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(43 cards)
29-year-old female complains of dysphagia for liquids and solids, and difficulty belching. She states 3 months ago a physician prescribed her pills for this problem which helped, but the symptoms progressively returned and now are severe. A barium test reveals a distended of esophagus with a “bird beak” appearance of LES. The study demonstrates a smooth contour of the mucosa. What is most likely associated with the patients problem?
Malfunction or absence of the NO-containing neurons from the myenteric plexus of the distal esophagus
When injecting high doses of insulin into a patient with a hyperglycemic state, what should be recovered along with the insulin administration?
Potassium
Receptive relaxation of the stomach is abolished by
vagotomy
Type I diabetes may be caused by
autoimmune processes
The action potential’s depolarization phase generated by the gastric pacemaker cells is due to the activation of
Ca++ channels
A patient in a fasting state of over 24 hours will present with what metabolic reaction?
Suppressed Glycogenesis
Emptying gastric contents into the small intestine is strictly controlled. What accurately describes the velocity of gastric emptying?
Lower pH in the stomach results in a slower rate of emptying
What is an action of cortisol?
Increase protein catabolism
In an adult male, the duodenum mucosal release of CCK was not working properly, which phase of pancreatic secretion would be interfered with?
Intestinal phase
A normal person is given an injection of aldosterone. This causes
Increase potassium excretion
What pair of hormones regulate pancreatic secretion and act synergistically?
H+, Enterokinase, Trypsin
A patient with Cushing’s disease will have high
glucose levels
What plays the physiologically most important role in the inhibition of gastric secretion?
Acidification of the pylorus
A patient comes to your office complaining of headache and swelling of his feet. When taking labs you identify high levels of aldosterone. What is consistent with hyperaldosteronism?
hypernatremia
The up-hill transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into the absorbing cells depends on
sodium-dependent glucose transporter
The effects of parathyroid hormone on absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract are mediated by
increase production of 1,25-(OH)2 [Vitamin D]
What most accurately describes the mechanism of amino acids uptake from the intestinal lumen?
cross the mucosal membrane by a secondary active transport process requiring the Na+ gradient
A person has had his parathyroid glands removed accidentally during neck surgery. What would be observed?
Decrease urinary excretion of phosphate
Actions of 1,25-(OH)2- Vitamin D include?
Increase absorption of calcium in the gastrointestinal track
A 46-year-old female has history of epigastric pain which is not periodic and not related to meals. It is relieved by antacids. She also has diarrhea and steatorrhea. Basal HCl secretion rate after an overnight fast was 25 mEq/hour, and this could be increase to 40 mEq/hour by the augmented histamine test. Radiological exam shows a gastric ulcer. An increased level of “gastrin-like” substance found in her plasma. Following surgical removal of a pancreatic tumor, her epigastric pain and diarrhea disappeared and her acid secretion was ____. What would be expected as a consequence of high plasma levels of “gastin-like” substance?
Pancreatic enzyme activation was severely reduced in the duodenum
In a patient suffering from secondary hyperparathyroidism, you would expect to find
Low levels of Ca++ in plasma
In a 44-year-old patient with pernicious anemia related to atrophy of the gastric mucosa, you would most likely find
Deficit in HCl secretion
What is true regarding spermatogenesis?
FSH stimulates sertoli cell for maturation
The ileum is the principal site for absorption of
bile salts
