pretest 2002 gastro p117-145

Question 0

What is correct regarding small intestinal motility?

Answer 0

contractile activity is initiated in response to bowel wall distention

Question 1

chronic administration of what type of drug would lead to sustained increase in serum gastrin levels?

Answer 1

proton pump inhibitor

Question 2

What is correct regarding gastric emptying?

Answer 2

Vagotomy decreases accommodation of the proximal stomach

Question 3

Vitamin B12 is absorbed primarily in the

Answer 3

Ileum

Question 4

The principal paracrine secretion involved in the inhibitory feedback regulation of gastric acid secretion is

Answer 4

somatostatin

Question 5

What is the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle?

Answer 5

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Question 6

Cholera toxin causes diarrhea by inhibiting

Answer 6

neutral NaCl absorption in the small intestine

Question 7

What describes water and electrolyte absorption in the GI tract?

Answer 7

The majority of absorption occurs in the jejunum

Question 8

Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis can occur with excess fluid loss from the

Answer 8

colon

Question 9

Which gastrointestinal motor activity is most affected by vagotomy?

Answer 9

orad stomach accommodation

Question 10

The hormone involved in the initiation of the migration motor complex is

Answer 10

motilin

Question 11

the rate of gastric emptying increases with an increase in

Answer 11

intragastric volume

Question 12

Basal acid output is increased by

Answer 12

Alkalinization of the antrum

Question 13

What process applies to the proximal stoamch?

Answer 13

Accommodation

Question 14

After secretion of trypsinogen into the duodenum, the enzyme is converted into its active from, trypsin, by

Answer 14

Enteropeptidase

Question 15

The major mechanism for absorption of sodium from the small intestine is

Answer 15

neural NaCl absorption

Question 16

Pharmacological blockade of histamine H2 receptors in the gastric mucosa

Answer 16

inhibits both gastrin- and acetylcholine-mediated secretion of acid

Question 17

Removal of proximal segments of the small intestine results in a decrease in

Answer 17

pancreatic enzyme secretion

Question 18

Gas within the colon is primarily derived from what source?

Answer 18

Fermentation of undigested oligosaccharides by bacteria

Question 19

Removal of the pyloric sphincter is associated with

Answer 19

an increase in the rate of gastric emptying of solids

Question 20

Removal of the terminal ileum will result in

Answer 20

an increase in the water content of the feces

Question 21

Vitamins synthesized by intestinal bacteria and absorbed in significant quantities include

Answer 21

Folic acid

Question 22

What is correct regarding the colon?

Answer 22

Absorption of Na+ in the colon is under hormonal (aldosterone) control

Question 23

Contraction of the gallbladder is correctly described by

Answer 23

that is occurs in response to cholecystokinin

Question 24

Acidification of the duodenum will

Answer 24

decrease gastric emptying

Question 25

What is correct regarding the small intestinal crypt cells

Answer 25

they are responsible for net NaCl and water secretion

Question 26

In contrast to secondary esophageal peristalsis, primary esophageal peristalsis is characterized by

Answer 26

it has an oropharyngeal phase

Question 27

Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins requires

Answer 27

pancreatic lipase

Question 28

What sugar is absorbed from the small intestine by facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

fructose

Question 29

Nearly all binding of cobalamin (vitamin B12) to intrinsic factor occurs in the

Answer 29

duodenum

Question 30

Secondary esophageal peristalsis

Answer 30

is accompanied by lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

Question 31

At concentrations present in the diet, which vitamin is absorbed primarily by diffusion

Answer 31

Vitamin D

Question 32

As compared to long-chain fatty acids, medium chain fatty acids

Answer 32

can be used as a source of calorie in patients with malabsorptive disease

Question 33

Severe inflammation of the ileum may be accompanied by

Answer 33

decreased bile acid pool size

Question 34

What statement about the process of vitamin B12 absorption is correct?

Answer 34

absorption may be reduced in a patient with pancreatic insufficiency

Question 35

Patients may experience nausea and a sense of early satiety following

Answer 35

A vagotomy of the distal stomach

Question 36

The origin of electrical slow wave activity in gastrointestinal tract smooth muscle is

Answer 36

the interstitial cells of Cajal

Question 37

True/False: Maximal acid output may be increased in a patient with duodenal ulcer disease

Answer 37

true

Question 38

The major factor that protects the duodenal mucosa from damage by gastric acid is

Answer 38

pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

Question 39

Bicarbonate absorption from the upper small intestine is closely coupled with

Answer 39

Na/H exchange

Question 40

True/False: Bile acid synthesis is catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme 7 alpha-hydroxylase

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Withdrawal from chronic administration of an anti secretory compound is followed by rebound gastric acid hypersecretion. What drug could account fro the observed result?

Answer 41

a proton pump inhibitor

Question 42

the migrating motor complex in humans

Answer 42

requires an intact intrinsic nervous system for coordinated propagation

Question 43

The delivery of chyme into the proximal small intestine will

Answer 43

increase small intestine segmentation

Question 44

A person is found to have an increased basal and maximal acid outputs, ,decreased serum calcium levels, and microcytic anemia. Inflammation in what area of the gastrointestinal tract would explain these findings?

Answer 44

duodenum

Question 45

what best describes water electrolyte absorption in the gastrointestinal tracct?

Answer 45

osmotic equilibration of chyme occurs in the duodenum

Question 46

the paracrine secretion responsible for inhibiting gastric acid secretion is

Answer 46

somatostatin

Question 47

a medical student presents to the ER with a two-day history of severe vomiting and orthostatic hypotension. what kind of metabolic abnormalities would you expect?

Answer 47

hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis

Question 48

the metabolic effects of insulin include

Answer 48

decreased lipolysis

Question 49

in contrast to secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea

Answer 49

is characterized by an increase in stool osmolarity

Question 50

The macrolide antibiotic erythromycin is associated with gastrointestinal disturbances related to increased motility. The antibiotic works by binding to receptors on nerves and smooth muscle that recognize the gastrointestinal hormone...

Answer 50

Motilin

Question 51

The transport protein responsible for entry of glucose into the intestinal enterocyte called

Answer 51

SGLT1

Question 52

Short-chain fatty acid absorption occurs almost exclusively from the

Answer 52

colon

Question 53

True/False: Regarding medium-chain fatty acids, they are more water-soluble than long-chain fatty acids.

Answer 53

True