PreTest Pediatrics: "The Cardiovascular System"

Question 1

What two JONES criteria are the most common (present in over half the cases of rheumatic fever)?

Answer 1

Polyarthritis (~70%) and carditis (~60%)

Question 2

Angioedema follows what inheritance pattern?

Answer 2

Autosomal dominant (hence, it’s also called hereditary angioedema)

Question 3

If a woman has one child with congenital heart disease, what is the risk that her subsequent children will have it?

Answer 3

2% to 6%

Question 4

What blood work is “highly suggestive” of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 4

Elevated platelets

Question 5

Rapid-onset heart failure is suggestive of ______________.

Answer 5

viral myocarditis (often Coxsackie B)

Question 6

How does Ebstein’s anomaly present?

Answer 6

• S3 and S4 gallops
• Right ventricular hypertrophy
• Tricuspid regurgitation
• Right heart block

Question 7

WPW can cause ______________.

Answer 7

brief SVT (with pallor and sudden fatigue as symptoms)

Question 8

What symptoms are characteristic of JIA?

Answer 8

• High, spiking fevers
• Rheumatoid arthritis (with classic “spindle-shaped” swelling of the fingers)
• Salmon-colored rash
• Pericarditis

Question 9

The only cyanotic heart disease that is associated with left-ventricular hypertrophy is ______________.

Answer 9

tricuspid atresia (because the right ventricle is hypoplastic and the left ventricle must take over)

Question 10

What signs/symptoms suggest transposition of the great vessels?

Answer 10

• Cyanosis in the first days of life
• Single S2
• RVH

Question 11

List the symptoms of TAR.

Answer 11

• Thrombocytopenia with absent radius
• Short forearms
• TOF and ASD

Question 12

What is Noonan syndrome?

Answer 12

It’s like male Turner’s with pulmonic stenosis.

Question 13

What heart defect might be found in deaf children?

Answer 13

Prolonged QT syndrome

Jervell-Lange-Nielsen (AR)

Romano-Ward (AD)