Pressure Difference in Ventilation

Question 1

Ventilatory Process

Answer 1

1. The pressure difference in the lungs
2. The elastic properties of the lungs and chest wall.
3. The dynamic characteristics of the lungs and how they affect ventilation.
   The characteristics of normal and abnormal ventilatory patterns.

Question 2

Difference between two pressure

Answer 2

Pressure Gradient

Question 3

Pressure Gradient

Answer 3

1. Moving air in and out of the lungs.

2. For maintaining the lungs in inflated state.

Question 4

It is the pressure difference between two points in a tube or vessel. It is the force moving gas or fluid through the tube or vessel.

Answer 4

Driving pressure

Question 5

The pressure difference s that occur across the airway wall, calculated by subtracting the intra-airway pressure from the pressure on the outside airway.

Answer 5

Transmural Pressure

Question 6

Has a natural tendency to move outward or to expand, as a result of the bones of the thorax and surrounding muscle.

Answer 6

Chest walll

Question 7

Have a natural tendency to move inward or collapse because of the natural elastic properties of the lung tissue

Answer 7

Lungs

Question 8

Defined as the change in lung volume per unit pressure change.

Answer 8

Lung compliance

Question 9

Determines how much air, in liters, the lung will accommodate for each centimeter of water pressure change.

Answer 9

CL

Question 10

The normal lung compliance ____________ is actually the end result of the “combined” chest wall compliance and lung compliance.

Answer 10

0.1 L/H20

Question 11

The normal lung compliance ____________ is actually the end result of the “combined” chest wall compliance and lung compliance.

Answer 11

0.1 L/H20

Question 12

Natural ability of matter to respond directly to force and return to its original resting position or shape after the external force no longer exists.

Answer 12

Elastance

Question 13

Shows that the distending pressure of a liquid sphere is

Answer 13

Laplace’s law

Question 14

Laplace’s Law

Answer 14

1. Directly proportional to the surface tension of the liquid.
2. Inversely proportional to the radius of the sphere.

Question 15

Refers to the study of forces in action.

Answer 15

Dynamic

Question 16

The pressure changes required to move the gas

Answer 16

1. Poiseuille’s law for flow and pressure.

2. Airway resistance equation.

Question 17

Refers to a gas flow that is streamlined.

Answer 17

Laminar gas flow

Question 18

Refers to gas molecules that move through a tube in a random manner.

Answer 18

Turbulent gas flow

Question 19

Occurs in the areas where the airways branch.

Answer 19

Tracheobronchial gas flow

Question 20

Type of glass flow

Answer 20

Laminar gas flow
Turbulent gas flow
Tracheobronchial gas flow

Question 21

Product of airway resistance and lung compliance.

Answer 21

Time constant

Question 22

Time constant is the time necessary to inflate a particular lung region to about _______ of its potential filling capacity.

Answer 22

63%

Question 23

Defined as the change in the volume of the lungs divided by the change in the transpulmonary pressure during one breath.

Answer 23

Dynamic compliance

Question 24

Determined during a period of no gas flow, whereas dynamic compliance is measured during a period of gas flow.

Answer 24

Lung compliance

Question 25

Definded as the volume of air that normally move into and out of the lungs in one quiet breath.

Answer 25

Tidal volume

Question 26

Tidal volume ideal body weight.

Answer 26

7 to 9 mL/kg

Question 27

Normal adult ventilator rate is about 15 breaths per minute.

Answer 27

Ventilator rate

Question 28

The IE ratio is usually about 1:2. That is, the time required to inhale a normal breath is about one half the time required to exhale the same breath.

Answer 28

Time relationship between inhalation and exhalation

Question 29

Ventilatory Process consist of:

Answer 29

Tidal Volume Ventilator rate Time relation between inhalation and exhalation

Question 30

Only the inspired air that reaches the alveoli is effective in terms of gas exchange.

Answer 30

Alveolar ventilation

Question 31

Equal to the tidal volume minus the dead space ventilation multiplied by the breaths per minute.

Answer 31

Minute alveolar ventilation

Question 32

The volume of inspired air that does not reach the alveoli and is not effective.

Answer 32

Dead space ventilation

Question 33

The volume of gas in the conducting airways: the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx and lower airways down to, but not including the respiratory bronchioles.

Answer 33

Anatomic dead space

Question 34

The volume of anatomic dead space is approximately equal to

Answer 34

1 mL/lb of idea body weight

Question 35

Occurs when alveolus is ventilated but not perfused with pulmonary blood.

Answer 35

Alveolar dead space

Question 36

The sum of the anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space.

Answer 36

Physiologic dead space

Question 37

The movement of gas molecules from an era relatively high concentration of gas to one of low concentration.

Answer 37

Diffusion

Question 38

Describes the behaviour of gases surrounding the earth.

Answer 38

Ideal gas law

Question 39

Temperature remains constant, pressure will vary inversely to volume.

Answer 39

Boyle's law

Question 40

Pressure remain constant, volume and temperature will vary directly.

Answer 40

Charle's law

Question 41

Volume remains constant, pressure and temperature will vary directly

Answer 41

Gay-Lussac's law

Question 42

States that in a mixture of a gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each separate gas.

Answer 42

Dalton's law

Question 43

The force exerted by the atmospheric gas surrounding the earth, towards the surface of the earth.

Answer 43

Barometric Pressure