyclohexanediol

b) trans-1,3-Cyclohexanediol

10. Which of the following is capable of existing as a pair of enantiomers? a) 2-methylpropane b) 2-methylpentane c) 3-methylpentane d) 3-methylhexane

d) 3-methylhexane

1. Which of the following is the definition of a pair of diastereomers? a) A pair of stereoisomers each of which has two chirality centers b) Any pair of stereoisomers c) A pair of stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another d) A pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of one another

c) A pair of stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another

4. Which of the following can exist as diastereomers? a) Lactic acid b) 1-Butene c) 2-Butene d) Ethane

c) 2-Butene

10. Which of the following compounds would be suitable for preparing the necessary diastereomeric salts in preparation of Naproxen? a) Quinoline b) Tartaric acid c) Malic acid d) Cinchonidine

d) Cinchonidine

1. Which of the following is the definition of a meso compound? a) A molecule with chirality centers which is chiral b) A chiral compound with more than one chirality center c) A diastereomer with no chirality centers d) A molecule with chirality centers which is not chiral View Answer

d) A molecule with chirality centers which is not chiral View Answer

2. A compound whose molecules are superimposable on their mirror images even though they contain asymmetric carbon atoms is called a) A threo compound b) A meso compound c) A unsymmetric compound d) An erythro compound

b) A meso compound

3. Which of the following compounds is a meso compound? a) (2R,3R)-dibromobutane b) (2R,3S)-dibromobutane c) (2R,3S)-3-bromo-2-butanol d) (2R,3R)-3-bromo-2-butanol

b) (2R,3S)-dibromobutane

4. Which statement is not true for a meso compound? a) The specific rotation is 0° b) There are one or more planes of symmetry c) A single molecule is identical to its mirror image d) The stereochemical labels, (R) and (S), must be identical for each stereogenic center

d) The stereochemical labels, (R) and (S), must be identical for each stereogenic center

5. Which is a meso compound? a) (2R,3R)-2,3-Dibromobutane b) (2R,3S)-2,3-Dibromopentane c) (2R,4R)-2,4-Dibromopentane d) (2R,4S)-2,4-Dibromopentane

1. Which of the following is not true about the five membered rings? a) Five membered rings are more stable than 4 membered rings b) Five membered rings are more stable than 6 membered rings c) Five membered rings are more stable than 7 membered rings d) Five membered rings are more stable than 8 membered rings

b) Five membered rings are more stable than 6 membered rings

2. Which of the following is a not a five membered ring? a) Pyridine b) Pyrrole c) Furan d) Thiophene

a) Pyridine

3. Which of the following five membered rings is most resonance stabilized? a) Furan b) Thiophene c) Pyrrole d) Pyridine

b) Thiophene

4. Five membered rings come under which category of heterocycle classification on the basis of chemical behavior? a) -excessive heterocycle b) -deficient heterocycle c) -equivalent heterocycle d) Can’t say about the five membered rings

a) -excessive heterocycle

5. What is the reactivity order in the following five membered heterocyclic compounds? a) Pyrrole b) Furan c) Thiophene d) Pyridine

a) Pyrrole

6. What is the product when thiophene reacts with Br2 in benzene? a) 2-bromothiophene b) 3-bromothiophene c) 2,5-dibromothiophene d) 3,4-dibromothiophene

c) 2,5-dibromothiophene

7. What is the product when pyrrole reacts with Br2 in ethanol? a) 2,3-dibromopyrrole b) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromopyrrole c) 2,5-dibromopyrrole d) 3,4-dibromopyrrole

b) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromopyrrole

1. Pyridine is a which type of heterocyclic compound from the following options? a) Six membered heterocyclic compound b) Seven membered heterocyclic compound c) Four membered heterocyclic compound d) Five membered heterocyclic compound

a) Six membered heterocyclic compound

2. Which element is present as hetero atom in pyridine? a) Sulphur b) Nitrogen c) Oxygen d) Sulphur and nitrogen

b) Nitroge

3. The electron of Nitrogen participating in the resonance in pyridine is present in which orbital? a) p-orbital b) sp2-orbital c) sp3-orbital d) sp -orbital

b) sp2-orbital

4. Pyridine is a not a planner compound? a) True b) False

b) False

5. How many number of resonating structure stabilises a pyridine molecule? a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7

b) 5

6. Pyridine come under which category of heterocycle classification on the basis of chemical behavior? a) -excessive heterocycle b) -deficient heterocycle c) -equivalent heterocycle d) can’t say about the five membered rings

b) -deficient heterocycle

7. What is the smallest angle in pyridine ring? a) 116.7° b) 115.0° c) 124.0° d) 118.1°

a) 116.7°

8. What is the dipole moment of the pyridine? a) Zero b) 2.2 D c) 1.17 D d) 4.3 D

b) 2.2 D

9. Which of the following is the correct range for the bond length in the pyridine molecule? a) 1.34 – 1.40 A° b) 1.24 – 1.32 A° c) 2.4 – 2.49 A° d) 1.02 – 1.17 A°

a) 1.34 – 1.40 A°

10. What is the greatest angle in pyridine ring? a) 116° b) 140° c) 124° d) 118°

c) 124°

1. Which of the following plant is the natural source of pyridine? a) Atropa belladonna b) Ocimum tenuiflorum c) Azadirachta indica d) Ficus religiose

a) Atropa belladonna

2. Why is extraction of pyridine from coal tar or as a byproduct of coal gasification ineffective? a) Less concentration of desired compound b) This method is expensive c) Reactive is rare d) Dangerous procedure

a) Less concentration of desired compound

3. Which of the following derivative of pyridine is mostly found in mycobacterium tuberculosis? a) Niacin b) Nicotinamide c) Nicotinic acid d) Strychnine

c) Nicotinic acid

4. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli produce nicotinic acid by condensation of which of the following compounds? a) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b) Amino acid c) Pyrrole d) acetylene

c) Pyrrole

5. Which of the following derivative of pyridine is mostly found in mammals? a) Nicotinamide b) Vitamin B6 c) Nicotinic acid d) Strychnine

c) Nicotinic acid

6. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli produce nicotinic acid by condensation of which of the following compounds? a) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b) Kynurenine c) Pyrrole d) Tryptophan

c) Pyrrole

8. In the synthesis of pyridine by Chichibabin synthesis, synthesis of acroloien is done which method? a) Knoevenagel Condensation b) Aldol condensation c) Dieckmann condensation d) Claisen condensation

a) Knoevenagel Condensation

9. Which of the following reagent can’t be used as the reagent in the dealkylation of alkylpyridines in the pyridine synthesis? a) Vanadium oxide b) Nickel based catalyst c) Silver or platinum-based catalyst d) Copper catalyst

d) Copper catalyst

11. Which of the following catalyst can be used in the synthesis of pyridine by Bönnemann cyclization? a) Vanadium oxide b) Nickel based catalyst c) Silver or platinum-based catalyst d) Cobalt catalyst

d) Cobalt catalyst

1. Electrophilic substitution reaction of pyridine is most effective in which of the conditions? a) In slightly acidic conditions b) In slightly basic conditions c) In neutral medium d) In vigorous conditions

d) In vigorous conditions

2. Which of the following electrophilic substitution reaction is not possible in pyridine? a) Nitration b) Sulphonation c) Bromination d) Friedel craft reaction

d) Friedel craft reaction

3. At which position of pyridine electrophilic substitution reaction is most preferred? a) First b) Second c) Third d) Forth

c) Third

1. At which position of pyridine nucleophilic substitution reaction is most preferred? a) First and third b) Second c) Third d) Second and Forth

d) Second and Forth

2. Pyridine undergoes nucleophilic substitution with NaNH2 at 100℃ to give which of the following? a) 3-aminopyridine b) 2-aminopyridine c) 3,5-diaminopyridine d) 2,5-diaminopyridine

b) 2-aminopyridin

3. Pyridine undergoes nucleophilic substitution with excess of NaNH2 at 100℃ to give which of the following? a) 3-aminopyridine b) 2,6-diaminopyridine c) 3,5-diaminopyridine d) 2,5-diaminopyridine

b) 2,6-diaminopyridine

6. Nucleophilic substitution reaction of pyridine is most effective in which of the conditions? a) In slightly acidic conditions b) In slightly basic conditions c) In neutral medium d) No specific condition requirements

d) No specific condition requirements

8. Electron-withdrawing groups inhibit the Chichibabin reaction. Which of the following statement is not true about this fact? a) they increase the basicity of the ring nitrogen b) these electron-withdrawing groups can also form complexes with sodium amide c) for single electron transfer pathway, altering the distribution of spin density of the intermediate radical anion d) they slow down the sorption on sodium amide

a) they increase the basicity of the ring nitrogen

1. What will be the product if reaction with hydrogen gas in the presence of Raney nickel takes place? a) Pyrimidine b) Piperdine c) Pyrylium salt d) Pentazine

a) Pyrimidine

2. What is name of the reaction when piperdine is converted by pyridine commercially? a) Dehydrogenation b) Hydrogenation c) Hydrogenolysis d) Transfer hydrogenation

b) Hydrogenation

3. By which of the following agent there will be incomplete reduction of pyridine? a) Na-NH2, EtOH b) H2/RaNi, 200℃ c) Na/C2H5OH d) NaBH3

a) Na-NH2, EtOH

4. When Lithiumtetrahydroborate in the presence of water reacts with pyridine, which product is formed? a) Piperidine b) 1,4-dihydropyridine c) 1,2-dihydropyridine d) 2,5-dihydropyridine

b) 1,4-dihydropyridine

5. When lithium aluminium hydride reacts with pyridine, which product is not formed? a) Piperidine b) 1,4-dihydropyridine c) 1,2-dihydropyridine d) 2,5-dihydropyridine

a) Piperidine

7. Pyridine undergoes nucleophilic substitution with phenyl lithium at 100℃ to give which of the following? a) 3-phenylpyridine b) 2-phenylpyridine c) 3,5-diphenylpyridine d) 2,5-diaphenylpyridine

b) 2-phenylpyridine

Preparation of Nitro Compounds Flashcards

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