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AP Enviro > Prerequisite Terms + Dimensional Analysis Quiz > Flashcards

Prerequisite Terms + Dimensional Analysis Quiz Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

The energy an object possesses due to its motion (K.E. = 1/2m*v2)

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2
Q

Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in an object due to its position (U=mgh).

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3
Q

Radioactive Decay

A

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.

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4
Q

Half-life

A

The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

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5
Q

Radiation

A

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles

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6
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Matter & Energy)

A

The total mass should be a constant inside a closed system that does not allow matter or energy to escape. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

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7
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of the disorder or randomness in a system

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8
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy transfers lead to increased entropy (disorder) in the system, and energy quality decreases over time

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9
Q

Organism

A

Any living individual entity that can act or function independently. Carries on the activities of life by means of organs which have separate functions but are dependent on each other

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10
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area

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12
Q

Community

A

Different populations of organisms living together in a specific area

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13
Q

Ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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14
Q

Producers/Autotrophs

A

Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

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15
Q

Consumers/Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms

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16
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

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16
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) using sunlight.

CO2 + H2O -> C6H12O6 + O2

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17
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process by which cells convert glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy (ATP)

C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

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18
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Respiration that requires oxygen, producing more energy (ATP) than anaerobic respiration.

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19
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

Respiration that does not require oxygen, producing less energy (ATP) and often leading to byproducts like lactic acid or ethanol.

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20
Q

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

A

A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

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21
Q

CO (carbon monoxide)

A

A colorless, odorless, and toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials.

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22
Q

CH4 (methane)

A

A colorless, odorless, flammable gas that is the main constituent of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas.

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23
Q

C6H12O6 (glucose)

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A

A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and a component of many carbohydrates.

24
Hg (mercury)
A heavy, silvery metal that is liquid at room temperature, known for its toxicity.
25
N2 (nitrogen gas)
A colorless, odorless gas that makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere.
26
O2 (oxygen gas)
A colorless, odorless gas that is essential for respiration in most living organisms.
27
O3 (ozone)
A molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, found in the Earth's stratosphere, and absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
28
Pb (lead)
A heavy metal that is toxic to living organisms, historically used in paints and fuels.
29
SO2 (sulfur dioxide)
A colorless gas with a pungent odor, produced by volcanic eruptions and industrial processes, and contributes to acid rain.
30
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)
A reddish-brown gas with a characteristic sharp, biting odor, a significant air pollutant, and contributes to the formation of smog
31
Adaptation
A trait or behavior that has evolved through natural selection and increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction
32
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of a gene, which can lead to variations in traits
33
Gene
A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or trait
34
Trait
A characteristic or feature of an organism, which can be influenced by genetics and environment
35
Chromosome
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains the genetic information of an organism
36
Gene Pool
The total collection of genes in a population at any one time
37
Natural Selection
The process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation
38
Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
39
Plate Tectonics
The theory explaining the movement of the Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into tectonic plates
39
Extinction
The complete disappearance of a species from Earth
40
Weathering
The breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere
41
Rocks
Naturally occurring solid aggregates of one or more minerals or mineraloids
42
Minerals
Naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and structure
43
Climate
The long-term average of weather patterns in a particular area
44
Weather
The short-term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind
45
Biomagnification
The increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain
46
Combustion
A chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat and light O2 + hydrocarbon -> CO2 + H2O
46
Bioaccumulation
The gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism
47
Food Chains
A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another
48
Food Webs
A complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem
49
Independent Variable
The variable in an experiment that is deliberately changed or manipulated by the researcher
50
Dependent Variable
The variable in an experiment that is measured and expected to change as a result of the independent variable.
51
Constants
The factors in an experiment that are kept the same across all experimental groups to ensure a fair test
52
Control Group
The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment, used as a baseline to compare results
53
Validity
The degree to which a test or experiment measures what it claims to measure
53
Accuracy
he degree to which a measurement or calculation conforms to the correct value or a standard
54
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results

AP Enviro (10 decks)

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