President

Question 1

Art 87

Answer 1

Mandatory address to both the houses of the Parliament assembled.
- First session of each year
-First session after general elections

Question 2

Art 80

Answer 2

Nominate 12 members to Rajya Sabha from the field of Literature, Science, Art, and Social Service

Question 3

Art 85

Answer 3

Summon or prorogue the parliament; dissolve the Lok Sabha

Question 4

Art 108

Answer 4

summoning joint sitting of both the houses

Question 5

Art 103

Answer 5

President decides on the questions regarding the disqualification of MPs based on (binding) advice of the Election Commission

Question 6

Art 123

Answer 6

Ordinance

Question 7

Article 52

Answer 7

The President of India - There shall be a President of India.

Question 8

Article 53

Answer 8

Executive Power of the Union - The executive power of the Union is vested in the President, who exercises it either directly or through officers subordinate to him.

Question 9

Article 54

Answer 9

Election of the President - The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of States & Union Territories with legislatures.

Question 10

Article 55

Answer 10

Manner of Election of the President - The election follows a proportional representation system with a single transferable vote.

Vote Value Formula:
🔹 Value of MLA’s Vote = (Total Population of the State (as per 1971 Census) / Total Elected MLAs of the State) / 1000
🔹 Value of MP’s Vote = Total Value of Votes of all MLAs / Total Elected MPs (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha).

Question 11

Article 56

Answer 11

Term of Office of the President - The President holds office for five years but is eligible for re-election.

Question 12

Article 57

Answer 12

Eligibility for Re-election - A person who has held office as President is eligible for re-election.

Question 13

Article 58

Answer 13

Qualifications for Election as President - To be eligible, a candidate must:
✔ Be a citizen of India.
✔ Be at least 35 years old.
✔ Be qualified for election as a Lok Sabha member.

Question 14

Article 59

Answer 14

Conditions of the President’s Office - The President shall not be a member of any House of Parliament or Legislature of any State.

Question 15

Article 60

Answer 15

Oath of the President - The President takes an oath before the Chief Justice of India (or in absence, the senior-most Supreme Court judge) to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution.

Question 16

Article 61

Answer 16

Impeachment of the President - The President can be impeached for violation of the Constitution, following a process initiated in either House of Parliament.

Question 17

Article 62

Answer 17

Time of Holding Election to Fill Vacancy - If a vacancy arises, a new President must be elected within six months.

Question 18

Article 72

Answer 18

Clemency Powers of the President - The President has the power to grant:
✔ Pardon
✔ Reprieve
✔ Respite
✔ Remission
✔ Commutation
This applies to punishments under Union laws, court-martial cases, and death sentences.

Question 19

Article 74

Answer 19

Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise the President - The President exercises powers based on the advice of the Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister.

Question 20

Article 75

Answer 20

Appointment of Prime Minister and Other Ministers - The President appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers on the Prime Minister’s advice.

Question 21

Article 77

Answer 21

Conduct of Government Business - All executive actions of the Government of India are taken in the name of the President.

Question 22

Article 78

Answer 22

Duties of the Prime Minister Concerning the President - The Prime Minister must communicate all governmental decisions to the President.

Question 23

Article 85

Answer 23

Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation, and Dissolution - The President summons, prorogues, and dissolves Parliament.

Question 24

Article 86

Answer 24

President’s Address to Parliament - The President can address either House of Parliament.

Question 25

Article 87

Answer 25

Special Address by the President - The President addresses both Houses at the beginning of each year’s first session.

Question 26

Article 111

Answer 26

Assent to Bills - The President can: ✔ Give assent ✔ Withhold assent ✔ Return the bill (except Money Bills) for reconsideration.

Question 27

Article 112

Answer 27

Annual Financial Statement (Budget) - The President lays the Union Budget before Parliament.

Question 28

Article 123

Answer 28

Ordinance Making Power of the President - The President can promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session if immediate action is required.

Question 29

Article 143

Answer 29

Power to Seek Supreme Court’s Advice - The President can refer important legal issues to the Supreme Court for an advisory opinion.

Question 30

Article 213

Answer 30

Ordinance Making Power of the Governor - Similar to the President, a Governor can issue ordinances for a state.

Question 31

Article 356

Answer 31

President’s Rule in States - If a state government fails to function as per the Constitution, the President can impose President’s Rule (State Emergency).

Question 32

Article 360

Answer 32

Financial Emergency - The President can declare a Financial Emergency if the financial stability of India is threatened.

Question 33

Discretionary Powers of the President

Answer 33

Situations where the President acts without ministerial advice: ✔ Suspensive Veto (Returning a bill for reconsideration) and Pocket Veto (Taking no action) ✔ Dissolving Lok Sabha – When no clear majority is present. ✔ Dismissal of CoM when they lose majority ✔ Returning advice under Art 74 ✔ Seeking information under Art 78 ✔ Appointing a PM – In case of a hung Parliament. ✔ Pleasure Doctrine

Question 34

What does Article 361 of the Indian Constitution primarily deal with?

Answer 34

Article 361 deals with the protection of the President and Governors from legal proceedings. ✔ No criminal proceedings can be instituted against the President during their term in office. ✔ No civil proceedings can be initiated against the President regarding acts done in their official capacity unless a two-month prior notice is given. ✔ The President is not answerable to any court for the exercise of their powers and duties.

Question 35

True or False: Article 361 allows the President of India to be sued in any court for actions taken in their official capacity.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Article 361 provides that the President shall not be answerable to any court for the exercise and performance of their ______.

Answer 36

powers and duties

Question 37

Which two positions are specifically mentioned in Article 361 as being protected from legal proceedings?

Answer 37

The President of India and the Governors of States

Question 38

What is the significance of Article 361 in relation to the accountability of the President and Governors?

Answer 38

It ensures that the President and Governors can perform their functions without the fear of legal repercussions, thereby maintaining the integrity of the executive branch.