President Nixon

Question 1

What percentage of the population did Nixon appeal to during the 1968 election?

Answer 1

55%

Nixon’s appeal focused on middle America.

Question 2

What was Nixon’s slogan during the 1968 election?

Answer 2

“For these critical years, America needs new leadership”

Question 3

What percentage of the popular vote did Nixon win in the 1968 election?

Answer 3

43.4%

He ran against Humphrey, who received 42.7%.

Question 4

What did a 1968 poll reveal about American attitudes towards welfare?

Answer 4

84% believed ‘there are too many people receiving welfare’

Question 5

What program did Nixon introduce to provide guaranteed income for the elderly and disabled?

Answer 5

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Question 6

What health insurance reforms did Nixon propose in 1971?

Answer 6

Federalisation of Medicaid for poor families with dependent children

Question 7

What administration was established by Nixon in 1970?

Answer 7

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 8

What act was passed in 1973 to protect endangered species?

Answer 8

Endangered Species Act

Question 9

What did the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 aim to address?

Answer 9

Water safety and quality

Question 10

What significant action did Nixon take regarding Job Centres?

Answer 10

Closed 59 Job Centres

Question 11

What child development initiative did Nixon veto in 1971?

Answer 11

Child Development Act

Question 12

Despite conservative policies, how did Nixon’s spending on social programs compare to LBJ’s?

Answer 12

Spent more on social programs than LBJ

Question 13

What was the outcome of the Milliken vs Bradley case in 1974?

Answer 13

Halts busing in Detroit

Question 14

How did Nixon describe busing?

Answer 14

“Wrenching” children away from their families

Question 15

What was the Philadelphia Plan focused on?

Answer 15

Targets for minority workers

Question 16

What case affirmed the Philadelphia Plan in 1971?

Answer 16

Contractor’s Association of Eastern Pennsylvania vs Shultz

Question 17

How many Black members of Congress were there by 1971?

Answer 17

13

Question 18

Who was the first Black woman in Congress?

Answer 18

Shirley Chisholm

Question 19

What did the District of Columbia Crime Control Act (1970) aim to do?

Answer 19

Make bail harder to obtain

Question 20

What was the Chicago Eight?

Answer 20

A group prosecuted in 1970

Question 21

How many Black Panthers were killed by police?

Answer 21

28

Question 22

What percentage of Americans believed student demonstrators were treated too leniently in 1969?

Answer 22

84%

Question 23

What was the percentage of American universities that experienced anti-war protests?

Answer 23

80%

Question 24

How many students were shot dead at Kent State University?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

Who criticized the police response during protests?

Answer 25

New York Mayor John Lindsay

Question 26

What was the size of the pro-Nixon rally in NYC?

Answer 26

130,000

Question 27

Which musician was involved in protests during Nixon's presidency?

Answer 27

Bob Dylan

Question 28

What action did Nixon take against 10,000 protestors in 1970?

Answer 28

Took them to court

Question 29

What task force did Nixon establish for women's rights?

Answer 29

Presidential task force for women’s rights

Question 30

What did Nixon instruct the Department of Labor to add?

Answer 30

Sex discrimination provisions

Question 31

What was the inflation rate at the start of Nixon's presidency?

Answer 31

4.7%

Question 32

What was the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced by Nixon?

Answer 32

First peacetime wage freeze and devalue of the dollar

Question 33

What happened after Nixon abandoned wage and price controls?

Answer 33

Great inflation of '73

Question 34

What led to the OPEC oil embargo on the US?

Answer 34

Nixon’s support of Israel

Question 35

What was the price hike following the end of the oil embargo?

Answer 35

387%

Question 36

What percentage of the population consumed one-third of US oil production?

Answer 36

6%

Question 37

What was Nixon's popular vote percentage in the 1972 election?

Answer 37

60.75%

Question 38

What percentage of the blue-collar vote did Nixon claim in 1972?

Answer 38

52%

Question 39

What foreign policy triumphs contributed to Nixon's re-election?

Answer 39

‘Nam and Détente

Question 40

What did the Nixon administration view as a threat to U.S. interests in relation to Chile?

Answer 40

Allende’s Marxist policies ## Footnote There was a fear that Chile would become a second Cuba.

Question 41

How much money did the CIA allocate to fund opposition groups against Allende?

Answer 41

$10 million ## Footnote This funding was also used for media propaganda and strikes.

Question 42

What actions did the U.S. take to oppose Allende's rule?

Answer 42

Pressured Chilean businesses and military ## Footnote This pressure was part of the efforts to destabilize Allende.

Question 43

On what date was Allende overthrown in a military coup?

Answer 43

11 September 1973 ## Footnote The coup was led by General Augusto Pinochet.

Question 44

Who led the military coup that overthrew Allende?

Answer 44

General Augusto Pinochet ## Footnote Pinochet's rule lasted from 1973 to 1990.

Question 45

Did the U.S. directly orchestrate the coup against Allende?

Answer 45

No, but it provided significant indirect support ## Footnote This support included financial and political backing.

Question 46

What characterized Pinochet's regime from 1973 to 1990?

Answer 46

Human rights abuses and neoliberal economic reforms ## Footnote These reforms were aligned with U.S. interests.

Question 47

How many people is Pinochet's dictatorship estimated to have killed?

Answer 47

Over 3,000 people ## Footnote The regime also tortured tens of thousands.

Question 48

Why did the Nixon and Ford administrations maintain support for Pinochet's regime?

Answer 48

Due to its anti-communist stance ## Footnote This support persisted despite the regime's human rights violations.

Question 49

What did the SALT I Agreement (1972) limit?

Answer 49

The number of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) launchers and submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) launchers ## Footnote SALT I was a significant arms control treaty aimed at curbing the arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Question 50

What was the limit on the number of SLBM-capable submarines according to the SALT I Agreement?

Answer 50

50 SLBM-capable submarines ## Footnote This limit was part of the broader efforts to control the deployment of strategic nuclear forces.

Question 51

What was Operation Giant Lance (1973)?

Answer 51

A U.S. military readiness test involving 18 B-52 bombers ## Footnote The operation aimed to demonstrate nuclear readiness and deter Soviet aggression during the Cold War.

Question 52

What year did the 'ping-pong diplomacy' initiate?

Answer 52

1971

Question 53

What was the significance of President Nixon's visit to China in February–March 1972?

Answer 53

It was the first visit by a sitting U.S. president.

Question 54

What occured in the Shanghai Communiqué?

Answer 54

The 'One China' policy, recognised Taiwan as part as China, movement to diplomacy

Question 55

What was one strategic implication of the rapprochement with China?

Answer 55

Exploiting the Sino-Soviet split to gain leverage over the Soviet Union.

Question 56

What was the Vietnamization Policy?

Answer 56

A policy introduced in 1969 aimed to gradually withdraw U.S. troops while increasing the combat role of the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) ## Footnote This policy was part of a broader strategy to reduce American involvement in the Vietnam War.

Question 57

What was the U.S. troop strength in Vietnam in June 1969?

Answer 57

Approximately 538,700 ## Footnote This number reflects peak U.S. military presence in Vietnam.

Question 58

What was the U.S. troop strength in Vietnam by 1972?

Answer 58

About 24,000 ## Footnote This significant decrease indicates the ongoing withdrawal of U.S. forces.

Question 59

What was the number of ARVN personnel in 1970?

Answer 59

Increased to 968,000 ## Footnote This increase reflects the expansion of the South Vietnamese military forces during the Vietnamization policy.

Question 60

When were the Paris Peace Accords signed?

Answer 60

January 1973 ## Footnote This agreement marked a significant step toward ending U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

Question 61

What event marked the end of the Vietnam War?

Answer 61

Fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces in April 1975 [Under Ford but continued Nixon's policy] ## Footnote This event symbolized the conclusion of the conflict and the collapse of the South Vietnamese government.