Preschoolers

Question 1

Free morphemes

Answer 1

can carry morpheme can carry meaning on its own and does not require a prefix or suffix to give it meaning

Question 2

Derivational morphemes

Answer 2

Morphemes combine with a limited subgroup of free morphemes or with derivational morphemes to create a “new” word or change the meaning of a word or change the form-class of a word

Question 3

Inflectional morphemes

Answer 3

morphemes create a variant form of a word in order to signal grammatical information without changing the meanings of words.

Question 4

Under-segment

Answer 4

the child does not break the word or phrase into enough morphemes

Question 5

contextualized language

Answer 5

related to immediate context;

Question 6

Decontextualized language

Answer 6

related to objects, experiences, or ideas that are not in the immediate context. May be related to a previous experience related to the current experience.

Question 7

slow mapping

Answer 7

refining understanding and use of new words w/ repeated exposures in various contexts

Question 8

1 stage of learning a word (Dale)

Answer 8

1. No knowledge of the word

Question 9

2 stage of learning a word (Dale)

Answer 9

2. Emergent knowledge = Heard it before but doesn’t know what it means

Question 10

3 stage of learning a word (Dale)

Answer 10

3. Contextual knowledge = recognizing the word in context

Question 11

4 stage of learning a word (Dale)

Answer 11

4. Full knowledge = knows the word with or without context (extended mapping)

Question 12

What are Dale’s 4 stages of learning a word?

Answer 12

1. No knowledge of the word
2. Emergent knowledge
3. Contextual knowledge
4. Full knowledge

Question 13

Deictic

Answer 13

depend on location of a
speaker and listener; here, this, there,
that

Question 14

Interrogatives

Answer 14

words for questions:
what, where, who, which, etc

Question 15

Temporal

Answer 15

words related to order of
events; before, after, since, until

Question 16

Locational Prepositions

Answer 16

describe
spatial relations; under, next to, on

Question 17

Theory of Mind

Answer 17

The ability to understand one’s own mental or emotional state and understand how one’s actions effects other’s emotions.

Question 18

False belief

Answer 18

Something can be true but someone might believe something different (theory of mind)

Question 19

Narrative

Answer 19

Spoken or written description of a real or fictional event

Question 20

Around what age do true narratives develop?

Answer 20

about 4

Question 21

Sub-lexical Level Literacy

Answer 21

-Alphabetic Principle
-Print Concepts
-Phonological awareness
-Oral Language

Question 22

Lexical Level Literacy

Answer 22

-Decoding (phonics)
-Multisyllabic word reading

Question 23

Discourse Level Literacy

Answer 23

-Reading comprehension
-Spelling and writing
-vocabulary
-fluency

Question 24

When does Emergent Literacy take place

Answer 24

-Develops from birth and goes through kindergarten
-Before formal education in reading

Question 25

Literacy Artifacts

Answer 25

Tangible items associated with reading and writing: -Books -digital devices with written content -pencils/crayons -paper -signs -labels

Question 26

Literacy Events

Answer 26

-Interactions or activities where literacy is the focus -Helps them understand how written language works and connects to spoken language

Question 27

Literacy Knowledge

Answer 27

Refers to understanding and awareness of the various components of literacy that children acquire over time

Question 28

Emergent Literacy

Answer 28

Includes precursor skills/knowledge that are necessary for children to later develop formal reading skills

Question 29

Print Concept Knowledge

Answer 29

Conventions= organization of print Functions= carries meaning Uses= reading & writing (grocery list, signs)

Question 30

Phonological Awareness (Phonemic Awareness)

Answer 30

Sensitivity to and manipulation of units of sound

Question 31

Examples of Phonological Awareness

Answer 31

Deletion Blending Segmenting Counting Substitution

Question 32

Oral Language

Answer 32

Receptive and Expressive Language Vocabulary Knowledge

Question 33

How can adults facilitate emergent literacy skills?

Answer 33

-Point out environmental print and letters -Have various literacy opportunities available -Participate in regular shared readings -Use interactive shared book reading strategies -Sing songs, nursery rhymes, finger plays -Provide opportunities to scribble & draw

Question 34

Phonological Processes

Answer 34

Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify words while they are building speech and language skills

Question 35

What are the 3 categories of phonological processes?

Answer 35

Substitution Assimilation Syllable Structure

Question 36

Substitution

Answer 36

Substituting one sound for another to make the production of a word easier "weed"=read

Question 37

Assimilation

Answer 37

Sounds change related to one sound or syllable influencing the other sound or syllable within a word "dod"=dog

Question 38

Syllable structure

Answer 38

sound changes that result in sounds or syllables being reduced, deleted, or repeated "bah-fly" = butterfly

Question 39

Fronting (type of substitution)

Answer 39

When velar or palatal sounds like /k/ /g/ and sh are substituted with alveolar sounds like /t/ /d/ and /s/

Question 40

gliding (substitution)

Answer 40

when /r/ becomes and /w/ and /l/ becomes a /w/ or y sound

Question 41

stopping (substitution)

Answer 41

when a fricative (like /f/ or /s/) or affricate (ch,j) is substituted with a stop consonant like /p/ or /d/

Question 42

vowelization (substitution)

Answer 42

When the /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel

Question 43

Deaffrication (subsitution)

Answer 43

When an affricate like ch or j is replaced with a fricative or stop like sh or /d/

Question 44

Cluster Reduction (syllable structure)

Answer 44

When a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant

Question 45

Final consonant Deletion (syllable structure)

Answer 45

when the final consonant is a word is left off

Question 46

Epenthesis (syllable structure)

Answer 46

when a sound is added between two consonants typically the uh sound

Question 47

When do most child eliminate their use of phonological processes?

Answer 47

5-6 years of age (usually at the end of preschool and the beginning or kindergarten)

Question 48

Phrase

Answer 48

2 or more words include a subject or verb "big boy"

Question 49

Clause

Answer 49

2 or more words with a subject and verb "big boy eat"

Question 50

Sentence

Answer 50

clause that is structurally complete

Question 51

simple sentences

Answer 51

a sentence with only one clause with a subject and verb; a complete thought

Question 52

Complex sentence

Answer 52

consist of an independent clause with a dependent clause

Question 53

Compound sentences

Answer 53

two basic sentences linked together by a conjunction

Question 54

copulas

Answer 54

"linking verbs"; links subject to an adjective or noun

Question 55

Auxiliaries

Answer 55

"helping verbs" accompanies a main verb; add grammatical meaning