Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders - NEMESIS (Ten Have, Tuithof et al)

Question 1

welke wave was dit

Answer 1

3e

Question 2

wat voor sample

Answer 2

• nationally representative
• 18-64
• 6646 subject

Question 3

wat voor methode

Answer 3

face to face interview, composite international diagnostic interview 3.0 (CIDI) gebaseerd op de dsm 5 (en dsm 4 werd ook in meegenomen)

Question 4

Trends in 12-month prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental disorders were examined by …

Answer 4

comparing these rates between NEMESIS-3 and NEMESIS-2

Question 5

wat was de lifetime prevalentie van anxiety disorders

Answer 5

28.6%

Question 6

wat was de lifetime prevalentie van mood disorders

Answer 6

27.6%

Question 7

wat was de lifetime prevalentie van substance use disorders

Answer 7

16.7%

Question 8

wat was de lifetime prevalentie van attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer 8

3.6%

Question 9

wat was de 12-month prevalentie van anxiety disorders

Answer 9

15.2%

Question 10

wat was de 12-month prevalentie van mood disorders

Answer 10

9.8%

Question 11

wat was de 12-month prevalentie van substance use disorder

Answer 11

7.1%

Question 12

wat was de 12-month prevalentie van ADHD

Answer 12

3.2%

Question 13

wat was het verschil in 12 maanden prevalentie voor en na covid

Answer 13

er was geen significant verschil, voor alle 4 de disorder categorieen:
voor = 26.7%
tijdens = 25.7%

(hierbij was ook gecontrolleerd voor verschillen in socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods)

Question 14

wat was het verschil tussen 2007-2009 en 2019-2022 van the 12-month prevalence rate of any DSM-IV disorder

Answer 14

this significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%.

(dus vanaf 2007 tot 2022 hebben mensen significant meer DSM 4 disorders)

Question 15

voor wie was de sterkte increase in prevalence

Answer 15

• studenten
• younger adults (18-34 years)
• city dwellers (=stadsbewoner)

Question 16

wat laat deze data zien?

Answer 16

• These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.

Question 17

er is nog niet echt consensus over of er nou een stijging is, studies vinden verschillende dingen

Answer 17

oke

Question 18

wat is een limiet aan die studies

Answer 18

focussen vooral op mdd (niet op substance & anxiety), en gebruiken vaak self report en geen fully structured diagnostic interviews

Question 19

wat voor factoren hebben de prevalentie van mental disorders in the general population of western countries veranderd

Answer 19

• the economic crisis that started in 2008
• the increased income inequality
• the further individualization of society
• the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Question 20

the reported rise in mental health care use might indicate that the prevalence has increased, but…

Answer 20

may also be explained by:
- improved accessibility
- efficiency
- capacity of care

Question 21

wat was de lifetime prevalentie van dsm 5 mood/anxiety/substance/adhd? (dus in totaal)

Answer 21

48.4%

(ongeveer de helft)

Question 22

wat was de 12 maanden prevalentie van al deze disorders

Answer 22

25.9%

(dus een kwart)

Question 23

wat zijn de trends in hoe mensen de zorg gebruiken?

Answer 23

• increase in use of specialized mental health care (6.2% tot 10.0%)
• increase in unmet need for care (1.8% tot 4.0%)

Question 24

hoe vergelijkt NL hierin tot andere landen

Answer 24

lifetime & 12 month prevalence is gelijk aan die reported in de US, maar hoger dan die van andere europese landen

Question 25

US showed similar rates of DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders, but higher rates of substance use disorders.These findings show that mental disorders are quite common in the general population. It is important to recognize, though, that not all mental disorders are severe. Mild and moderate cases are nonetheless meaningful, because even mild disorders can be impairing and often evolve into severe mental disorders over time.

Answer 25

oke

Question 26

wat zijn de kenmerken van mensen met 12 month DSM 5 disorders in NEMESIS 3 (meer dan net)

Answer 26

- young age - sex: female = anxiety & mood, male = substance and ADHD - living alone - unemployed - low education or low income - higher degree of urbanization

Question 27

post hoc analysen lieten zien dat de increase in prevalence started before the initiation of nemesis 3

Answer 27

oke

Question 28

waarom denken ze dat studenten & jongere mensen meer zijn gehit door de 12 month prevalence (vergeleken met mensen met betaalde baan en ouder dan 35)

Answer 28

- meer affected by individualization of society - social media - increasing pressure to succeed - social problems (housing and climate change) - difficulty coping with setbacks (zoals successfull job and house) - retired people minder want zij worden waarschijnlijk minder geraakt door societal problems zoals economic crisis or current social problems than the employed - beter in herkennen en toegeven van mentale problemen

Question 29

Living in a city may come with more dis- advantages today than before.

Answer 29

oke

Question 30

Among retired people, a smaller increase in disorder prevalence was found, perhaps because ...

Answer 30

they have been less affected by the long-term consequences of the economic crisis that started in 2008, or are less adversely affected by current social problems than the employed.

Question 31

the increase in mood & anxiety could be due to....

Answer 31

people being more likely to recognize and admit mental health problems (maar niet zo'n groot effect wss, omdat ze vroegen naar symptomen in plaats van naar de disorder: minder een taboe)

Question 32

wat was het enige verschil dat ze zagen door de covid pandemic

Answer 32

substance abuse ging heel erg omlaag in 6 month prevalence wss door de lockdown

Question 33

wat waren de limitaties

Answer 33

- cidi 3.0 aanpassingen niet getest - retrospective recall (= underreporting) - survey non-response could lead to bias (want dat zijn een bepaald soort mensen, maar hiervoor gechecked en niet echt groot verschil) - geen mensen die niet goed NL kunnen, geen huisadres hadden en institutionalized werden niet meegenomen

Question 34

To conclude, the present study shows that the mental state of a population is subject to gradual changes, probably related to long- term sociocultural developments, and that youngsters and city dwellers seem to be more sensitive to these developments. The study also shows that adversities of shorter duration (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) have little or no effect on that mental state. This could suggest effective resilience and adaptation, although time-lag effects of the pandemic may yet be felt. These findings reaffirm the role of social determinants as risk factors for common mental disorders, and the need to develop and implement effective mental health promotion programmes, and to ensure timely access to mental health care, especially for young people.

Answer 34

oke

Question 35

wat was het doel van dit artikel

Answer 35

- prevalentie en trends onderzoeken van common mental disorders in the nederlands, van 2007-2022 - lifetime and 12 month prevalence rates van depression, anxiety and substance use disorders - impact van covid 19 pandemic

Question 36

wat voor sampling procedure

Answer 36

stratified, random

Question 37

wanneer was first wave van NEMESIS 3 uitgevoerd

Answer 37

voor en tijdens covid

Question 38

which explanations were ruled out

Answer 38

- small difference in clinical assessment tools between nemesis 2 and nemesis 3: they both used similar questions - nemesis 3 conducted assessment via videocalling, but there is no significant difference between 12 month and lifetime prevalences between face to face interviewed and video interviewed - the change in population structure: to small compared to the sharp increase in prevalence of mental disorders - covid 19 pandemic: the pandemic was not associated with a higher prevalence of mental disorders in the general population

Question 39

limitations of the study

Answer 39

- validity and reliability of the cidi 3.0 were not formally tested - prevalence rates are based on retrospective recall (diagnosing within the lifetime, but not within the past 12 months) which could result in underreporting - non-responses could lead to bias - representative of the dutch population but there were a few exclusion criteria (no dutch, no permanent residential adress, long term institutionalization)