Preschool Development Flashcards
(53 cards)
What characterizes physical development during early childhood?
Steady growth, more proportionate body, brain development involving myelination of the corpus callosum
Some differences that occur in children ages 3-6
use more logic, maintain self control, demonstrate empathy and establish a sense of self, interest in peer relationships and “lives to play”
Myelination
is believed to facilitate the processing of complex and novel information, linking language and emotion.
What physical skills are developed in early childhood?
Skipping, hopping, running, throwing, kicking, riding a tricycle/bike, climbing, improvement in hand-eye coordination. Skills include cutting with scissors, drawing shapes, and human figures.
How do securely attached children manage their attachment needs?
Use verbal skills for communication, parental explanations for security, play to draw on internal working models of attachment.
Attachment patterns remain consistent through
age six unless disrupted by trauma.
What are the emotional characteristics of securely attached children?
Emotionally open, more positive, full range of affect. They also show better self-regulation and social relationships.
What are some qualities those with insecure attachment have?
defensive restrictions on affect, difficulities in behavioral regulation, negative attention seeking or oppositional behavior. Aggression towards peers, view of self as incompetent or not valuable.
What tasks are included in social development for children?
Learning social skills, prosocial behavior, values, play with peers, establishing friendships
What is prosocial behavior?
Learning the value of sharing, comforting, helping, controlled aggression. This is influenced by parental responses and cognitive skills development.
What is prosocial behavior supported by?
the development of cognitive skills such as role taking, exposure to rules and expecations in the family and exposure to peer group situations.
What do the interactions with peers influence for children?
They influence a child’s sense of self as a social person
Peer relationships can motivate children
to learn perspective taking, negotiation, sharing and cooperation.
What is the most common source of referral?
aggressive behavior in preschoolers
When do children begin to label other children as their friends and in group settings?
Between ages 4 and 5.
Friendships can create a
protective factor for children by creating displays of affection.
cross-cultural studies of preschoolers storytelling and play show
how much the young child has internalized his parents modeling and lessons regarding the place of the self in social relationships.
What is language inherently?
it is social because it has to be learned from other people driven by an urge to tell their story, leads to importantce of helping children construct a narrative in therapy.
By age 4 what happens to language
They have mastered the ability to tell a story using words alone
What does imaginative play rely on?
Language
What supports the development of reality testing?
-Learn to distinguish between reality and fantasy
-complicated by their struggle to learn and understand the meaning of words
A decrease in ego-centrism is influenced by
the child’s increasing interest in peer relationships.
Symbolic Communication and Play takes two primary directions
exploration of reality and especially social roles
using play for the mastery of stress and anxiety as well as for the expression of wish and fears
What is identity in play reflect?
themes and issues that are salient for the preschool child: the imitation of adult behavior, caretaking; practicing of parental, gender, and occupational roles; concerns about body damage and physical vulnerability; and mastery of danger
