Prescriptions

Question 1

Linear Prescriptions

Answer 1

Shapiro, Pogo, NAL, NAL-R, DSL, MSU, Burger, CID

Question 2

List the Non-Liner Prescriptions

Answer 2

NAL-NL1, NAL-NL2, DSLm[i/o], DSL[i/o], CAMREST, CAM2, CAMEQ, FIG6, LGOB,IHAFF/contour, ScaleAdapt

Question 3

Prescriptions based on Threshold

Answer 3

NAL, NAL-R, NAL-NL1, NAL-NL2, CAMREST, CAM2, CAMEQ, FIG 6, POGO, Burger

Question 4

Prescription based on loundnes

Answer 4

IHaff/contour, ScaleAdapt, CID, Shapiro, LGOB, DSL[i/o]-curvilinear

Question 5

Prescriptions based on both thresholds and Loundness

Answer 5

MSU, DSL[i/o], DSLm[i/o]

Question 6

Prescription based on loudness normalizations (thresholds)

Answer 6

CAMREST, Fig6, DSLm[i/o], DSL[i/o]

Question 7

Prescriptions based on loudness normalizations (scaling)

Answer 7

ScaleAdapt, IHaff, LGOB

Question 8

Prescriptions based on loudness equalization

Answer 8

CAM2,CAMEQ

Question 9

Prescriptions based on intelligibility maximization

Answer 9

NAL, NAL-R, NAL-NL1, NAL-NL2

Question 10

POGO - Prescription of gain and output

Answer 10

A linear prescription based on thresholds using the half gain rule with an additional low-cut

Question 11

LGOB - Loudness growth in half octave bands

Answer 11

A non-linear prescription, based on loudness normalization. It uses a 7 point scaling method.

Question 12

IHAFF/Contour - Independent hearing aid fitting forum

Answer 12

A non-linear prescription based on loudness normalization using a scaling method

Question 13

Fig6

Answer 13

A non-linear prescription that uses data across a large number of people with similar degrees of threshold (Loudness normalization -threshold)

Question 14

CAMREST - Cambridge restoration of loudness

Answer 14

A non-linear prescription based on thresholds. It normalizes loudness - threshold. A more sophisticated version of NAL-NL1 and NAL-NL2

Question 15

CAMEQ - Cambridge Loudness Equalization

Answer 15

A non-linear prescription based on thresholds. It uses a loudness equalization formula

Question 16

CAMEQ2-HF/ CAM2 - Cambridge loudness equalization high frequency

Answer 16

A non-linear prescription that equalizes loudness using thresholds up to 10 kHz

Question 17

NAL - National acoustic laboratories of Australia

Answer 17

A linear prescription aimed to maximize speech intelligibility at the listening level preferred by the aid wearer. Based on thresholds and the half gain rule

Question 18

NAL - NL 1 & 2

Answer 18

A non-linear prescription aimed to maximize speech intelligibility based on thresholds. Takes into account dead zones

Question 19

DSL - Desired sensation level

Answer 19

A linear prescription that provides an audible comfortable signal at each frequency region. Uses REAR

Question 20

DSL[i/o]

Answer 20

Non- linear prescriptions that normalize loudness across frequencies. They are based on both loudness and thresholds.

DSL[i/o] - linear uses WDRC
DSL[i/o] - Curvilinear normalizes loudness

Question 21

DSLm[i/o] - Multistage

Answer 21

Limits at the highest levels
WDRC at mid-levels
Linear amplification below compression thresholds (optional expansion)

Question 22

NAL vs. DSL (non- linear prescriptions)

Fundamental principle

Answer 22

NAL maximizes speech intelligibility

DSL is a threshold based loudness normalization prescription, maximizing audibility

Question 23

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions)

Over all average gain

Answer 23

NAL prescribes less average gain over all

DSL prescribes higher average gain, more than is preferred by adults

Question 24

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions)

Language

Answer 24

NAL takes into account patients that speak tonal languages

DSL does not take this into account

Question 25

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) Compression

Answer 25

NAL - The compression threshold prescribed is based on speech at an overall level of 52 dB SPL DSL[i/o]- linear --prescribes a greater compression ratio than that required to normalize loudness. DSL uses low compression thresholds so that all speech can be within compression region

Question 26

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) Dead regions

Answer 26

NAL takes into account dead regions, does not amplify much in that region since the is little benefit DSL does not take dead regions into account

Question 27

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) Maximum Power Output (MPO)

Answer 27

NAL finds the LDL based on the threshold, and the point at which speech starts to clip. MPO is placed between these two levels DSL takes into account loudness summation across frequency and the crest factor of speech is specified for broadband signals

Question 28

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) User experience

Answer 28

NAL takes into account new users vs. experienced users DSL does not offer a correction for user experience

Question 29

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) Gender Differences

Answer 29

NAL takes gender into account, males get more gain than females DSL does not take gender into account

Question 30

NAL Vs. DSL (non-linear prescriptions) LDL

Answer 30

NAL does not allow patient specific information to be enter to change he LDL DSL allows the audiologist to enter patient specific loudness discomfort levels