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Pressure Systems and Wind Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

The force per unit area exerted by the weight of the air lying above that level.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

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2
Q

What are the 2 common methods of measuring pressure?

A
  1. Digital Barometer
  2. Aneroid Barometer
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3
Q

What are the units used for pressure in aviation?

A
  1. Inches of Mercury (inHg)
  2. Hectopascals (hpa)
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4
Q

Type of barometer that measures the atmospheric pressure electronically and displays the results digitally.

A

Digital Barometer

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5
Q

Type of barometer that is a partially evacuated flexible metal cell that contracts with increasing pressure and expands with decreasing pressure. The change is registered on a scale by means of a needle and coupling mechanism.

A

Aneroid Barometer

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6
Q

The weight of the air above the airport that is measured.

A

Station Pressure

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7
Q

The station pressure plus the weight of the fictitious column of air between the station and mean sea level.

A

Mean Sea Level Pressure

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8
Q

Lines drawn on a Surface Weather Map joining places of equal MSL Pressure.

A

Isobars

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9
Q

What is the interval between Isobars on a Surface Weather Chart?

A

4 Hectopascals

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10
Q

Areas of MSL pressure surrounded on all sides by higher pressure.

A

Low Pressure

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11
Q

What are other names for Low Pressure areas?

A
  1. Depressions
  2. Cyclones
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12
Q

The curvature of isobars to the left if you were to stand with lower pressure to your left.

A

Cyclonic Curvature

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13
Q

Areas of pressure surrounded on all sides by lower pressure.

A

High Pressure

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14
Q

What is another name for High Pressure areas?

A

Anticylones

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15
Q

The curvature of isobars to the right if you were to stand with lower pressure to your left.

A

Anticyclonic Curvature

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16
Q

Elongated areas of low pressure with the lowest pressure along the line of maximum cyclonic curvature.

A

Troughs

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17
Q

Elongated areas of high pressure with the highest pressure along the line of maximum anticyclonic curvature.

A

Ridges

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18
Q

Neutral areas between 2 highs and 2 lows.

A

Cols

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19
Q

The rate of rise or fall of pressure at a particular location.

A

Pressure Tendency

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20
Q

The force that causes air to move from high pressure to low pressure.

A

Pressure Gradient Force

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21
Q

What determines the strength of the Pressure Gradient Force?

A

Pressure difference over the area

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22
Q

Isobars that are spaced closely together are called what?

A

Steep or Strong

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23
Q

Isobars that are far apart are called what?

24
Q

A force that is a result of the earth’s rotation. It causes air in motion to deflect.

Study These Flashcards
A

Coriolis Force

25
Which way does the Coriolis force deflect in the northern hemisphere?
Right Deflection
26
Which way does the Coriolis force deflect in the southern hemisphere?
Left Deflection
27
What determines the strength of the Coriolis Force?
Speed of the Object (Air)
28
The strength of the Coriolis force at the equator vs the poles.
Zero at the equator Maximum at the Poles
29
When Coriolis Force balances the Pressure Gradient Force, this is called?
Geostrophic Wind
30
"If you stand with your back to the wind in the northern hemisphere, low pressure will be on your left."
Buys-Ballot Law
31
What are the 3 effects on wind?
1. Latitude 2. Curvature 3. Friction
32
What type of force is in the curvature effect?
Cetrifugal Force (cf)
33
What pressure area is the centrifugal force is acting the **same** direction as the pressure gradient force?
High Pressure
34
What pressure area is the centrifugal force acting **opposite** of the pressure gradient force?
Low Pressure
35
How does Friction affect wind?
Reduce wind speed, resulting in less affect of Coriolis Force.
36
Rapid peaks and lulls in the wind speed is called?
Gusts or Squalls
37
Clockwise change in direction.
Veer
38
Counterclockwise change in direction.
Back
39
Rate at which air spirals inwards and upwards increases.
Deepening Low
40
Rate at which air spirals downwards and outwards increases.
Intensifying High
41
What causes the link between the earth's surface and the free flowing air above to disappear?
Nocturnal Inversion
42
When are winds usually stronger and gustier?
During the day
43
What kind of flow results with stable air flowing smoothly over terrain with little turbulence but with marked vertical wind shear?
Laminar Flow
44
What kind of flow results with stable air and fast wind speed, or the air flows over a sharp ridge?
Turbulent Flow
45
These types of winds flow out of the mountain valleys and over the ocean on the West Coast reaching speeds of up to 80kts and creating hazardous shear and turbulent conditions.
Funnel Winds
46
Wind that flows up a slope or a valley during the day.
Anabatic Winds | Valley Wind
47
Downslope wind that may consist of either a warm or cold flow of air down a slope and may develop into an extremely strong wind with dangerous shears.
Katabatic Winds | Mountain Wind
48
What are the two types of Katabatic Winds?
1. Glacier (Cold) 2. Chinook (Warm)
49
Between what months is common for the chinook of Alberta to occur?
September and April
50
What is the range of the return circulation of a Sea Breeze?
1,500ft to 3,000ft above the surface
51
A "sheet" of strong winds some thousands of miles long, hundreds of miles wide and hundreds of feet thick.
Low-Level Jet
52
This type of wind can occur due to a nocturnal inversion where the wind near the top of the inversion increases to speeds greater than that indicated by the isobar spacing on a weather map.
Low-Level Nocturnal Jet Stream
53
The level of maximum wind varies from about (?ft) to (?ft) above ground.
700ft to 2,000ft
54
Surface wind during the Day.
1. Wind Increases 2. Gusty 3. Veers
55
Surface winds during the night.
1. Wind Decreases 2. Smooth 3. Backs

Meteorology (7 decks)

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