PREVENTING AND TREATING DISEASE Flashcards
(19 cards)
HOW ARE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS TEATED
antibiotics
HOW ARE VIRAL INFECTIONS TREATED
VACCINATIONS/ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
Why can’t antibiotics be used to treat viral infections
It is difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses without damaging the body’s tissues
HOW DO VACCINES WORK?!
Contains dead / inactive pathogens
White blood cells make antibodies that kill the pathogen
WHITE BLOOD cells can remember the antibodies and respond quicker to future infections
WHAT IS herd immunity
Reducing the spread of a disease by vaccinating a large proportion of a population(80%)
REDUCES SPREAD OF VIRUS
WHAT IS Penicillin
an ANTIBIOTIC produced from penicillium mold
WHO discovered penicillin
ALEXANDER FLEMMING
NAME the drug that comes from foxgloves
THE Heart drug digitalis
NAME drug that comes from willow
the painkiller aspirin
DEFINE antibiotic resistant bacteria
STRAINS of bacteria that have evolved resistance to antibiotics
EXPLAIN how antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are produced
OVERusing, OVERsubscribing, not finishing full course or SHARING antibiotics
NAME 3 things new drugs are tested on
CELLS, TISSUES, ANIMALS
NAME 3 things new drugs are tested FOR
TOXICITY , EFFICACY, DOSE
DEFINE clinical trials
Research studies involving human patients
GIVE the stages of clinical trials
- TEST on HEALTHY VOULENTEERS to check SIDE EFFECTS
- Test on patients with disease to check it works and to find the best dosage
DEFINE a placebo
a medicine that does not contain the active drug
DEFINE A DOUBLE BLIND TRIAL
when the doctor and patient don’t know who receives the drug. REDUCES BIAS!!
DESCRIBE what must happen before a drug can be sold
RESULTS from CLINICAL TRIALS are PUBLISHED
RESULTS are reviewed by independent scientists
