PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Flashcards by Zeus Initan

The term applied to an epidemic occurring within more than one country or territory:
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic

A. Epidemic

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The causative agent for Avian flu is:
A. Influenza virus A
B. Influenza virus B
C. Coronavirus
D. Retrovirus

A. Influenza virus A

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One of the following statements does not belong among the criteria for a SARS
suspect:
A. Moderate to high-grade fever
B. Respiratory symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, or difficulty of breathing
C. History of contact with a person diagnosed with SARS, during the past 4
months
D. Travel to a country with known cases of SARS

A. Moderate to high-grade fever

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The trees planted around the landfill help improve the quality of environmental air by
making use of the emitted:
A. Methane
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide

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Methane is the product of the decomposition of which waste products?
A. Gaseous waste
B. Solid waste
C. Metal waste
D. Chemical waste

B. Solid waste

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A Sanitary landfill may receive the following wastes, except:
A. Untreated hazardous wastes
B. Cardboard
C. Grass cuttings
D. Paper

A. Untreated hazardous wastes

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Without the plastic lining at the bottom of the landfill, the leachate could:
A. Produce combustible gases
B. Seep through the soil and contaminate the water supply
C. Emit foul odor
D. Make the landfill sink deeper

B. Seep through the soil and contaminate the water supply

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The Zero Waste Management program is primarily intended to :
A. Extend the life of the sanitary landfill
B. Recycle metal and plastic material
C. Give extra income to people
D. Recycle paper into cardboard

B. Recycle metal and plastic material

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The ideal way to dispose of hospital waste is by :
A. Burying in a landfill
B. Incineration
C. Grinding
D. Recycling

B. Incineration

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Passive immunity may be acquired by the following means, EXCEPT:
A. Intramuscular injection of immunoglobulin
B. Transfer of maternal antibodies across the placental barrier
C. Ingestion of colostum by the baby
D. Injection with viral antigen

D. Injection with viral antigen

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Oral administration of vaccine is an effective route for which of the diseases?
A. Tetanus
B. Tuberculosis
C. Typhoid fever
D. Hemophilus influenza

C. Typhoid fever

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Case 1 : The age group/s with the highest total attack rate of complication is / are:
A. 15 – 25 yrs.
B. 26 – 36 yrs.
C. 37 – 47 yrs.
D. All of the above

A. 15 – 25 yrs.

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Case 1 : The number of patients in the 15 – 25 yrs old group who had prenatal check-
up is :
A. 15
B. 33
C. 45
D. 48

B. 33

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Case 1 : The total number of patients without prenatal check-up who developed
complication is:
A. 20
B. 32
C. 37
D. 42

D. 42

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Which of the following is not among the top ten leading causes of morbidity in the
Philippines?
A. Respiratory diseases
B. Diarrhea
C. Influenza
D. AIDS

D. AIDS

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A health care system that has the greatest impact on the health of a society, while
making the best use of its resources, fulfills which of the following values of social
accountability?
A. Relevance
B. Quality
C. Cost-effectiveness
D. Equity

B. Quality

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Availability of high-quality health care, to all sectors of society, especially the
underprivileged, is the goal of which social accountability value?
A. Relevance
B. Quality
C. Cost-effectiveness
D. Equity

C. Cost-effectiveness

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The WHO’s Philippine counterpart in making health policies to answer local needs is
the:
A. Association of Philippine Medical Colleges
B. Department of Health
C. City Health Office
D. Philippine Medical Association

B. Department of Health

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The City health officer sent the sanitary inspector with medicine to treat the people of
the town infested with scabies. The action taken is a form of which level of
prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Risk assessment

B. Secondary prevention

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Teaching uninfected households about sanitation and hygiene is what level of
prevention?
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Risk assessment

A. Primary prevention

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A student who wants to get health information of a given community may obtain it
from the following, except:
A. Local government hospital
B. City health office
C. Provincial health office
D. Department of health

A. Local government hospital

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Epidemiology differs from clinical medicine in these regards, EXCEPT:
A. Epidemiologists study groups of people, not individuals
B. Epidemiologists study well people, in addition to sick people
C. Epidemiologists try to find out the crucial difference between those stricken
and those spared
D. Epidemiologists decide optimal patient management

D. Epidemiologists decide optimal patient management

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In the investigation of an epidemic of food poisoning at a banquet, high attack rates
were found for people who ate roast beef as well as those who ate mushroom sauce.
Table 1 shows combinations of the two foods that were then considered.

Thus, the infective item is most likely to be
A. Mushroom sauce
B. Roast beef
C. The combination of roast beef with mushroom sauce
D. Cooking utensil (not the meat, nor the mushroom sauce)

A. Mushroom sauce

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What measures the proportion of the population dying every year or the number of
deaths in the community per 1,000 populations.
A. Case fatality rate
B. Cause-specific mortality rate
C. Crude mortality rate
D. Proportionate mortality

D. Proportionate mortality

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Designed to measure the rate at which people without a disease develop the disease during a specific period of time, that is, the number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time. A. Fertility rates B. Incidence rates C. Mortality rates D. Prevalence rate

B. Incidence rates

Table 3 shows the sex distribution in three large series of cases of a disease. The incidence rate of this disease by sex was A. Twice as great in males as in females B. Three times greater in males than in females C. Five times greater in make than in females D. Cannot be computed from the date given

B. Three times greater in males than in females

Which of the following measure the number of people in a population who have the disease at a given point in time. A. Fertility rates B. Incidence rates C. Mortality rates D. Prevalence rates

D. Prevalence rates

Epidemic refers to A. A disease that has a low rate of occurrence but that is constantly present in a community or region B. An attack rate in excess of 10 per 1,000 population C. The occurrence of illnesses of similar nature clearly in excess of the normal expectation for that population at that time D. The annual case rate per 100,000 population

C. The occurrence of illnesses of similar nature clearly in excess of the normal expectation for that population at that time

Case fatality rate for a given disease refers to A. The crude mortality rate per 100,000 population B. Cause-specific mortality rate due to the disease C. The percentage of deaths among cases of the disease D. The proportion of deaths due to the disease among all deaths from all causes

C. The percentage of deaths among cases of the disease

The two major measures of disease frequency are: A. Sensitivity and specificity B. Positive and negative predictive values C. Incidence and prevalence D. Relative and Absolute risks

C. Incidence and prevalence

The ratio of the incidence of the group with the factor to the incidence of the group without the factor A. Absolute risk B. Attributable risk C. Relative risk D. Predictive value

C. Relative risk

Measures the amount of the incidence that can be attributed to one particular factor. A. Absolute risk B. Attributable risk C. Relative risk D. Predictive value

B. Attributable risk

Sometimes called as retrospective study because of its direction of inquiry. A. Case-Control Study B. Cross-Sectional Study C. Cohort Study D. Experiment

C. Cohort Study

Because the events of interest transpire after the study is begun, this study is sometimes called prospective study. A. Case-Control Study B. Cross-Sectional Study C. Cohort Study D. Experiment

C. Cohort Study

Because it focuses on a point in time, it is sometimes also called prevalence study. A. Case-Control Study B. Cross-Sectional Study C. Cohort Study D. Experiment

B. Cross-Sectional Study

A group of people who share a common experience within a defined time period. A. Bias B. Cohort C. Placebo D. Stratum

D. Stratum

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a case-control study? A. It is relatively inexpensive B. Relative risk may be estimated from the results C. Incidence rates may be computed D. One selects controls without the disease

B. Relative risk may be estimated from the results

The strongest weapon in the scientific armamentarium to test a hypothesis. A. Case-Control Study B. Cross-Sectional Study C. Cohort Study D. Experiment

D. Experiment

A well-known phenomenon in medicine is that patients given only inert substances will often show subsequent clinical improvement when compared with similar patients not so “treated” A. Block randomization B. Placebo effect C. Stratification D. Surveillance

B. Placebo effect

Defined as the detection of the occurrence of health-related events or exposures in a target population. A. Predictive Value B. Sensitivity C. Specificity D. Surveillance

A. Predictive Value

The __________ of a test is defined as the percentage of persons with the disease of interest who have positive test results. A. Negative Predictive Value B. Positive Predictive Value C. Sensitivity D. Specificity

C. Sensitivity

The __________ provides a way to look at risk in case-control studies. A. Absolute Risk Reduction B. Odds Ratio C. Relative Risk D. Relative Risk Reduction

C. Relative Risk

The “four o’clock habit” of the Dengue Prevention campaign is about: A. Immunization B. Environmental sanitation C. Personal hygiene D. Anti-viral treatment

B. Environmental sanitation

When educating the patient about Vitamin A, you will not include which of the following? A. Yellow squash and carrots are rich food sources B. Prevents night blindness C. It is an anti-oxidant D. Minimum daily requirement is 400 to 600 gms

D. Minimum daily requirement is 400 to 600 gms

The pathology in Vitamin A deficiency is: A. Loss of muscle mass B. Skin hyperpigmentation C. Xerophthalmia D. Exophthalmus

C. Xerophthalmia

Inclusion of Iodized salt in the daily diet prevents: A. Mental deficiency in children B. Thin, brittle bones C. Loose, non-elastic skin D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A. Mental deficiency in children

Long-term psychiatric monitoring of a former drug user, who has been rehabilitated is a form of: A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quartiary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention

The incubation period of AIDS is from the time: A. Patient is infected up to the time AIDS–related symptoms manifest B. The patient starts having large lymph nodes to the time severe lung infection manifests C. Patient manifests mild symptoms until he/she dies D. Patient starts feeling weak until pneumonia develops

A. Patient is infected up to the time AIDS–related symptoms manifest

The SARS virus is transmitted via : A. Inhalation of infected droplets B. Drinking contaminated water C. Eating cooked infected chicken D. Contact with infected blood

A. Inhalation of infected droplets

The characteristic clinical presentation of a patient with tuberculosis is a combination of which of the following: A. Fever throughout the day, nosebleeding (epistaxis), loss of appetite B. Cough of 2 weeks, evening fever, weight loss, loss of appetite C. Fever of one week, abdominal enlargement, loss of appetite D. Weight loss, large neck lymph nodes, anemia

B. Cough of 2 weeks, evening fever, weight loss, loss of appetite

Malfunctioning liver, distended abdomen and jaundice are symptoms consistent with: A. Chronic alcoholism B. AIDS C. Protein deficiency D. Carbohydrate deficiency

A. Chronic alcoholism

When taking the history of a woman whom you suspect to have STD, you would like to assess the possibility of exposure (risk assessment) by asking about: A. Number of children B. When the symptoms started C. Number of sexual partners D. Health of parents

C. Number of sexual partners

The incidence of tuberculosis is correctly stated as (using an arbitrary number): A. 100,000 new cases per year B. 100,000 tuberculous persons C. 100,000 cases of newly diagnosed, plus undergoing treatment and healed TB cases D. 100,000 cases confined in hospital

A. 100,000 new cases per year

Prevalence of tuberculosis is correctly stated as (using an arbitrary number): A. 2 billion TB cases in the world B. 2 billion new TB cases in the world per year C. 2 billion combined treated and healed TB cases per month D. 2 billion TB cases, excluding the newly diagnosed cases

A. 2 billion TB cases in the world

The capacity of a test to become negative in the absence of the disease is: A. Specificity B. Sensitivity C. Predictive value of a negative test D. Probability

A. Specificity

The capacity of the test to become positive in the presence of the disease is its: A. Specifity B. Sensitivity C. Predictive value D. Probability

C. Predictive value

Case 3: The group of subjects/employees with the highest probability of being tuberculous : A. A + C B. A + B C. A D. B

C. A

Case 3: Total number of subjects/employees who are probably tuberculous: A. A + C B. B + D C. A + B D. C + D

A. A + C

Case 3: Predictive value of a positive chest xray: A. A / A + B B. B / A + B C. A / A + C D. B / B + D

C. A / A + C

Case 3: Predictive value of a negative chest xray: A. A / A + B B. B / A + B C. A / A + C D. B / B + D

D. B / B + D

A reduction in infant mortality may be interpreted as: A. Increased life expectancy of infants B. Increased life expectancy of infants and mothers C. Decreased number of pregnancies D. Effective family planning programs

A. Increased life expectancy of infants

Morbidity data would include the following, EXCEPT: A. Accidents in the workplace B. Deaths from accidents C. Absences from work D. Work-related illnesses

B. Deaths from accidents

The best way to reduce the prevalence of heart diseases is to : A. Train more cardiologists B. Opening more coronary care units at the barangay level C. Providing affordable medicines for cardiac diseases D. Develop intensive health education programs to inform the communities about prevention

D. Develop intensive health education programs to inform the communities about

DOTS is Department of Health program for: A. TB diagnosis B. TB treatment C. TB prevention D. A and B only

D. A and B only

Direct Observation Treatment , Short-course for tuberculosis is focused on which level of prevention? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. A and B only

B. Secondary

The Alma Ata Declaration is about which of the following? A. Protection of women and children from violence B. Health as a universal human right C. Proper garbage disposal D. Reduction of infant and maternal mortality

B. Health as a universal human right

The science and art responsible for the maintenance and improvement of the health of the population, with police power to impose sanctions on anyone that may harm the health of the public is: A. Preventive medicine B. Public health C. General practice D. Social medicine

D. Social medicine

If a clinician practicing in CDH suspects that a deep well is the source of typhoid fever of three of his patients, the person with the power to have the water source shut down is: A. Attending physician himself B. Sanitary inspector C. Cebu Doctors Hospital administrator D. City health officer

D. City health officer

The opposite of Equality between husband and wife is Paternalism, which means: A. Dominance of men through their control of the family, commerce and society B. Men are the superior members of the family through their active participation in household chores and upbringing of children C. Men control external affairs, like business, while women control the home D. Inheritance of wealth is from father to son only

A. Dominance of men through their control of the family, commerce and society

The practice of financially-independent adult sons and daughters, who take time to go home during holidays demonstrates 3 of the following characteristics, except: A. Shared attributes B. Belongingness C. Lifelong membership D. Child-centeredness

D. Child-centeredness

When a child kisses the hand of elders as a form of greeting, it is said that the parents have taught him/her well, fulfilling the following family function, EXCEPT: A. Biological B. Socialization C. Educational D. Cultural

D. Cultural

When a child is quarrelsome in school, does not mix well with his classmates, and does not answer when greeted by classmates, the parents must have performed poorly in their _______________ function.: A. Biological B. Socialization C. Educational D. Cultural

B. Socialization

Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have? Case 4: What type of family does Ai-ai have? A. Single parent, Nuclear family B. Single parent, Extended family C. Blended family D. Polygamous family

B. Single parent, Extended family

Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have? Case 4: At what stage of family development is Ai-ai’s family? A. Family with newborn child B. Family with school-age children C. Family with adolescent children D. Launching family

B. Family with school-age children

Numbers 73 to 75 refer to Case 4: Ms. Ai-Ai has 3 children, aged 8 yrs. old, 5 yrs. 1 ½ yrs., by three different men , but she has remained single. They live with Ai-ai’s aunt who has 2 grown up children, aged 29 and 30 years old. Ai-ai says that her children and her aunt and cousins are the only family for her. What type family does Ai-ai have? Case 4: At what stage of development is the Auntie’s family? A. Family with school-age children B. Family with adolescent children C. Launching family D. Family in later years (Empty nest)

D. Family in later years (Empty nest)

At which stage of family development do the parents begin to feel they are no longer needed by their children? A. Family with a new born child B. Family with a child of school-age C. Family with an adolescent child D. Launching family

D. Launching family

When the husband prevents the wife from going out with friends and her own parents, does not allow her to use the phone, and he shouts and smashes her things when she disobeys him on such matters; Which of the following forms of controlling does not apply? A. Isolation B. Physical punishment C. Intimidation D. Emotional abuse

B. Physical punishment

About 60 years ago, only women with higher IQ and grades, with extraordinary talent than the male competitors, were accepted in medical schools. This is an example of : A. Male-female power disparity B. Socialization and learned behavior C. Medicalization of the problem D. Trivialization

A. Male-female power disparity

The physician who is not aware of the issues on gender sensitivity, shows concern only for the cuts and bruises, and does not address the emotional trauma and the risk to the patient’s life; such an attitude is called: A. Male-female power disparity B. Socialization and learned behavior C. Medicalization of the problem D. Trivialization

C. Medicalization of the problem

The woman who allows herself to be verbally abused by her husband must be educated about husband and wife relationship that is based on: A. Equality and Responsible parenting B. Equality and Respect C. Equality and Honesty D. Equality and Economic partnership

B. Equality and Respect

The SARS virus may be acquired by: A. Droplet infection B. Airborne transmission C. Sexual contact D. Fecal-oral transmission

A. Droplet infection

The carcinogenic substance in tobacco smoke is: A. Carbon monoxide B. Cyanide C. Nicotine D. Tar

D. Tar

Which of the following is a primary prevention activity for drug addiction? A. Imprisonment of drug pushers B. Responsible parenting seminar C. Submission of a drug addict for rehabilitation D. Drugs test for applicants of driver’s licence

B. Responsible parenting seminar

Which of the following diseases cannot be prevented by hygienic methods of handling food and drinks? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Amebiasis D. Typhoid fever

B. Hepatitis B

Which of the following conditions cannot be classified as a case of malnutrition? A. Obesity B. Kwashiorkor C. Marasmus D. Diabetes mellitus

D. Diabetes mellitus

Which of the following is/are solely the responsibility/ies of the public health practitioner? A. Prompt diagnosis and treatment B. Report the case to proper authorities C. Trace and identify other sexual contacts of the index case D. A and B only

D. A and B only

The most common disease brought home by a child is: A. Intestinal parasitism B. Dengue fever C. Respiratory tract infection D. Measles

C. Respiratory tract infection

The appropriate term to describe Bino’s situation, who continues to smoke 2 packs of cigarettes daily inspite of the chronic cough is: A. Tolerance to tobacco B. Tobacco dependence C. Addiction to tobacco D. Misuse of tobacco

C. Addiction to tobacco

Bino has progressively increased the dose of diazepam, to put him to sleep, from 10 mg to 30 mg daily over 2 years, which is due to: A. Tolerance B. Resistance C. Withdrawal D. Misuse

A. Tolerance

Nurses and physicians must protect themselves from acquiring HIV infection by: A. Getting vaccinated B. Wearing a mask C. Not touching the patient D. Following precautionary measures in handling used hypodermic needles

D. Following precautionary measures in handling used hypodermic needles

The most powerful risk factor predisposing persons to atherosclerotic peripheral occlusive disease is: A. Alcohol abuse B. Cigarette smoking C. Old age D. Male gender

B. Cigarette smoking

Being a good role-model for the children is about: A. Economic partnership B. Responsible parenting C. Honesty and accountability D. Trust and support

B. Responsible parenting

Negotiation and fairness means: A. Supporting her goals in life B. Economic partnership C. Earning trust and confidence through honesty D. Seeking mutually satisfying resolution to conflict

D. Seeking mutually satisfying resolution to conflict

Talking in loud, angry voices, when a couple is trying to find a solution to conflicting opinions is the opposite of : A. Shared responsibility B. Responsible parenting C. Non-threatening behavior D. Honesty and accountability

C. Non-threatening behavior

Which of the following functions is fulfilled when the children stay healthy because of completed immunizations? A. Biological B. Educational C. Socialization D. Cultural

A. Biological

Teaching the child to steal is a distortion of which function? A. Biological B. Educational C. Socialization D. Cultural

B. Educational

The type of abuse when the spouse does not speak to his partner, without any explanation, but only to express anger or dissatisfaction. A. Physical B. Sexual C. Psychological D. Social

C. Psychological

The type of abuse, when the wife is not allowed to meet friends and family members; not allowed to go out of the house. A. Economic B. Psychological C. Social D. Verbal

C. Social

Blaming the rape victim for the assault, because she wore make-up and a mini-skirt (victim-blaming) is a promotive factor in the causation of violence, which is known as: A. Sex-role sterotype B. Medicalization C. Socialization D. Trivialization

D. Trivialization

When the wife refuses to have sex with her husband and he forces her, he can be charged in court for: A. Physical injuries B. Marital rape C. Battering D. Frustrated homicide

B. Marital rape

The 95 percent confidence interval for a sample mean value represents: A. The range in which the true population mean is most likely to exist. B. The author’s belief that the presented data are true. C. The range in which 95 percent of the sample values fall. D. A test for statistical significance of the mean value.

A. The range in which the true population mean is most likely to exist.

OF the following statements, which best describes the specificity of a clinical test? A. The proportion of non-diseased individuals who have a negative test B. The proportion of diseased individuals who have a positive test C. The proportion of diseased and non-diseased individuals who are correctly categorized by the test D. The proportion of test-negative individuals who are free of disease

A. The proportion of non-diseased individuals who have a negative test

Result Present Absent Positive 50 20 Negative 30 50 What is the test sensitivity? A. 63 percent B. 29 percent C. 71 percent D. 38 percent

A. 63 percent

Result Present Absent Positive 50 20 Negative 30 50 What is the positive predictive value? A. 71 percent B. 47 percent C. 38 percent D. 33 percent

A. 71 percent

You have decided to conduct a research project in your office. A number of steps should be taken to assure a successful study. What is the first step you should complete in planning your project? A. Formulate the study question. B. Consult with a statistician. C. Design a form for collecting data. D. Determine the necessary sample size.

A. Formulate the study question.

You have conducted a clinical trial in which you measured blood pressure in the same patients during a control period and after 2 weeks of treatment with an experimental antihypertensive medication. Systolic blood pressure was the characteristic you measured. You now want to determine whether there was a significant difference in the average (mean) systolic blood pressure between the control and treatment periods. Which of the following is the most appropriate statistical procedure for this determination? A. Paired t test B. Chi-square C. two sample t test D. correlation coefficient

A. Paired t test

Experimental studies: A. Are the most effective studies to assess causal relationships. B. Are synonymous with observational studies. C. Require that subjects be randomly assigned to exposure and nonexposure groups at all times. D. Excludes community trials.

A. Are the most effective studies to assess causal relationships.

Which of the following statements is true regarding prospective cohort studies? A. They measure the relative risk of developing a disease for an individual with an exposure. B. Individuals are grouped on the basis of their disease status. C. Subject attrition is not a major potential flaw. D. They cannot be used to observe multiple exposures and conditions. E. They are poor in elucidating temporal relationships between exposure and disease.

A. They measure the relative risk of developing a disease for an individual with an exposure.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cross-sectional studies? A. They assess exposure and disease status simultaneously. B. They can yield information regarding disease incidence. C. They are more time-consuming to perform than case-control or cohort studies. D. They are an effective design to determine casual relationships. E. They are not an appropriate methodology to draw conclusions from chart databases or census data.

A. They assess exposure and disease status simultaneously.

Which of the following is an example of cohort studies? A. Men are grouped as to whether or not they have had radioactive exposure; then their existing medical records are evaluated for a diagnosis of lung cancer. B. Women are grouped as to whether or not they have chronic obstructive lung disease; then they are asked about their occupational history. C. Women are given a questionnaire assessing weight and menstrual symptoms. D. A group of elderly veterans are followed for adverse reactions to the flu vaccine.

A. Men are grouped as to whether or not they have had radioactive exposure; then their existing medical records are evaluated for a diagnosis of lung cancer.

A family physician believes that sterile butterfly stripping is just as effective as suturing with regard to the closure of simple lacerations. To test his theory, he uses sterile butterfly strips to close the next 25 lacerations that he sees in his office. He reports that 96 percent of the lacerations had excellent results. Which of the following statements is true regarding this experiment? A. This is a case-series design. B. This design is an ineffective one for the initial study of the phenomenon. C. It can be assumed that all lacerations were equivalent with regard to location, extent, and mechanism of injury. D. The next phase of study should be a prevalence design. E. Sterile butterfly stripping is at least equivalent to suturing with regard to its ability to attain adequate wound closure.

A. This is a case-series design.

In double-blind randomized clinical trials: A. The distribution of characteristics between the exposure and nonexposure groups is determined by chance. B. The investigator is aware of who is and who is not getting the exposure. C. The subjects are not aware that they are taking part in a research protocol. D. The subjects are permitted to choose whether they want to be in the exposure or nonexposure group.

A. The distribution of characteristics between the exposure and nonexposure groups is determined by chance.

The following agent/s causing diffuse mottling of the lungs: A. Bagasse B. Candida C. Silica D. TB

A. Bagasse

Substitute/s causing neurological problems: A. Mercury B. Silica C. Asbestos D. Bagasse

A. Mercury

Pneumoconiosis is caused by: A. Asbestos B. Cotton dust C. Bagassosis D. Bagasse

A. Asbestos

This mineral dust is incurable and may lead to the development of Tuberculosis: A. Silica B. Histoplasma C. Cryptococcus D. Aspergillosis

A. Silica

An important component of an occupational history is: A. temporal relationship of symptoms with work time B. associated symptoms among family members C. family illnesses D. dietary history

A. temporal relationship of symptoms with work time

The most exposed industry to ergonomic problems: A. Manufacturing C. Fishing B. Mining D. Agriculture

A. Manufacturing

Threshold limit value – is the time weighted average concentration which nearly all workers can be exposed daily without adverse effect for the following number of work hours/workweek: A. 40-hour workweek B. 12-hour workday C. 48-hour workweek D. 6 hours work shift

A. 40-hour workweek

Considered most dangerous with regards to possible disease spread: A. clinical carrier B. clinical stage patient C. non-immunized D. terminally ill patient

A. clinical carrier

This allows organic material to undergo bio and photo degradation, resulting in simple organic molecules that can actually be beneficial to the environment: A. Composting B. Reuse and recycling C. Source reduction D. All of the above

A. Composting

An example of an agent-environment interaction is: A. Population of a “carrier” making use of an infected water supply both for drinking and food preparation B. Vitamin C tablets placed in colored bottles C. Fly control program D. Business’s favorite of eating “sushi” in Japanese restaurants

A. Population of a “carrier” making use of an infected water supply both for drinking and food preparation

What treatment is needed if the bacteriological quality of water is 5,000- 50,000 coliforms/100 ml? A. Double treatment B. Look for another source C. Disinfection D. Chlorination

A. Double treatment

The most critical step in waste reduction and recycling is: A. Waste segregation B. incineration C. collection of solid waste D. transfer and transport

A. Waste segregation

The main objective of solid waste processing is: A. to recover whatever may be reusable B. to provide livelihood for scavengers C. to discover other sources of income D. to minimize bulk of waste to be dumped at sea 26. The most important public health issues addressed by correct waste management: A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories B. Control of vectors of infectious disease C. Eradication of mosquito causing Dengue DC. Improvement of parks and public places

A. to recover whatever may be reusable

The most important public health issues addressed by correct waste management: A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories B. Control of vectors of infectious disease C. Eradication of mosquito causing Dengue DC. Improvement of parks and public places

A. Composting of solid waste from laboratories

Biopsychosocial Model focuses on: A. Multifactorial causes of illness B. Disease oriented C. Organ system dysfunction D. Biological orientation

A. Multifactorial causes of illness

The most challenging and rewarding stage for the physician in the Family Illness Trajectory: A. Major therapeutic efforts B. Accuracy of diagnosis C. Early adjustment to possible outcome D. Adjustment to permanency of outcome

A. Major therapeutic efforts

It is process which encompasses screening for abnormalities, early detection of disorders that can be alleviated, and likewise the prevention of ill-health: A. Family Health Care B. Family Life Cycle C. Family Illness Trajectory D. Family Assessment Tools

A. Family Health Care

The nature of illness whose characteristics of experience provide little time for physical and psychological adjustment for family members: A. Acute illness B. Chronic illness C. Terminal illness D. Debilitating illness

A. Acute illness

The most difficult stage of the Family Illness Trajectory for the patient: A. Accuracy of diagnosis B. Adjustment to permanency of outcome C. Major therapeutic efforts D. Early adjustment to possible outcome

A. Accuracy of diagnosis

This household is in the typical case-economically independent subsisting in the first instance from the occupational earnings of the husband-father: A. Nuclear family B. Corporate family C. Extended family D. Blended family

A. Nuclear family

An acronym that stands for factors affecting health which can be considered resource and pathology: A. SCREEM B. Family Circle C. Family APGAR D. Family Genogram

A. SCREEM

Component of the Family Genogram that projects the dynamism of family relationships: A. Functional chart B. Family resources C. Family Illness and history D. Pedigree or Family Tree

A. Functional chart

A Genogram using functional symbols: A. depicts relationships B. focuses on the most ill family member C. emphasizes the problem of the patient D. therapeutic interventions

A. depicts relationships

The “therapeutic Triangle” in Medicine refers to which of the following? A. Patient/family/health care team B. Patient/family, health care institution, health care team C. Patient/family, friends/extended family, health care team D. Patient, health care team, community

A. Patient/family/health care team

What stage of the Family Life Cycle is characterized by parents developing adult type relationships between the grown children and themselves? A. Family with adolescent B. Newly married couple C. Unattached Young Adult D. Family in later life

A. Family with adolescent

What family process involves ordered sequences of interaction that typify how family functions? A. Family pattern B. Disengagement C. Triangulation D. Enmeshment

A. Family pattern

Which of the following is characteristic of the hospice program? A. available 24 hours a day B. designed for marginalized population C. renders only medical care D. composed of nurse and physician only

A. available 24 hours a day

During the interview process, which of the following will most likely put the patient on the defensive, that is, make the patient feel that his or her problem or behavior must be justified and defended? A. Beginning the question with “Why?” B. Direct question C. Laundry-list questions D. Open-ended questions

A. Beginning the question with “Why?”

This is a component of the family health care plan which involves health maintenance for each Family member: A. Preventive B. Diagnostic C. Therapeutic D. Rehabilitative

A. Preventive

A family meeting should be done in the following situation: A. 16 y/o old female, first pregnancy B. 12 y/o female with acne C. 4 y/o old boy with acute nasopharyngitis D. 30 y/o old male for annual employment physical

A. 16 y/o old female, first pregnancy

A characteristic of Primary health care that differentiates it from the traditional health delivery system: A. Community participation in the stages of planning B. Assurance of financial backing of the government C. Coverage of the majority of the population E. Drug provision for all indigent patients

A. Community participation in the stages of planning

Fecal occult blood is a screening test for: A. colorectal CA B. cervical cancer C. Inflammatory bowel disease D. hemorrhoids

A. colorectal CA

Criteria that justifies doing screening test: A. Can identify patients likely to have the disease at pre-symptomatic stage B. Can identify patients who have the disease at symptomatic stage C. Can identify patients who will not benefit from treatment D. Can identify patients who will not benefit from rehabilitation

A. Can identify patients likely to have the disease at pre-symptomatic stage

Which of the health maintenance plan is true for adult patients? A. FBS should be done for obese 40 y/o female with family history of hypertension B. Fecal occult blood is recommended for 50 years old and above C. VDRL/RPR should be done on all males D. Electrocardiogram should be done on all 50 years old and above

A. FBS should be done for obese 40 y/o female with family history of hypertension

Which of the following statements about chemoprophylaxis is true? A. Low dose aspirin for men 65 years old and above prevents heart disease B. Estrogen with progestin increases the risk of endometrial cancer C. Estrogen replacement therapy decrease the risk of osteoporosis when started in women 40 years old and below D. Chemoprophylaxis is warranted only in younger patients

A. Low dose aspirin for men 65 years old and above prevents heart disease

A health promotion measure: A. Utilization of health/medical services B. Use of mosquito repellant C. Vitamin supplementation to increase body resistance D. Isolating patients with infectious diseases

A. Utilization of health/medical services

A rehabilitation measure: A. Organized feeding program B. Use of iodized salt because of prevalence of goiter C. Teaching to deaf mute children sign language or/and lip reading D. Prescribing eyeglasses to those with initial stage of nearsightedness (myopia)

A. Organized feeding program

50. The process of isolating patients with Flu falls under: A. Specific protection B. Early diagnosis and treatment C. Disability limitation D. Health promotion

A. Specific protection

97. If both parent are Medicare members, the dependent children may claim benefit from membership of: a. Mother b. Both mother and father c. Father d. One can choose

c. Father

Family planning means: a. Voluntary descisions and positive action of couples to have a desired number of children b. Intra-uterine device and pills c. Legal abortions d. Knowledge of the different family planning methods

a. Voluntary descisions and positive action of couples to have a desired number of children

The major activities undertaken in the maternal and child health program does NOT include a. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles b. Proper pneumonia prevention c. Promotion of prenatal care d. Monitoring of growth and health status of infants and children

a. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles

In the “Under Five” Program, the best screening procedure for tuberculosis: a. Sputum examination b. Surveillance c. Tuberculin testing d. Chest x-ray

c. Tuberculin testing

The prerequisite for any rational drug policy is A. Availability B. Accessibility C. Quality assurance D. Affordability

C. Quality assurance

Drugs not covered by patent protection and which are labeled solely by their international proprietary name is: A. Complementary drugs B. Essential drugs C. Generic drugs D. Core drugs

C. Generic drugs

PhilHealth gives medical coverage to dependents of members who are: A. parents over 60, children below 21 B. parents over 65, children below 21 C. parents over 60, children below 18 D. parents over 65, children of any age

A. parents over 60, children below 21

Philhealth benefits vary according to the following except: A. Relative unit value of surgery B. Actual cost of care C. Type of hospital D. Type of physician

B. Actual cost of care

Phil-Health sets standards, guidelines and procedures prior to allowing doctors and hospitals to become part of the NHIP. This process is called: A. evaluation B. accreditation C. recognition D. acceleration

B. accreditation

The Family Planning program consist of the following EXCEPT: a. Promotion of knowledge on the use of contraceptive devices b. Helping childless couples to bear children c. Encouraging legal abortion d. Providing family planning services

c. Encouraging legal abortion

107. The following preventive measures are included in the National TB Control Prgram EXCEPT: a. Giving chemoprophylaxis for those not yet infected b. BCG vaccination of eligible population c. Early treatment of infective TB cases d. Health education

a. Giving chemoprophylaxis for those not yet infected

According to the revised Expanded Program of Immunization, the contraindication/s to immunization is/are: a. Malnourished child b. Temperature of 37.5 – 38o c. Diarrhea d. Convulsions after DPT

d. Convulsions after DPT

A greater measure of success of a TB control program could be expected if activities were centered on: a. Wider coverage of BCG immunization b. Development of more effective treatment methods c. Amelloration of the socio-economic status of the general population d. Identification and treatment of early cases

a. Wider coverage of BCG immunization

Toxic effects of INH has been reported as: a. Diarrhea b. Hepatitis c. Chorioretinitis d. Extrapyramidal symptoms

b. Hepatitis

In an “under six” program the best screening procedure for tuberculosis is: a. Chest x-ray b. Sputum examination for AFB c. Tuberculin test d. B and C only

c. Tuberculin test

All are ingredients of Oresol (oral rehydration fluid) EXCEPT: a. Calcium chloride b. Sodium chloride c. Potassium chloride d. Glucose

a. Calcium chloride

Routine immunization of children include the following EXCEPT: a. BCG b. Thyphoid c. Measles d. Diphtheria

b. Thyphoid

The following immunizations are recommended for 3-months old children consulting at an “under six clinic”: a. DPT b. Measles vaccine c. BCG d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C

Immunization is contraindicated among a. Malnourished children b. Breastfed babies c. Children with diarrhea d. Children with prolonged febrile illness

d. Children with prolonged febrile illness

Contraindications for administering a live attenuated vaccine include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Acute febrile illness b. Recent administration of immune globulin host c. Immunosuppressive disorder or compromise d. Administration of another live vaccine

d. Administration of another live vaccine

BCG vaccination is administered on the right deltoid are a by: a. Intramuscular method b. Subcutaneous method c. Intradermal method d. Scratch method

c. Intradermal method

The recommended WHO schedule for measles vaccination is at: a. Birth b. 6 weeks c. 3 months d. 9months

d. 9months

Maternal antibodies convey passive measles immunity to infants probably until age: a. 12 to 15 months b. 6 to 9 months c. 3 to 6 months d. 18 – 24 months

d. 18 – 24 months

The decision to give the rabies vaccine is influenced by any of the following EXCEPT: a. The severity of the bite b. The condition of the animal at the time of exposure c. The part of the body that was bitten d. The condition of the animal 15 days after axposure

d. The condition of the animal 15 days after axposure

The following are the statements of Policy of the Generic Act of 1988, EXCEPT: a. Promote, encourage, and require the use of generic terminology b. Penalize any violation of the Act c. Emphasize the scientific basis for the use of drugs d. Ensure adequate supply of drugs with generic names

d. Ensure adequate supply of drugs with generic names

The following organizations jointly with the Department of Health are involved in the education drive for the Generics Acts, EXCEPT: a. Department of Finance b. Philippine Information Agency c. Department of Local Governments d. Department of Education, Culture & Sports

a. Department of Finance

Which of the following would be best reflect the inadequacy of maternity care services in the community? a. Small proportion of hospital births b. Small proportion of deliveries attended by physicians c. Large proportion of maternal deaths due to hemorrhage d. None of the above

c. Large proportion of maternal deaths due to hemorrhage

The leading cause of maternal death in the Philippines is: a. Abortion b. Infection c. Toxemia of pregnancy d. Hemorrhage

d. Hemorrhage

High risk in maternal mortality are mothers a. Under 15 years or above 45 years b. 17 – 20 years c. 20 – 25 years d. 30 – 35 yers

a. Under 15 years or above 45 years

The most effective method of contraception is: a. IUD b. Pills c. Rhythm method d. Barrier or condoms

b. Pills

This is NOT one of the priority needs of a mother a. Nutrition promotion and growth surveillance b. Control of infectious disease including tetanus c. Maternal care d. Nutrition supplementation

a. Nutrition promotion and growth surveillance

The target group for tetanus toxoid immunization is: a. Women 12-59 years b. Women 15-44 years c. All persons d. All women regardless of age

b. Women 15-44 years

At birth a Filipino baby usually weighs: a. 2000 gms b. 2500 gms c. 3000 gms d. 4000 gms

c. 3000 gms

Prevention of prematurity can be done by: a. Promotion of preconceptional care b. Improvement of obstetrical service 9 c. Improvement of maternal nutrition d. Improvement of prenatal care

d. Improvement of prenatal care

Among the following factors, which has the LEAST influence on the many infants during the first day of life? a. Poor environmental sanitation b. Incompetent attendance at delivery c. Inadequate prenatal care d. Maternal malnutrition

a. Poor environmental sanitation

Chemotherapeutic agents are applied to the eyes of the newborn to prevent a. Juvenile cataract b. Gonorrhea c. Syphilis d. Trachoma

b. Gonorrhea

Long-standing lack of vitamin A is manifested in the form of this ocular lesion: a. Keratomalacia b. Corneal xerosis c. Nyctalopia d. Bitot’s spots

d. Bitot’s spots

If a 6-month old baby is suffering from diarrhea, the following should be told to the mother: a. Stop breast-feeding b. Stop the usual food given c. Give “am” and tea only d. None of these

d. None of these

The role of governmental agencies in solving community health problems is to: a. Identify the problem of the community b. Provide funds for the project c. Provide comparative statistics d. Guide, assist, and facilitates community efforts in meeting its needs

d. Guide, assist, and facilitates community efforts in meeting its needs

In public health, the most frequent problem is scarcity of resources. This can be best met by: a. Transfer of funds b. Compete for national funds c. Allocate resources according to needs d. Increase manpower training

c. Allocate resources according to needs

In writing a research proposal, the formal statement about the most likely outcome of the proposed research falls under: a. Literature review b. Methodology c. Hypothesis d. Objectives

c. Hypothesis

The factors that effect the reliability of an instrument are the following EXCEPT: a. Observer variation b. Lack of precision c. Lack of congruency d. Lack of validity

b. Lack of precision

A control or comparison group is necessary in: a. Descriptive studies b. Prevalence studies c. Cross-sectional studies d. Prospective studies

d. Prospective studies

The importance of reviewing the available literature related to research problem is a. To prevent duplication of work that has been done before b. It may lead to refine the problem definition c. To find out the authors of these works d. To provide good reasons for others to support the proposed research

b. It may lead to refine the problem definition

Among the following demographic characteristics, which does not contribute to high fertility in the Philippines? a. High marriage rate b. Young population c. Increasing life span d. Low median age on marriage

c. Increasing life span

The greatest contributor to population growth in ASIA today is: a. Increased mortality rate b. Increased birth rate c. Decreased birth rate d. Decreased mortality rate

b. Increased birth rate

Life expectancy is lower among the a. Married b. Single c. Young professionals d. Separated / divorced

b. Single

In the choice of a problem for research, which of the following criteria is the LEAST important? a. Availability of technical and logistic support b. Probability of solving the problem by research c. Probability of acceptance for publication d. Useful applicability of the results

c. Probability of acceptance for publication

Because of its inherent weakness, this method is not utilized in the collection of scientific data: a. Census b. Questionnaire method c. Registration method d. Case record method

d. Case record method

The following epidemiologic approach may be utilized when the disease being investigated has not been studied yet in the past: a. Descriptive b. Retrospective c. Cohort prospective d. Experimental

a. Descriptive

This type of study can best demonstrate a cause and effect relationship: a. Experimental study b. Descriptive study c. Analytic study d. Cross-sectional

a. Experimental study

The possibility of cause-effect relationship is difficult to assess in: a. Experimental b. Cross-sectional c. Cohort d. Case-control

b. Cross-sectional

To determine if there is any relationship between oral contraceptive use and chlamydia infection, an investigator selected a sample of 100 women attending a social hygiene clinic. He then measured the predictor and outcome variables by talking a history of oral contraceptive use and sending a cervical swab to the lab for chlamydia culture. The design of this study is: a. Cohort study b. Cross-sectional c. Case control d. Experimental study

b. Cross-sectional

150. What is the first step in the conduct of a clinical trial? a. Clearly and precisely state the reasons for conducting the trial b. Clearly define the criteria for selecting the participants c. Clearly precisely state the objective/s of the trial d. Make a clear statements of facts governing conduct of the trial of the would be participants

a. Clearly and precisely state the reasons for conducting the trial

The observational study in which subjects are sampled based on the presence or absence of a risk factor interest, these subjects are followed over the time for the development of a disease outcome: a. Case control study b. Ecologic study c. Cohort study d. Cross-sectional study

c. Cohort study

An investigator wanted to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure 10 women before and after oral contraceptive use for 3 months. The appropriate statistical test for significance for this study is: a. Analysis of variance b. Chi-square analysis c. Student t-test d. Paired t-test

d. Paired t-test

In chi-square, one would like to demonstrate that a. There is a definite cause-effect association b. There is a significant association among categories c. There is a significant correlation d. The number in the 2 x 2 table are different from one another

d. The number in the 2 x 2 table are different from one another

The objective of data processing is to facilitate a. Statistical analysis b. Termination of research c. Completion of data d. Summarizing of data

a. Statistical analysis

Descriptive statistics include the following EXCEPT: a. specific rate b. measures of dispersion c. graphical representation d. tabular presentation

a. specific rate

The measure that tends to be misleading in the presence of erratic value is a. Mode b. Mean c. Median d. All of the above

c. Median

When distribution is symmetrical, the manner of tendency what should be chosen is: a. Mode b. All of these c. Mean d. Median

c. Mean

Randomization is a procedure used for assignments or allocation of subjects to treatment and control groups is experimental studies. Randomization ensures a. That assignments occurs by chance b. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects expect treatment c. Bias in observation is eliminated d. The placebo effects are eliminated

a. That assignments occurs by chance

When samples are chosen because they are handy and easy this is: a. Simple random sampling b. Systematic sampling c. Haphazard sampling d. Cluster sampling

c. Haphazard sampling

One of these is NOT included in the comprehensive maternal and child health program policies: a. Pregnant women should be given iron tablets during the second and third trimester and throughout the lactation period b. Abnormal pregnancies may be delivered at home by a professionally-trained health worker c. Growth and development of infants and children should be monitored by growth charts and developmental screening devices d. The newborn receive immediate care at birth and breast feeding instituted within 30 minutes after delivery

b. Abnormal pregnancies may be delivered at home by a professionally-trained health worker

Population density is determined by use of two data. One is total population and the other is: a. Age and sex distribution of the community b. Area of the community c. Income of the community d. Resources in the community

b. Area of the community

Population would become younger if: a. Both its crude birth rates and crude death rates remain high b. Its crude birth rates remain high but its crude death rates decline c. Its crude birth rates decline but its crude death rates remain high d. Both its crude rates and death rates decline

b. Its crude birth rates remain high but its crude death rates decline

The population pyramid shows the distribution of a population according to: a. Age and sex b. Inflow-outflow equation c. Fertility d. Percentage of births and deaths

a. Age and sex

The arrangement of the population in space in a given time a. Composition b. Social mobility c. Spatial distribution d. Size

c. Spatial distribution

In childhood poisoning, emesis should NOT be induced if the poison is: a. Barbiturates b. Acetaminophen c. Drain cleaner d. INH

c. Drain cleaner

The following does NOT conform to the 1987 Family Code of the Philippines a. The contracting parties to a marriage maybe of the same gender b. Marriage solemnized by a person not legally authorized to perform marriage are void c. A marriage contracted by any person during the subsistence of a previous marriage shall be null and void d. Mayor can no longer solemnize marriage

a. The contracting parties to a marriage maybe of the same gender

The current priority health problem of the Philippines is: a. Malnutrition b. Communicable disease c. Rapid population growth d. All of the above

b. Communicable disease

The office that is changed with the function of collecting and reporting of vital health statistics is the: a. Bureau of Census and Statistics b. Bureau of Medical Services c. Health Information Service DOH d. Department of Disease Control

a. Bureau of Census and Statistics

This is the measure of mortality which will tell us what the 10 leading causes of death rate are: a. Case fatality rate b. Cause specific death rate c. Infant mortality rate d. Proportionate death rate

b. Cause specific death rate

The purpose of immediate notification of disease is to: a. Study the natural cause of the disease b. Update the statistical data c. Prevent the spread of the disease d. Study the trend of the disease

c. Prevent the spread of the disease

One of the following cancers is NOT associated with occupational exposures: a. Breast CA b. Bladder CA c. Lung CA d. Liver CA

a. Breast CA

The conservation of health in relation to work, the working environment and assurance of work efficiency is: a. Industrial hygiene b. Occupational health c. Occupational medicine d. Industrial medicine

b. Occupational health

Unwanted sound has this physiologic effect on an employee: a. Deafness b. Irritation c. Inefficiency d. Autism

b. Irritation

The primary objective of the practice of medicine according to the Code of Medical Ethics in the Philippines is: a. Be good citizen b. Be a fiend of man c. Be solicitous to patients d. Service to mankind

d. Service to mankind

The following are important roles of a family physician: a. Personal physician to each member of the family b. Manages the collective health problems of the family c. Recognizes the effects of illness upon the other family members d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The family life cycle: a. Depicts the expansion and correction of the family b. Focuses on major events of developments within a single family c. Involves a sequence of stressful changes d. A and B only

d. A and B only

Measures that the family physician can take to reduce the impact illness on the family are as follows: a. Do not include the family in deciding on the care of the sick b. Inform the family of measures important to the success of treatment c. Watch for change in attitude or negative reaction among family d. A and B only e. B and C only

d. A and B only

The Philippine age structure is considered young. It means a. A big percentage of the population is made up of the youth b. More dependents for workers c. People are retiring young d. A and B only e. B and C only

d. A and B only

The major cause of disabilities in developing countries is: a. Inadequate nutrition b. Infectious disease c. Accidents d. A and B

a. Inadequate nutrition

The first contact of the community to the health chain, as defined by the PHC system is the: a. hospital personnel b. village health workers c. intermediate level health d. barangay captain workers

b. village health workers

The following are true for volunteer community health workers, EXCEPT: a. They establish linkage between government and non-government organization b. They are residents of the community c. they are community-based d. they provide only curative care

d. they provide only curative care

When a community shares in the responsibility and participates in defining the health and health-related problems in the community, this is known as: a. intrasectoral linkage b. community participation c. appropriate technology d. intersectoral linkage

b. community participation

Which of the following is NOT included in the essential health service of Primary Health Care? a. immunization against the major infectious diseases b. provision of essential drugs c. provision of safe water and basic sanitation d. appropriate treatment of all existing diseases

d. appropriate treatment of all existing diseases

Which of the following is in line with the principles of Primary Health Care? a. doctors make all the decisions in a community health program b. free clinics are held in the population c. a barangay health council is established to plan, implement and evaluate community program d. hilots are not allowed to attend deliveries

c. a barangay health council is established to plan, implement and evaluate community program

Primary Health Care (PHC) refers to a. the first contact of a patient with a professional health care provider b. a sub-system of the health care delivery system c. a type of health care program designed for communities D. an approach to making health care available and accessible to the population

D. an approach to making health care available and accessible to the population

A health care system that has the greatest impact on the health of a society, while making the best use of its resources, fulfills which of the following values of social accountability? A. Relevance B. Quality C. Cost-effectiveness D. Equity

C. Cost-effectiveness

Parents who are not qualified as legal dependents, indigents or retirees can avail of PhilHeatlth benefits through the: A. Medicare Para Sa Masa B. Individually-paying program C. Sponsored Projects D. Non-paying members

B. Individually-paying program

An important feature of a Community-Based Health Program is: A. preset program objectives B. managed solely by the people’s organization C. people participation in all stages of development D. availability of modern health equipment for community

C. people participation in all stages of development

Factors affecting community reaction: A. Previous exposure B. Chance contact C. Virulence of agent D. Volume of agent

A. Previous exposure

An epidemic occurs due to: A. Absence of an immune barrier B. Inadequacy of therapeutic measures C. Emergence of a new strain of the disease agent D. Migration of a population group

A. Absence of an immune barrier

Considered a missed human reservoir of disease: A. Undiagnosed and therefore unreported case of a disease B. Patient wrongly diagnosed because of inadequate laboratory work-up C. Seek medical consultation D. Correctly diagnosed patient but unreported case

A. Undiagnosed and therefore unreported case of a disease

Increase in life expectancy is mainly due to: A. Decrease in mortality in the younger age groups B. Improvement in health information dissemination C. Better diagnostic facilities D. Discovery of effective drugs

A. Decrease in mortality in the younger age groups

Preventive measures are most effective when applied to a person: A. unaffected B. affected asymptomatic C. affected symptomatic D. without complications

A. unaffected

Mila’s father and mother both have diabetes. She consulted because of polyuria. Which determinant of health is explored in the history? A. Genetic inheritance B. Belief systems C. Social factors D. Nutrition

A. Genetic inheritance

Denotes a non-human carrier of infection’s organisms that can transmit disease directly to humans: A. Vectors B. Rodents C. Plasmodium Sp. D. All of the above

A. Vectors

Step in epidemiological method of investigation include: A. Discovering historical occurrence of diseases B. Formulation of community diagnosis of health and disease C. Estimation of morbidity and mortality rates D. Making critical appraisal of existing information

A. Discovering historical occurrence of diseases

Which statement is TRUE about the Control of Diarrheal disease program? A. Emphasizes home therapy by continued feeding and increase fluid intake B. Aims to eradicate food and water borne diseases C. Targets children under 5 - 7 years old D. Promotes the use of anti-diarrheal drugs as mainstay of treatment

A. Emphasizes home therapy by continued feeding and increase fluid intake

In making objectives for health education, the following is important: A. They are worded in terms of learner behavior B. An affective objective requires hands-on experience C. Evaluation clarifies what need to be strengthened D. Instructor ability is important in planning the learning activity.

A. They are worded in terms of learner behavior

Partnership approach to community health development is among the: A. private sector, government sector and the community B. community and its local government leaders C. international and national agencies D. private and government practitioners

A. private sector, government sector and the community

The first contact of the community to the health chain, as defined by the PHC system is the: A. village health workers B. intermediate level health workers C. hospital personnel D. barangay captain

A. village health workers

The health status of a community may be measured or expressed in terms of: A. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality B. availability of health care services C. availability of public utilities 5 D. utilization of health care services

A. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality

Community planning should start with: A. formation of objectives B. identification of roles and their relationships C. educational analysis D. determination of resources

A. formation of objectives

Identifying and prioritizing health problems is part of this planning process: A. situational analysis B. plan implementation C. plan investigation D. plan formulation

A. situational analysis

Best people to identify and prioritize community health problems: A. community residents B. social workers C. health workers D. consultants

A. community residents

The initial step in planning for the provision of health and medical care services for a community is to: A. define the health problems B. determine the projected budget C. Set the objectives D. Decide on what services to provide

A. define the health problems

The gross domestic product adjusted with the net factor income from the rest of the world: A. Gross National Product B. Gross Value Added C. Gross Domestic Product D. Consumer Price Index

A. Gross National Product

The objectives in the tertiary prevention of non-communicable diseases include the following: A. help the patient function maximally within the restrictions imposed by the disease B. removal of the agent from the environment C. screening D. immunization

A. help the patient function maximally within the restrictions

In computing the cost of illness, the following data are needed: A. Average daily income or wage B. Average days of non-morbid condition C. Average cost of savings D. Number of death

A. Average daily income or wage

Health education involves: A. process of translating knowledge into action B. telling people what to do C. giving lectures about health D. issuing rules and regulations to stop a bad habit

A. process of translating knowledge into action

The primary objective of health education is to: A. improve health practices B. transfer technology to lay personnel C. impart knowledge D. promote health in general

A. improve health practices

Public health services (national and local) must give emphasis on: A. prevention, promotion and maintenance of health B. treatment of diseases C. rehabilitation of the disabled D. provision of emergency and first aid services

A. prevention, promotion and maintenance of health

The role of government agencies in solving community health problems: A. guide, assist and facilitate community efforts in meeting its needs B. identify the problem of the community C. provide funds for the project D. provide comparative statistics

A. guide, assist and facilitate community efforts in meeting its needs

In public health, the most frequent problem of scarcity of resources is best met by: A. allocate resources according to needs B. transfer of funds C. complete for national funds D. increase manpower training

A. allocate resources according to needs

The managerial approach to motivation in health development is: A. to develop a shared responsibility for achieving organizational and individual goals by contributing on the basis of his interest and abilities B. manipulate workers by considerate treatment C. induce workers to perform by giving them high wages D. motivate workers to do overtime work

A. to develop a shared responsibility for achieving organizational and individual goals by contributing on the basis of his interest and abilities

The most effective change in health behavior occurs when: A. the individual incorporates the change into his system of values B. the educator is an attractive figure C. a reward is offered if the change is adopted D. the individual is threatened with punishment if he does not accept the Change

A. the individual incorporates the change into his system of values

Evaluation of a health program is necessary in order to: A. determine if other objectives have been attained B. prematurely stop the program implementation C. allocate available resources to another program D. re-assign health manpower to other worthy programs

A. determine if other objectives have been attained

The basic indicator most often used to reflect the economic health of a country is: A. infant mortality rate B. infant mortality rate C. migration rate D. population density

A. infant mortality rate

The most common type of attendant at birth utilized by Filipino women: A. Hilots B. Midwives C. physicians D. nurses

A. Hilots

Maternal health status of the Philippines is still poor because of the following: A. doctors attend to ¼ of deliveries B. birth rate is relatively low C. maternal death rate is relatively low D. ¾ deliveries are in hospital

A. doctors attend to ¼ of deliveries

In the Philippines, the primary factor to consider in the design of the health care delivery system is: A. prevalent diseases B. population growth C. education of the masses D. nutritional requirement

A. prevalent diseases

Republic Act 7875 is also known as “The National Insurance Act of 1995” covers: A. all Filipino citizens B. private employees only C. government employees only D. unemployed citizens

A. all Filipino citizens

The priority or target group in the National Anti-TB Program as recognized by PHILHEALTH and DOH is: A. sputum positive cases B. sputum negative but with history suggestive of TB C. sputum negative cases but with possible X-ray findings D. sputum negative but with clinical findings suggestive of TB

A. sputum positive cases

This specifically consists of a core list of drugs approved and authorized by the DOH: A. Essential Drug List B. Generic List C. Positive Drug List D. Prohibited Drug List

A. Essential Drug List

By tailored procurement of drug by government, it will make available to its own clientele: A. the best drug at least cost B. the expensive drugs at low cost C. bulk buying D. the cheapest drug

A. the best drug at least cost

DOH Office that is responsible for handling matters pertaining to drugs, laboratories, facility and professional licensing is: A. Standards and regulations B. Management services C. Hospital services D. Public Health services

A. Standards and regulations

DOH’s goal of improving the general health status of the population require: A. Reduce infant/child mortality rate B. Decrease life expectancy C. Increase total fertility rate D. Increase growth rate

A. Reduce infant/child mortality rate

PHILHEALTH Benefits Package includes: A. Normal Spontaneous Delivery of first two (2) births B. Outpatient psychotherapy and counseling for mental disorder C. Drugs and alcohol abuse and dependency treatment D. Home and rehabilitation services

A. Normal Spontaneous Delivery of first two (2) births

The primary aim of decentralization is: A. To increase resource base for primary care, shifting from central to peripheral B. To decrease health center utilization rate C. To give accountability to political authority D. To relegate procurement of drugs and supplies to LGUs

A. To increase resource base for primary care, shifting from central to peripheral

Prevention of cancer recurrence and complications falls under what level of prevention of the DOH Cancer Control Program: A. Tertiary B. Secondary C. Primary D. Primordial

A. Tertiary

True of TB in the Philippines: A. DOTS aims to improve treatment compliance B. More common in age group 60 and over C. Three times more common among females than males D. Remains the # 1 leading cause of mortality in the country

A. DOTS aims to improve treatment compliance

The most effective control measure for Tuberculosis which is prevalent in the Philippines is: A. Mass BCG vaccination B. “Clean Air” Campaign to eliminate pollution C. Massive nutritional correction and support D. Promotion of chemoprophylaxis for contacts/exposed population

A. Mass BCG vaccination

Which of following tops the list of major causes of intestinal parasitism in the Philippines: A. Ascaris Lumbricoides B. Hookworms C. Capillaria Philippinensis D. Trichuris Trichiura

A. Ascaris Lumbricoides

Which of the following has the highest prevalence of all the risk factors to cardiovascular diseases according to the DOH Cardiovascular Protection Program? A. hypertension B . smoking C. obesity D. stress

A. hypertension

In 2003, National Nutrition Survey (FNRI) showed that the prevalence of this vitamin and mineral deficiency remains high for: A. Vitamin A & iodine B. Vitamin B & iron C. Vitamin A & Zinc D. Vitamin D & iodine

A. Vitamin A & iodine

An act instituting a national health insurance program for all Filipinos and establishing the Philippines Health Insurance Corporation. A. Republic Act 7719 B. Republic Act 7875 C. Republic Act 7160 D. Republic Act 6675

B. Republic Act 7875

This is also known as Clean Air Act. A. Republic Act 7277 B. Republic Act 7883 C. Republic Act 8749 D. Republic Act 7600

C. Republic Act 8749

House Bill 618 is also known as: A. National Tobacco Control Act B. Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act C. Generics Act D. National Blood Services Act

A. National Tobacco Control Act

The National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) shall give the highest priority to achieving coverage of the entire population with at least a basic minimum package of health insurance benefits, the guiding principle is: A. Social solidarity B. Equity C. Compulsory coverage D. Universality

D. Universality

Mandates iodization of all food grade salt and making this available to all communities nationwide. A. Republic Act 8423 B. Republic Act 8976 C. Republic Act 8172 D. Republic Act 7876

C. Republic Act 8172

Children were hospitalized after their mother fed them with poisonous mushroom. The mother was unable to differentiate poisonous from nonpoisonous species. How would you assess the Meffect of her action? A. Directly voluntary B. Indirectly voluntary C. Positively voluntary D. Negatively voluntary

B. Indirectly voluntary

A patient who has emphysema finds it difficult to quit smoking. How would you assess the morality of the patient’s action? A. Imperfectly voluntary because of impairment of knowledge B. Imperfectly voluntary because of habit C. Perfectly voluntary act D. An act of man not performed without free will

B. Imperfectly voluntary because of habit

Which among the following is a human act? A. Cheating in class B. Killing by a known schizophrenic C. An accident caused by severely intoxicated person D. Killing of a wife by the husband who caught her in the act of infidelity

A. Cheating in class

A superior officer not stopping an evil act of a lower rank officer despite knowledge of the same is _________. A. Equally guilty as that of the lower rank officer B. Not guilty of the act C. Guilty but of a lesser degree D. Not morally accountable

A. Equally guilty as that of the lower rank officer

Withdrawing food and water in a progressively deteriorating Alzheimer disease patient. Which principle is being violated? A. Beneficence B. Non-maleficence C. Autonomy D. Justice

B. Non-maleficence

Which among the following situations is ethical? A. An HIV positive patient continues to engage in unprotected sex. B. Commercial sex workers are mandated to undergo regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS. C. Donating blood for a fee D. The owner of an establishment is doing a research on smoking. He asked all his employees to be part of the study.

B. Commercial sex workers are mandated to undergo regular screening for sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS.

A 75-y/o diabetic patient with gangrenous foot refused to be amputated knowing all the risks and benefits. She said she is too old to live without a leg. The doctor agreed. What is your ethical evaluation of the doctor’s decision? A. Right. Patient’s autonomy is respected. B. Wrong. There’s harm to the patient. C. Right. Patient accepted an additional burden. D. Wrong. Patient’s ability to decide is questionable.

A. Right. Patient’s autonomy is respected.

A patient told his doctor that he do whatever is best for him. This is not a violation of the principle of autonomy because of the following reason: A. Accepts an additional burden B. Gives up what is due C. Delegate authority D. Looses right to what is due

C. Delegate authority

Principle that emphasizes the freedom to have children A. Autonomy B. Inviolability of life C. Beneficence D. Stewardship

B. Inviolability of life

The principle of beneficence means A. To do good B. To do good at all times C. To do good without any harm D. To do good with minimal harm

D. To do good with minimal harm

The following are true EXCEPT A. Truth telling of harm overrides confidentiality B. In emergency situation informed consent can be waived C. Unplugging of life-sustaining machines is justifiable if and when they are no longer useful to the dying person D. Clinical research need not involve animal experimentation

D. Clinical research need not involve animal experimentation

A 70-y/o quadriplegic patient (paralyzed in all 4 limbs) following repeated strokes requests that no resuscitation be performed if he goes into cardiac arrest. The following would justify a Do Not Resuscitate order EXCEPT A. Resuscitation will cause serious physical and emotional burden B. Resuscitation is against patient’s autonomous wish C. Resuscitation is extraordinary means D. Resuscitation is proportionate means

D. Resuscitation is proportionate means

The principle of totality is the governing principle in the following situation: 14 A. Plastic surgery and mutilation with due cause B. Voluntary organ donation C. Confinement of mentally against their will D. Conflict of interest

A. Plastic surgery and mutilation with due cause

Hospitals cannot be held liable for patients who go home against medical advice because patient A. Gave up what is due B. Lost right to what is due C. Accepted an additional burden D. Delegated authority

B. Lost right to what is due

A patient in the ward has renal failure. As a junior intern assigned to monitor the patient, you noticed that his ‘medication is being given in toxic dose. Which virtue is needed in this situation? A. Integrity B. Courage C. Respect D. Honesty

B. Courage

Which among the following situations is a nonviolation of the principle of justice? A. Kidneys for transplant are scarce. You decided to buy from indigent patients. B. Allocating more of the government funds to kidney transplant program than to the free immunization program for children under six C. Following a typhoon, health care is given to the victim who will die without an aid D. Compulsory tubal ligation in government hospital

C. Following a typhoon, health care is given to the victim who will die without an aid

Which among the following patients vying for one available respirator would gain the most from using the respirator? A. Trauma victim with severe brain damage. Only few brainstem functions remain. He is unlikely to recover. B. Patient with infection of the nervous system that rendered him paralyzed from the trunk down. He is, however, progressively improving and is expected to recover. C. Patient with complete and irreversible spinal injury that has left her paralyzed from the neck down. She is able to talk but totally dependent on the respirator. D. Cancer patient undergoing palliative treatment

B. Patient with infection of the nervous system that rendered him paralyzed from the trunk down. He is, however, progressively improving and is expected to recover.

A poor patient needing care agrees to enroll in a research study so as to be admitted in the hospital for free treatment of his medical problem. Was an informed consent obtained in this case? A. Yes. Information is understood by subject. No evidence of constraint on subject’s voluntariness. B. No. Lack of competence C. No. Questionable voluntariness due to subject’s personal circumstance. D. No. Probable incomplete disclosure and deception.

C. No. Questionable voluntariness due to subject’s personal circumstance.

An employee was discovered to be sick during the annual physical examination sponsored by the company. His health would adversely be affected if he continues with his job. He pleads not to tell his employer. What should the physician do? A. Maintain confidentiality at all times B. Break confidentiality for the best interest of the patient C. Break confidentiality for the best interest of innocent third party D. Wait and observe

B. Break confidentiality for the best interest of the patient

Which among the following is NOT a condition to stop treatment in a dying patient? A. Life is preserved by ordinary means B. Patient and/or family consents C. Irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent D. Treatment will not prolong life for any significant time

A. Life is preserved by ordinary means

The type of domestic violence, which is considered to be the most common of elder mistreatment, is called A. Physical abuse B. Material exploitation C. Caregiver neglect D. Emotional abuse

D. Emotional abuse

An elderly patient was noted to have hematoma in the legs. Upon probing, patient claimed he fell from the bed. Caregiver was hesitant to bring him to the hospital for medical management. What will you do? A. Report to authorities B. Perform home safety assessment C. Expand social services D. Assess family functioning

D. Assess family functioning

Given a patient who is a victim of partner abuse, the following may be done EXCEPT A. Draw a safety plan B. Do couple counseling C. Refer to mental health professional D. Refer to women’s desk

B. Do couple counseling

In cases of sexual assault, the following is recommended: A. Collect clothing and place in plastic bag B. Do a urine pregnancy test C. Give empiric antibiotic treatment for STD D. Insert IUD within 24 hours to prevent pregnancy

C. Give empiric antibiotic treatment for STD

Tertiary prevention for those who are victims of violence includes A. Screen for possible violence B. Provide appropriate medical care C. Inform women of their rights D. Refer to local support group and shelter

D. Refer to local support group and shelter

Family, as a group of people, is defined in various ways. Which among the following description runs common among the various definitions? A. Related by blood or marriage B. Related by strong affection C. Comprises a permanent household D. Changes through time

C. Comprises a permanent household

Tom and Tina have been living with their aunt and grandmother since their parents went abroad to work as nurses. What is the type of family structure? A. Nuclear B. Extended C. Single-parent D. Communal

C. Single-parent

As parents, Jim and Lora make sure that they spend quality time with their children. They play and do things together with them. What function of the family do they perform? A. Biologic B. Psychologic C. Educational D. Socio-cultural

B. Psychologic

John and Marsha is a family with four children aged 16, 10, 6 and 4. Both husband and wife are in their mid-forties. What second order changes can be anticipated in their family life cycle stage? A. Taking on parenting role B. Sharing responsibilities with extended family C. Focusing on marital and career issues D. Keeping communication system open

C. Focusing on marital and career issues

Linda was diagnosed with myoma last 2004. Recently, she developed vaginal bleeding. She was told she needs to undergo hysterectomy. She was subsequently observed to be crying and socially withdrawn. Identify the stage in the illness trajectory. A. Reaction to diagnosis B. Major therapeutic efforts C. Early adjustment to outcome D. Adjustment to permanency of outcome

B. Major therapeutic efforts

Which among the following statements is NOT true? A. For every disease, there is a corresponding impact of illness. B. For illness with acute onset, the family is more prone to a crisis situation. C. For stages 2 & 5 of the illness trajectory, the family will go through the same process of denial, anger, and depression. D. For chronic illness, the family is less prone to stress due to coping through time.

D. For chronic illness, the family is less prone to stress due to coping through time.

Mrs. D began having difficulty remembering things, missing at time of work, and appearing in public in an untidy state at age of 64 years. Mrs. D was brought to a doctor for consult and was diagnosed to have Alzheimer’s disease. Because Mrs. D’s condition seemed to progress rapidly, the attending physician did a home visit. When he arrived, she found Mrs. D unkempt, bedridden and has lost weight. 16 The daughter who lives with her complained of exhaustion and of getting very little help from her siblings. In assessing the condition of the index patient and the family, the doctor made use of several tools. Which among the following tools and their corresponding indication for use is NOT correct? A. APGAR – assess familial resources B. Genogram – identify alternate caregivers C. SCREEM – assess capacity of family to participate in health care D. Family map – describe family dynamics

A. APGAR – assess familial resources

A 42-y/o woman, married with 2 daughters from Masbate revealed a 2-yr. history of breast mass. Physical examination showed a cachectic patient with unilateral multiple beast mass with foul smelling discharge. The patient sought consult with faith healers in their hometown. Her family and relatives firmly believe that it was due to “barang” (witchcraft). She was brought to Manila to consult with another faith healer. She refused to see a doctor, as it would render ineffective the treatment being done to her by the faith healer. Deep in her heart she has given up hope for cure. For a doctor to understand the health beliefs and practices of the family and the index patient, what tool in family assessment should be used? A. Clinical Biographies B. Family Circle C. Ecomap D. SCREEM

D. SCREEM

In evaluating the potential crisis once the patient dies, which among the following would help evaluate the degree of disruption in the function of the family? A. Family stressor B. Family developmental stage C. Family role D. Family coping history

C. Family role

What would consists tertiary level of prevention for the family? A. Hospice care B. Counseling C. Health education D. Breast examination

A. Hospice care

It is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods of technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community and through their full participation and a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self reliance and self determination. A. Primary Health Care B. Primary Care C. Secondary Care D. Tertiary Care

A. Primary Health Care

An evaluation or appraisal of present conditions and existing resources is A. Planning B. Assessment C. Situational analysis D. Implementation

C. Situational analysis

Demographic factors in planning includes description of A. Existing health services B. Working health systems C. Socio-economic-environmental conditions D. Age-gender composition and distribution

D. Age-gender composition and distribution

Health status evaluation includes the following, except A. Infant mortality rate B. Hospital services utilization C. All of the above D. None of the above

D. None of the above

A gap between what is and what should be A. Idea B. Problem C. Priority D. Condition

B. Problem

In the Primary Health Care approach, focus group discussion and community assembly are strategies for: A. Appropriate technology B. Networking and linkages C. Establishing support groups D. Community participation

D. Community participation

Working together with the people, learning their language and eventually establishing a herbal-medicinal garden for people consumption is an example of A. Establishing support groups B. Appropriate technology C. Networking and linkages D. Community participation

B. Appropriate technology

An example of establishing support groups for program continuity A. Committing civic, religious, non-government organizations to actively participate B. Putting up a Botika sa Barangay with the help of the Municipal council C. Creation of an organization of asthmatic patients in the early identification and proper referral of asthmatics D. Consultative meetings with community leaders for the creation of latrines in certain areas

C. Creation of an organization of asthmatic patients in the early identification and proper referral of asthmatics

Among the list, the program that would benefit the greatest number of people: A. Provision of food and drugs B. Accessibility to safe water C. Health education D. Proper waste collection and disposal

B. Accessibility to safe water

In the course of implementation, when the quality of service is not at par, management should: A. Review established standards B. Reprimand staff concerned C. Measure difference in output D. Modify activities/objectives

D. Modify activities/objectives

During an evaluation procedure, complaints against nurses have been recorded and analyzed. In making decisions, management should be reminded of: A. Error of practical significance B. Statistical data as evidence based materials C. Opinions of co-managers and staff D. Generalization based on records at hand

A. Error of practical significance

Epidemiology can be defined as the study of: A. The etiology of disease in humans B. The frequency of causes of death in humans C. The determinants of frequency pf disease in humans D. The distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in human populations

D. The distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in human populations

The time interval between entry of an infectious agent into a host and the onset symptoms is called A. The communicable period B. The incubation period C. The preinfectious period D. The noncontagious period

B. The incubation period

Primary prevention may be best undertaken during the period of: A. Pre-pathogenesis B. Pathogenesis C. Resolution or sequelae D. Any of the above

A. Pre-pathogenesis

In the study of the cause of a disease, the essential difference between an experimental study and an observational study is that in the experimental investigation A. The study is prospective B. The study and control groups are of equal size C. The study and control groups are selected on the basis of history of exposure to the suspected risk factor D. The investigators apply an intervention to influence the outcome of the study, for effective methods of treatment, prevention, or clinical management

D. The investigators apply an intervention to influence the outcome of the study, for effective methods of treatment, prevention, or clinical management

The occurrence of a group of illnesses of similar nature at a rate above the expected number is called: A. Hyperendemic B. Epidemic C. Endemic D. Pandemic

B. Epidemic

To determine whether maternal deficiency of folate is a cause of congenital defects of the neural tube, the mothers of 100 newborns with congenital neural tube defects and 200 newborns without congenital neural tube defects were questioned about intake of multivitamins and folate during pregnancy. What type of study is this? A. Clinical trial B. Cross-sectional C. Cohort D. Case-control

D. Case-control

A study revealed an odds ratio of 3.35 (95 % Confidence Interval= 1.35-8.42) associated with maternal deficiency of folate. If the study described is accurate, which of the following statements is true? A. Results suggest that a baby whose mother had folate deficiency is about 3.35 times as likely to be born with congenital defects of the neural tube as a baby whose mother did not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05). B. Results suggest that the odds of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 as compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05). C. Results suggest that the risk of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 times as compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05). D. The results provide no evidence that maternal deficiency of folate is associated with congenital defects of the neural tube in the offspring.

A. Results suggest that a baby whose mother had folate deficiency is about 3.35 times as likely to be born with congenital defects of the neural tube as a baby whose mother did not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).

Lou Stewells, a pioneer in the study of diarrheal disease, has developed a new diagnostic test for cholera. When his agent is added to the stools, the organisms develop a characteristic ring around them (He calls it the “Ring-Around-the Cholera” [RAC] test). He performs the test on 100 patients known to have cholera and 100 patients known not to have cholera with the following results: Test Cholera No Cholera (+) RAC test 91 12 (-) RAC test 9 88 Total 100 100 The sensitivity of RAC test A. 91/[91+9] x100%= 91% B. 88/[9+88]x100%= 91% C. 91/[91+12]x100%= 88% D. 88/[12+88]x100%= 88%

A. 91/[91+9] x100%= 91%

The incriminated food item is most likely to be: A. Hamburger B. Potatoes C. Ice cream D. Chicken

D. Chicken

The number of deaths from a given cause in a specified time period divided by the total deaths in the same time period is: A. Crude death rate B. Indirect death rate C. Case fatality rate D. Proportionate mortality rate

D. Proportionate mortality rate

If the infant mortality of a community 68/1000 live births. This means: A. 68 out of every 1000 babies born alive died during infancy B. 68 babies died before reaching their first birthday C. 68 out of 1000 persons in that community were infant deaths D. 68% of all deaths were infants

A. 68 out of every 1000 babies born alive died during infancy

The best source of data or distribution according to age, sex and geographical location is: A. Reports of occurrence of notifiable diseases B. Birth certificate C. Census D. Registries of certain disease

C. Census

Approval of research proposals using human subjects is done by: A. Department chairman B. Research Committee C. Institutional review board D. PRC

C. Institutional review board

Which of the following sampling method is appropriate when a population is not widely spread geographically: A. Random B. Multi-stage C. Stratified D. Systematic

A. Random

In public health, the rate that are used to measure illness is known as: A. Morbidity rate B. Natality rate C. Mortality rate D. Specific rate

A. Morbidity rate

Which among the following measures fertility: A. Sex ratio B. Crude birth rate C. Maternal mortality rate D. Life expectancy

B. Crude birth rate

In the absence of an attending doctor at death, the responsibility of signing the death certificate goes to: A. Closest of kin B. Nurses C. Local Health Officer D. Midwife

C. Local Health Officer

Objectives of the research tell: A. What variables are being considered B. The affirmation of the hypothesis formulated C. When the biostatistician must come in D. How much funds to request

A. What variables are being considered

The part which tells the reader what the different parts of the diagram stand for is called: A. Source B. Title C. Legend D. Footnote

C. Legend

The research design is essentially: A. What the researcher will do to answer the research questions B. How the research will collect the data C. Both D. Neither

C. Both

The index that measures the killing power of a disease is: A. Prevalence rate B. Case fatality rate C. Infant mortality rate D. Swaroop’s index

B. Case fatality rate

In a small sample in which an immediate knowledge of variation is needed, the measure used is: A. Standard Deviation B. Range C. Variance D. Quartile deviation

B. Range

Specifying the kind of subjects best suited to the research question and where to recruit them, is the process of: A. Exclusion criteria B. Sampling C. Randomization D. Selection criteria

D. Selection criteria

The purpose of blinding in data collection is to achieve: A. Accuracy B. Validity C. Precision D. Objectivity

D. Objectivity

The population pyramid shows the distribution of a population according to: A. Age and sex B. Inflow-outflow equation C. Fertility D. Percentage of births and deaths

A. Age and sex

The computed collective characteristics derived from the entire population are called: A. Variables B. Statistic C. Parameters D. Indicators

C. Parameters

The probability that a person has the disease given a positive test result is: A. Negative predictive value of the test B. Sensitivity of the test C. Specificity of the test D. Positive predictive value of the test

D. Positive predictive value of the test

The disease or condition which directly caused the death of a patient is: A. Immediate cause B. Underlying cause C. Intervening, antecedent cause D. None of the above

A. Immediate cause

Confidence limits are calculated using: A. The mean and its standard error B. The mean and the range C. The median and its standard error D. The mean and the range

A. The mean and its standard error

Randomization is a procedure used for assignments or allocation of subjects to treatment and control groups in experimental studies. Randomization ensures: A. That placebo effects all eliminated B. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects except treatment C. That observation is eliminated D. That assignment occurs by chance

B. That treatment and control groups are alike in all respects except treatment

Post-neonatal mortality has been closely linked to: A. Environmental factors B. Maternal health prior to pregnancy C. Events during delivery D. Maternal health during pregnancy

A. Environmental factors

The branch of science that counts, measures and numerically states fact is: A. Demography B. Medical statistics C. Statistics D. Health statistics

C. Statistics

This is the measure of mortality which will tell us what the 10 leading causes of death rate are: A. Case fatality rate B. Cause specific death rate C. Infant mortality rate D. Proportionate death rate

B. Cause specific death rate

The administrator of a day care center reports that a child under his care has just been diagnosed as having meningitis. He is concerned about the other children in the center and wants to know what to do. Which of the following must be known in order that recommendation can be made? A. Number of children in the center B. Prevalence of meningitis in the community C. Age range of the children D. Number of employees in the center

A. Number of children in the center

Vaccine Preventable diseases, EXCEPT: A. Hepatitis B B. Tuberculosis C. Diphtheria D. Filariasis

D. Filariasis

The most common cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the 86 country is: A. Lung B. Breast C. Liver D. Colo-rectal

A. Lung

Mosquito-borne disease/s, EXCEPT: A. Malaria B. Dengue C. Tuberculosis D. Filariasis

C. Tuberculosis

Food-borne and water-borne disease/s, EXCEPT: A. Typhoid B. Dengue C. Hepatitis A D. Cholera

B. Dengue

Based on IMCI recommendation, a child with pneumonia or dysentery should return for follow up in: A. 2 days B. 5 days C. 14 days D. 30 days

A. 2 days

If a child is seen with pus draining from the ear and discharge is reported for less than 14 days or with ear pain, diagnosis is likely: A. Mastoiditis B. Acute ear infection C. Chronic ear infection D. No ear infection

B. Acute ear infection

A child having diarrhea was noted to be irritable with sunken eyes and slow return of skin pinch is classified as: A. No dehydration B. Some dehydration C. Severe dehydration D. Very severe dehydration

B. Some dehydration

An approach whose aim is to improve the performance of the health service delivery system I order to better meet people’s needs, consistent with the basic values of quality, equity, relevance and cost-effectiveness. A. Primary Health Care B. Towards Unity For Health C. Devolution D. Decentralization

B. Towards Unity For Health

Recommended initial work up when suspecting PTB: A. Chest X-ay B. PPD C. Sputum AFB D. Culture

C. Sputum AFB

Suspended solid particles which are generated by condensation from gaseous 39 state, generally after volatilization from molten metals: A. Gases B. Fumes C. Mists D. Dust

B. Fumes

The most important parameter of drinking water quality is: A. Bacteriological B. Chemical C. Physical D. Organic constituents

A. Bacteriological

Minimata disease is due to: A. Fluoride B. Lead C. Arsenic D. Mercury

D. Mercury

A measure to terminate existence of a hazard through destruction with the aid of physical, chemical or biological agent: A. Treatment B. Shielding C. Isolation D. Substitution

A. Treatment

Adequate emergency exit is a provision of: A. fundamental physiologic needs B. fundamental psychologic needs C. protection against contagion D. protection against accidents

D. protection against accidents

Which of the following is a fundamental psychologic needs of man that has to be met by a standard house A. protection from excessive noise B. provision of adequate space C. provision of adequate privacy D. provision of unpolluted environment

C. provision of adequate privacy

Which of the following is considered a special dwelling unit? A. Hotel/Motel B. Inn C. Seminaries D. Dormitories

C. Seminaries

Which of the following is the considered a most valuable component of refuse? A. fruit peels B. tin can C. paper D. cardboard

A. fruit peels

For urban areas, the most ideal waste disposal system is. A. sanitary pit privy B. septic tank system C. sewerage system D. pour-lush latrine

C. sewerage system

Which of the belongs to the Category II waste disposal unit? A. Cistern flush toilet connected to a sewerage system B. Pour-flush latrine C. Bucket latrine D. Bored hole latrine

B. Pour-flush latrine

The most common cardiovascular disease that affect Filipinos is A. Rheumatic Heart disease B. CVA/Stroke C. Ischemic Heart disease D. Hypertensive Heart disease

C. Ischemic Heart disease

An exercise program to be effective, an optimal level of intensity must be achieved. This is measured in terms of the: A. capacity to push himself to the limits B. maximum heart rate for age C. ability to endure pain D. threshold for exhaustion

B. maximum heart rate for age

Which of the following anthropometric measurements is the best indicator of current or recent malnutrition? A. weight for age B. height for age C. weight for height for age D. body mass index

C. weight for height for age

A short-term solution to micronutrient deficiency disorders is: A. food fortification B. supplementation C. tri-media nutrition education D. community food production

B. supplementation

Which of the following will not be achieved by a totally successful Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN)? A. Full fortification of selected Philippine made food items with vitamin A , Iodine, and Iron B. Complete compliance and adoption of the Filipino family to desirable food and feeding practices C. Eradication of all causes of malnutrition in the Philippines D. Assurance of food supply adequacy with augmentation from home and community food production

C. Eradication of all causes of malnutrition in the Philippines

It is only the female Anopheles mosquito which is involved in the development of Plasmodium specie because A. there are no male Anopheles mosquitoes B. female mosquitoes need a blood meal before they can produce eggs C. male Anopheles have no proboscis D. only the female mosquitoes are attracted to human blood

B. female mosquitoes need a blood meal before they can produce eggs

The natural mode of transmission of malaria is by A. co-natal transfusion B. contaminated needles C. inoculation of sporozoites through the mosquito bites D. blood transfusion

C. inoculation of sporozoites through the mosquito bites

How many provinces in the country are endemic for malaria? A. 65 of the 78 provinces B. 40 of the 78 provinces C. 12 of the 78 provinces D. 8 of the 78 provinces

A. 65 of the 78 provinces

The Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) of the government is aimed at reducing the Infant Mortality and Morbidity by decreasing the prevalence of A. tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis A B. tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B C. tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, german measles, polio, hepatitis B D. tuberculosis, diphtheria, polio, measles, hepatitis A, tetanus, hepatitis B

B. tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, hepatitis B

Which of the following is included in the “extended family”? A. Sister-in-law B. Step-parents C. illegitimate child D. Foster children

A. Sister-in-law

Which of the following “Stage Critical Tasks” will a “Long Term Marriage” encounter? A. Differentiation from family of origin B. Renegotiating relationship C. Maintaining couple functioning D. Renewing marriage commitment

C. Maintaining couple functioning

Which of the following family is much more closely knit? A. upper class B. lower class C. lower class D. lowest class

A. upper class

A child experience conflict with practices in the home and school regulations is at what “Stage of Family Life Cycle”? A. The Launching family B. The Family with young children C. The Newly Married Couple D. The Family with adolescent

B. The Family with young children

Extension of Coverage of NHIP members includes which of the following A. working mother B. 22 years high school student C. 40 years old congenital cerebral palsy patient D. 63 years old active Police officer

A. working mother B. 22 years high school student D. 63 years old active Police officer

Which of the following surgical procedures has the highest RVU? A. Ruptured appendix w/ abscess or generalized peritonitis B. Cholecystectomy w/ exploration of common duct C. Dilation and curettage D. T.A.H. B. S. O

B. Cholecystectomy w/ exploration of common duct

Which of the following is a case of NHIP Benefits forfeiture A. Vehicular accident patient confinement in a non-accredited hospitals B. Patient died within the first 24 hours C. Patient was transferred to a better equipped hospital before the first 24 hours of confinement D. Patient was discharge within the first 24 hours of confinement by an accredited hospital

D. Patient was discharge within the first 24 hours of confinement by an accredited hospital

One of the responsibilities of the Occupational Medicine Practitioner is to administer: A. Periodic examination exclusively done for high risk groups B. Pre placement examination exclusively done for high risk groups C. Special examination exclusively done for high risk groups D. Efficient record keeping exclusively done for high risk groups

C. Special examination exclusively done for high risk groups

Which of the following is considered an Occupational Disease? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Hypertension C. Acid peptic disease D. Pneumoconiosis

D. Pneumoconiosis

Which of the following is an intrinsic factor in occupational disease causation ? A. social customs B. socio-economic class C. organizational set up D. disease agents

B. socio-economic class

Which branch of statistics are you using when you compute for the average age of a sample of 100 medical students? A. descriptive statistics B. inferential statistics C. estimation of parameter D. hypothesis testing

A. descriptive statistics

An advantage of using secondary data is that: A. data are usually complete. B. accuracy of data is assured. C. relevance of data is not usually a problem. D. data are often available and accessible

D. data are often available and accessible

A City Health Officer was notified of 10 cases of what seemed to be like Dengue fever. He wanted to determine if this was a beginning epidemic. Where can he get information on additional cases, if any? A. registries of diseases B. reports of notifiable diseases C. hospital records D. community clinic records

B. reports of notifiable diseases

An attribute of statistical data which reflects the consistency of data when more than one observation is done is: A. sensitivity B. specificity C. validity D. precision

D. precision

The ability of a diagnostic test to produce results closest to the true value of the measurement is called: A. sensitivity B. predictability C. validity D. precision

C. validity

The normal distribution or Gaussian curve is described as having the following characteristic: A. mean is zero B. probability of 0.05 C. standard deviation of +/- 1 D. mean, median and mode are equal

D. mean, median and mode are equal

The area under the normal distribution curve representing observations that lie between  2 standard deviations from their mean is equal to A. 68.50% B. 90.5% C. 95.00% D. 99.70%

C. 95.00%

For a distribution that is skewed to the left, the mean would be: A. at the same position as the median B. to the left of the median C. to the right of the median D. equal to the mode

B. to the left of the median

If the probability that a particular event (A) will occur depends on or is influenced by the prior occurrence of another event (B), that probability is called A. a piori probability B. empirical probability C. conditional probability D. complementary probability

C. conditional probability

Which of the following is a nominal variable? A. nutritional status B. outcome of illness C. serum glucose level D. body temperature

B. outcome of illness

The rationale for the use of the Yate’s correction factor to offset the “no expected values less than 5” is to A. make the chi-square value smaller B. make the p-value smaller C. make the difference between the observed and expected values smaller D. make the confidence interval smaller

C. make the difference between the observed and expected values smaller

In a 3 x 4 contingency table, the degree of freedom is A. 2 B. 6 C. 7 D. 12

B. 6

At the conventional level of significance, an observed difference between 2 proportions is considered significant if: A. p-value is < 0.05 B. z-value is > 5 C. chi-square value is >2 D. confidence interval is > 2SD

A. p-value is < 0.05

Which of the following is used to show probable relationship between two quantitative variables? A. Component bar diagram B. Scatterpoint diagram C. Bar graph D. Pictogram

B. Scatterpoint diagram

Which of the following is an alternative to the pie chart? A. Bar graph B. Component bar diagram C. Frequency Polygon D. Histogram

B. Component bar diagram

Which of the following is used to portray absolute or relative frequencies, population rates, or other numerical measurement across the categories of a qualitative or a discrete quantitative variable? A. Bar graph B. Line Diagram C. Frequency polygon D. Histogram

A. Bar graph

Which type of data presentation is appropriate if the intention is to show detailed information? A. Textular presentation B. Tabular presentation C. Graphical presentation D. All of the above

B. Tabular presentation

Which of the following is/are requirement/s for Questionnaire A. it should have sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value B. respondents are not expected to know all the answer to the questions C. should be ambiguous D. fairly offensive

A. it should have sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value

Secondary data are collected by which of the following methods of data collection? A. review of literature/documents B. survey C. inquiry D. observation

A. review of literature/documents

Chronologically, which of the following steps in Questionnaire Preparation should be last? A. List the variables to be measured B. Pretest the questionnaire C. Prepare the draft of the question D. Make necessary modification

D. Make necessary modification

If death occurred within the jurisdiction of the Philippines but the exact place of it’s occurrence cannot be determined, the death shall be registered in the office of the local civil registrar of A. place of burial upon the presentation of a certificate B. victim’s last known address upon the presentation of a certificate C. birthplace of the victim upon the presentation of a certificate D. none of the above

A. place of burial upon the presentation of a certificate

Which of the following should be accomplished if a less than 7 months fetus dies 24 hours after birth? A. birth certificate only B. death certificate only C. both birth and death certificates D. both birth and death certificates marked for Statistical Purposes Only

C. both birth and death certificates

The process of obtaining a sample where the probability of inclusion of a unit is not known specified is observed in which of the following sampling methods? A. Simple Random sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Stratified Sampling D. Quota sampling

D. Quota sampling

Importance of appropriate determination of sample size include/s: A. the expense ,time and work is increased B. the feasibility of the study in terms of availability of the subject is assured C. the duration of study and estimate of the budget can be extended beyond the estimates. D. the precision of the study is diminished

B. the feasibility of the study in terms of availability of the subject is assured

An investigator wants to undertake a study involving the incidence of drug abuse among Filipinos, which of the following methods is the most appropriate sampling method to be used? A. Simple Random Sampling B. Stratified Sampling C. Systematic Sampling D. Multistage Sampling

D. Multistage Sampling

Living disease agents that readily die outside the human host require for their successful transmission requires: A. an intermediate host B. a vector C. a common vehicle D. the most direct contact

D. the most direct contact

Herd immunity depends on the following factors A. degree to which an affected individual is capable of transmitting the infection B. the length of time during which an individual is infectious C. size and social behaviour of the community D. all of the above

C. size and social behaviour of the community

Characteristics of passive immunity A. it is temporary B. it usually lasts 6 months in the newborn C. it protects an individual for life D. A and B

D. A and B

It is the first stage in the natural history of disease wherein disease has not yet developed although the groundwork has been laid through the presence of factors that favor its occurrence A. Prepathogenesis B. Early Pathogenesis C. Early clinical stage D. Late clinical stage

A. Prepathogenesis

The level of prevention that is aimed at intervening before pathological changes have begun during the natural history stage of susceptibility A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. none of the above

A. Primary prevention

A pattern of disease occurrence in a community where the greater proportion of the cases are subclinical illustrates the A. Interference phenomenon B. Iceberg phenomenon C. Berksonian bias D. Pearl’s fallacy

B. Iceberg phenomenon

Certain diseases that do not confer immunity affect all age groups but the incidence rates are generally among the very young and the very old because A. they generally are more exposed to such diseases B. they generally have lower general resistance C. they have had no experience with such diseases D. immunization protects them from acquiring the disease

B. they generally have lower general resistance

Diseases which confers long lasting immunity are highest at A. younger age groups B. middle age groups C. older age groups D. very young and very old age groups

A. younger age groups

The most important personal variable related to disease occurrence is A. age B. sex C. marital status D. socio-economic status

A. age

Death rates are higher for males than females throughout life and this may be due to the following A. sex-linked inheritance B. environment C. differences in hormonal balance D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The M:F ratio for Acute Myocardial Infarction mortality declines by age 40 because A. females lost the protective hormones B. females live longer C. more females than males by this age and after D. females seek medical care more than the males

A. females lost the protective hormones

The most direct measure of socio-economic status A. occupation B. family size C. family income D. area of residence

C. family income

Observed differences in disease frequency can be due to errors of measurement in which of the following? A. differences in access to medical care B. differences in precision of diagnosis C. physiologic differences D. A and B only

D. A and B only

In which particular situation will you suspect the disease to be a “place” disease? A. The disease has a high occurrence in the native inhabitants but not among the immigrants. B. The disease has a high occurrence in both the native inhabitants and the migrants to the place. C. The disease will continue to have a high occurrence among the offspring of the native inhabitants who have migrated out of the area. D. The disease has a low occurrence among the native inhabitants and a high occurrence among the migrants

B. The disease has a high occurrence in both the native inhabitants and the migrants to the place.

In the Philippines, generally, variation in mortality rates between the cities and the provinces are due to differences in: A. genetic susceptibility of the populations B. exposure to the risk factors C. availability and accessibility of medical care D. accuracy and completeness of diagnosis and reporting

C. availability and accessibility of medical care

Which of the following can best explain the higher occurrence of breast cancer among the second generation Chinese, Japanese and Mexican migrants than the first generation migrants? A. The second generation migrants lost the protection provided by their genetic make-up. B. The first generation migrants partly retained their traditional habits and practices. C. The second generation migrants were exposed to the risk factors for a longer period of time. D. Breast cancer has a long latency period and therefore, would be expressed more in the second generation migrants

C. The second generation migrants were exposed to the risk factors for a longer period of time.

High herd resistance to an infectious disease limits the occurrence of the disease in a community because: A. It prevents exposure of the population to the disease. B. It blocks the transmission of the disease. C. It shortens the transmission time. D. It reduces the chances of death among the cases.

B. It blocks the transmission of the disease.

Changes in disease frequency usually encompassing several decades are referred to as: A. Periodic trends B. secular trends C. cyclic intrinsic variations D. cyclic extrinsic fluctuations

B. secular trends

If the line graph of mortality of a particular disease showed an abrupt dip or decrease, this would most likely be due to: A. an increase in herd resistance of the population B. an improvement in diagnostic procedures C. an improvement in treatment modalities D. altered procedures in assigning causes of death

C. an improvement in treatment modalities

Higher patterns of non-infectious diseases during certain seasons are probably due to A. accumulation of susceptibles B. change in the climate facilitating multiplication of disease agent C. change in climate modifying human activities E. change in disease reporting

C. change in climate modifying human activities

A Case-report is commonly done for A. statistical and registration purposes B. legal purposes C. documenting an interesting medical oddity D. generating hypothesis

C. documenting an interesting medical oddity

Which type of study determines/measures both the exposure or factor and the effect or outcome at the same time? A. Case-report study B. Case-series study C. Cross-sectional study D. Ecological study

C. Cross-sectional study

Which of the following study is appropriate if an investigator wants to compare the 2 and 5 years survival rates of leukemia if the subjects are randomly given a certain drug X? A. Case Series studies B. Cohort studies C. Case Control studies D. Experimental studies

D. Experimental studies

Which of the following is most appropriate if the objective of the study is to determine if hypotension increases the chance of fatal outcome in MI patients A. Case Series studies B. Cohort studies C. Case Control studies D. Experimental studies

B. Cohort studies

The initial step in the analysis of data in case-control studies is A. determination of the scale of measurement B. assessment of the factor C. computation of the indicators D. assessment of causality

B. assessment of the factor

The appropriate indicators in Case-control study is A. the frequency/prevalence of the independent variable in both the cases and controls B. the frequency/prevalence of the dependent variable in the exposed and unexposed groups C. the measure of risk of occurrence D. existence of statistical association

A. the frequency/prevalence of the independent variable in both the cases and controls

Statistical association found between a factor and disease could be causal if the association is strong; the strength of association in Case-control studies is measured by the A. Relative risk B. Attributable risk C. Odd’s ratio D. Risk ratio

C. Odd’s ratio

Which of the following statements is true about cohort studies? A. They are also called prevalence studies. B. Subjects are chosen on the basis of whether they have the outcome or not. C. They begin with identification of a risk group. D. Actual risk of the outcome cannot be determined using cohort studies.

B. Subjects are chosen on the basis of whether they have the outcome or not.

Which is an advantage of a concurrent over a non-concurrent cohort study? A. smaller sample size B. shorter follow-up period C. less biases D. direct measurement of outcome

D. direct measurement of outcome

A requirement for validity of cohort studies is that: A. subjects should be representative of target population. B. exposure variable should be randomly distributed between the study groups. C. study groups should be similar in all respects except for the exposure. D. investigator should be blinded to eliminate bias.

C. study groups should be similar in all respects except for the exposure.

A variable other than the one under investigation which may be associated with both the factor and the outcome and thus may produce a spurious association is called a/an: A. independent variable B. dependent variable C. confounding variable D. misclassification variable

C. confounding variable

Which of the following is not a requirement of a descriptive study? A. Sample representative of target population B. Controls C. Similarity of comparison groups D. All of the above

A. Sample representative of target population

Which of the following is TRUE with regards to the subjects of an Experimental study? A. Sample representative of target population B. well and diseased persons can included in the sample in a trial of preventive measure C. diseased persons can be the study population in a curative trial D. all of the above

C. diseased persons can be the study population in a curative trial

Which of the following is a strength of Experimental study? A. appropriate for diseases with low or rare occurrence B. can study multiple effect of a single exposure C. allows artificial manipulation of the study factors D. all of the above

C. allows artificial manipulation of the study factors

Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Blinding aim to eliminate the effects of intervention B. Placebo administration aim to eliminate the effects of unintended factors C. Both blinding and Placebo administration aim to eliminate the effects of intervention D. Both blinding and Placebo administration aim to eliminate the effects of intended factors

B. Placebo administration aim to eliminate the effects of unintended factors

The strongest of all research study is: A. Uncontrolled Trial B. Parallel Controlled Trial C. Cross-Over Trial D. Quasi-experiment

C. Cross-Over Trial

In an experimental study, if groups show dissimilarity, adjustments should be done in the: A. Measurement of baseline variable B. Application of treatment C. measurement of outcome variable D. analysis of data

D. analysis of data

Which of the following is most vulnerable to Hawthorne effect? A. Parallel controlled trial B. Cross-over trial C. Uncontrolled trial D. None of the above

C. Uncontrolled trial

Which of the following trial should be use to determine the effectiveness of a health program? A. Community trial B. Clinical trial C. Therapeutic trial D. Prophylactic trial

A. Community trial

Dengue is currently occurring in epidemic proportion in several areas in the country because A. the existing strain of the disease agent has become more virulent B. a new strain of the disease agent has been introduced C. of increased opportunities for transmission D. of inadequacy of health services

C. of increased opportunities for transmission

To establish the existence of an outbreak/epidemic, which of the following should be done? A. construct the epidemic curve B. determine the onset of the epidemic C. compare the present incidence with the normal expectancy D. compute and compare the attack rate

C. compare the present incidence with the normal expectancy

Reducing or exhausting the susceptibles in the area to prevent new cases from developing would be accomplished if A. they are quarantined B. they are attacked by the disease C. the cases are isolated D. the cases are adequately treated

B. they are attacked by the disease

If quarantine is necessary to contain an outbreak/epidemic, who of the following should be quarantined? A. Cases B. Carriers C. contacts D. suspects

D. suspects

Which type of study is generally utilized in investigating outbreak/epidemics? A. case series B. case-control C. cohort D. interventional

C. cohort

The initial step in planning for data collection is: A. Determine the research objectives B. Identify the data to be collected C. Specify source of data D. Choose the appropriate method

B. Identify the data to be collected

Planning for data collection is based on the: A. research objectives B. data to be collected C. number of subjects D. time for data collection

A. research objectives

The main consideration in the choice of the method of data collection is the: A. ability of the method to yield measurements or values that is closest to the true value B. availability of resources for data collection C. acceptability of the method to the subjects D. ability of the method to achieve good coverage of the study population

A. ability of the method to yield measurements or values that is closest to the true value

The probability that a test will declare positive those who have the disease is: A. sensitivity B. specificity C. positive predictive value D. positive likelihood ratio

A. sensitivity

Characteristic of selection of appropriate and adequate subjects includes: A. A vital stage in any research activity. B. Begins with determination of suitable reference or target population and ends with response of the selected persons to the invitation to join the study. C. It influences the validity of the study. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Adopted children are considered members of: A. Blended family B. Nuclear family C. Extended family D. Consanguineal family

Community interaction and independence are encouraged in this family type: A. Random type family B. Open type family C. Close type family D. Corporate family

This family assessment tool enables the physician to determine family dynamics and family health problems: A. Family Genogram B. APGAR C. SCREEM D. Family Circle

B. APGAR

Present day Filipino families have accepted this family phenomenon: A. Husband no longer monopolizes as the bread winner B. Institutionalization of the aged member C. Parenting is restrictive D. Authoritative parents

A. Husband no longer monopolizes as the bread winner

Family Life Cycle provides the physicians the most important information regarding: A. sequence of stressful events with family’s readjustments to maintain health and viability B. weak points are identified for the physician to strengthen C. bad practices for the physician to correct D. the dominant person in the family is identified for the physician to solely rely on him/her

A. sequence of stressful events with family’s readjustments to maintain health and viability

Considered most challenging stage of the family life cycle : A. Unattached young adult t B. Newly married couple C. Family with young children D. Family with adolescent

C. Family with young children

This stage of family Life Cycle is characterized by the shifting generational roles: A. Newly married couple B. Family with adolescent C. Launching family D. Family in later years

D. Family in later years

A time for positive growth and creative exploration for the entire family A. Unattached young adult B. Newly married couple C. Family with young children D. Family with adolescent

D. Family with adolescent

The most important aspect of health promotion among adolescents A. Screening B. Immunization C. Health education D. Counseling

C. Health education

Almost 50% of pregnant Filipino women are suffering from:: A. anemia B. scurvy C. vitamin deficiency D. lack of iodine

A. anemia

Median urinary iodine level that indicates mild IDD A. < 20 ug/L B. 20-49 ug/L C. 50-99 ug/L D. > 100 ug/L

C. 50-99 ug/L

Daily vitamin A intake of pregnant women should not exceed A. 500 iu/day B. 5,000 iu/day C. 10,000 iu/day D. 20,000 iu/day E. 200,000 iu/day

C. 10,000 iu/day

Most frequently reported debilitating chronic disorder among the elderly: A. asthma B. hypertension C. diabetes mellitus D. arthritis

B. hypertension

Triage is done during this phase of the Emergency Medical Services system: A. pre-treatment phase B. preliminary care phase C. definitive care phase at the receiving facility D. recuperation phase

C. definitive care phase at the receiving facility

Which of the following is the real primary target of National Immunization Day? A. Poliomyelitis B. Tuberculosis C. Measles D. Diptheria, pertussis, tetanus

A. Poliomyelitis

The main goal of the country’s CARI program is: A. Early detection of pneumonia cases B. Prompt treatment of Pneumonia cases C. Efficient clinical assessment and management of Pneumonia cases D. Reduction of Pneumonia deaths

D. Reduction of Pneumonia deaths

To lessen mortality from pneumonia, the CARI program endorses: A. early diagnosis of pneumonia cases B. hospital admission of all patients with pneumonia C. giving oral antibiotics to all children with cough and colds D. influenza immunization

A. early diagnosis of pneumonia cases

With the emergence of cardiovascular as the leading cause of mortality, DOH formulated the National Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control Program aimed primarily to: A. identify high risk individuals B. treat all identified cases of cardiovascular disease C. promote healthy lifestyle D. promote the use of indigenous drugs to treat cases

C. promote healthy lifestyle

Inaccessibility to health care in the Philippines is mostly due to: A. migration of doctors to other countries B. lack of health centers and barangay health stations C. lack of nurses D. most hospitals, health care facilities and doctors are urban based

D. most hospitals, health care facilities and doctors are urban based

Increased prevalence rate is seen in: A. increasing population B. increased survival C. increased incidence D. epidemics

B. increased survival

A stage in the Family Life Cycle where parents and grandparents are encountering crisis as well: A. Launching B. Family in later years C. Family with adolescents D. Family with young children

B. Family in later years

An example of primary prevention is: A. Measles immunization B. self examination of the breast for tumors C. smoking cessation after a heart attack D. cervical cytology screening

A. Measles immunization

Births in the Philippines are registered in the municipality or city : A. where the infant’s parents live B. where the infant was born C. of the parent’s choice D. listed as the family’s permanent residence

B. where the infant was born

The single most difficult time in the entire illness experience is A. onset of illness B. diagnosis of major debilitating or terminal illness C. financial aspects of application of therapy D. adjustment to permanency of outcome

B. diagnosis of major debilitating or terminal illness

The registration of death in the Philippines as specified by law must be done not later than: A. 24 hours after death B. 48 hours after death C. 2 weeks after death D. 30 days after death

B. 48 hours after death

Deaths in the Philippines are registered in the municipality or city:: A. where the deceased was born B. of the person’s usual residence C. where the person died D. listed as the person’s permanent address

C. where the person died

Accumulation of this metal in organs and tissues of humans has been linked to brain damage: A. mercury B. aluminum C. lead D. silver

A. mercury

In what case should a family case conference or meeting be of least help? A. child admitted for LBM and vomiting of three days duration B. Two year old newly diagnosed to have thalassemia, a blood disorder C. Fifty three year old working mother diagnosed with Stage III breast CA D. Forty five year old father with TB who remains symptomatic on the 5th month of medication

A. child admitted for LBM and vomiting of three days duration

his CFC offender is “ozone safe” and does not contain chlorine: A. HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) B. HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) C. Hydrocarbons D. Chlorofluorocarbons

B. HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons)

Method of food preservation which prevents multiplication of bacteria without destroying them: A. preserving B. refrigeration C. fermentation D. pickling

B. refrigeration

Most important test to determine if the water is potentially dangerous: A. physical examination B. biological examination C. bacteriological examination D. chemical examination

C. bacteriological examination

The coliform count from a well is 35/100 cc. The treatment required is: A. Rejection of sources B. Standard treatment C. Double treatment D. Triple treatment

B. Standard treatment

Milk is best preserved by this method: A. Sterilization B. Boiling C. Freezing D. Adding sodium benzoate

A. Sterilization

Total evaluation of health care involving family relations, social and cultural systems leading to better evaluation of health care A. family life cycle B. family systems theory C. family set-up D. family relationships/parent-child interaction

B. family systems theory

f the following devices for excreta disposal, the most dangerous in contaminating ground water is: A. Chemical privy B. Pail system C. Bored hole latrine D. Septic tank

C. Bored hole latrine

The concentration of which of the following greenhouse gases is affected by deforestation A. Water vapor B. Chlorofluorocarbons C. Methane D. Nitrous oxide

B. Chlorofluorocarbons

Formation of sticky precipitates of soap with water indicates that the water is: A. Polluted B. Hard C. Contaminated D. Soft

B. Hard

Increase in which of the following in drinking water is associated with Alzheimer’s disease A. Antimony B. Zinc C. Silver D. Aluminum

D. Aluminum

DOH program to control diarrhea is targeted for A. under 5 years of age B. children and pregnant women C. lactating mothers D. 2-14 years old

A. under 5 years of age

Dissolved gases and odors in water are removed by: A. Filtration B. Aeration C. Sedimentation D. Coagulation

B. Aeration

The following are covered by Philhealth except A. legitimate married 19 year old daughter B. thirty year old legally blind man C. sixty five year old mother working at a sari-sari store but depends for most needs on employed forty year old son D. spouse who is not an NHIP member

A. legitimate married 19 year old daughter

Chlorination of water is directed towards: A. Bad taste B. Odor C. Turbidity D. Bacteria

D. Bacteria

In 1992 all administrative powers were transferred to political units and health managers came under the management of non-health managers. A. centralization B. devolution C. reorganization D. restructuring

B. devolution

The recommendedl refuse disposal method for hospital is: A. Dumping B. Incineration C. Recycling D. Composting

B. Incineration

One of the guiding principles of RA 7875 is universality which refers to A. adequately meeting the needs for personal health services at various stages of a member’s life B. provision to all citizens the mechanism of gaining financial access to health services C. provision of uniform basic benefits D. balancing economical use of resources with quality of care

B. provision to all citizens the mechanism of gaining financial access to health services

The cheapest and most frequently used refuse disposal in the community but can result to water and air pollution is: A. Dumping B. Sanitary landfill C. Incineration] D. Reduction and salvage

A. Dumping

Membership in the NHIP shall take effect A. three days after payment of premiums B. upon enrollment and payment of premiums C. at the time the member gets sick D. one month after enrollment and payment of premiums

B. upon enrollment and payment of premiums

The first step in an epidemiologic/outbreak investigation; A. Formulate the hypothesis B. Characterize the epidemic C. Determine the existence of an epidemic D. Implement control methods

C. Determine the existence of an epidemic

The ultimate goal of an epidemiologic investigation: A. To request for international aid B. Institute curative, preventive and control measures to avoid more cases C. Identify administrative and operational problems of a health agency D. To determine discrepancies or gaps in policy implementation

B. Institute curative, preventive and control measures to avoid more cases

One of the following characterizes the “essential drug” concept A. should be implemented by those in the government sector B. one could select about 250 essential drugs for 90% of the diseases in the country C. does not allow patients to choose from a list of generic drugs D. discrepancy between availability of drugs and needs of population

B. one could select about 250 essential drugs for 90% of the diseases in the country

The following are categories of health services granted to the member or his dependents for in-patient hospital care A. room and board B. fee for privately hired nurse C. personal preventive services D. food supplements

A. room and board

Primary Health Care Concept is: A. meant for people to attain health by being responsible for it B. the provision of all health care services at affordable prices C. meant to give accessible, affordable and available primary, secondary and tertiary care D. a level of care

A. meant for people to attain health by being responsible for it

Ability of the body to produce antitoxin with diphtheria vaccine A. agent characteristic B. host characteristic C. host-agent characteristic D. agent-environment characteristic

B. host characteristic

Referral to home care program of a diagnosed cancer patient A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. primordial prevention

C. tertiary prevention

The amount of chopped fresh leaves of lagundi for adults is A. two teaspoons B. two tablespoons C. four tablespoons D. six tablespoons

D. six tablespoons

Direction of personnel and techniques in operation as a component of public health administration is: A. organization B. management C. staffing D. performance evaluation

B. management

Community Diagnosis is usually regarded as: A. situational analysis B. analysis of needs C. health survey D. health program planning

A. situational analysis

One of the following is used as diuretic and anti-urolithiasis agent A. ulasimang bato B. sambong C. yerba Buena D. guava

B. sambong

In the model of a Health Care Delivery System, “input” refers to: A. health activities B. health products C. health resources D. feedback

C. health resources

Regulation of importation, manufacture, marketing, and consumer utilization of all drugs refer to: A. quality control B. rational use of drugs C. development of self-reliance in the local pharmaceutical industry D. tailored or targeted procurement of drugs by the government

A. quality control

Ampalaya leaves is recommended for A. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus B. non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus C. non-toxic goiter D. toxic goiter

B. non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Control as a component of a health system model is exemplified by: A. immunization programs B. number of fully immunized children C. vaccines and reagents D. immunization protocol

D. immunization protocol

In community health planning, the BEST people to identify and prioritize problems are the: A. Community doctors B. Volunteer health workers C. Community people themselves D. Social worker E. Nurses/midwives

C. Community people themselves

One of the following medicinal plants contains vinca alkaloids and may be used as an anticancer agent A. adelfa B. aloe vera C. rosas de baybayon D. tawa-tawa

C. rosas de baybayon

Recognition of each one’s roles and functions in a multidisciplinary team is A. Comprehensive B. Continuous C. Teamwork D. Coordinated

C. Teamwork

When garlic is used to lower cholesterol, it should not be A. broiled B. soaked in vinegar C. fried D. raw

D. raw

In a planning cycle, analysis of why programs and projects fail is: A. Situational analysis B. Evaluation C. Impact analysis D. planning

B. Evaluation

Stability of vitamins under refrigeration A. agent-environment interaction B. host-environment interaction C. human host-agent interaction D. agent-host-environment interaction

A. agent-environment interaction

With the implementation of the Local Government Code, municipal and city health services are placed under the supervision of the: A. City and municipal mayors B. Doctors of district hospitals B. DOH C. PGH

A. City and municipal mayors

Which of the following will make a country a priority for international aid? A. IMR of 5/1000 livebirths B. IMR of 15/1000 livebirths C. IMR of 20/1000 livebirths D. IMR of 50/1000 livebirths

D. IMR of 50/1000 livebirths

. Second line of defense against disease agents A. secretions B. respiratory cilia C. mucous membranes and nails D. lymph glands

D. lymph glands

The ideal denominator for Maternal Mortality Rate but cannot be used : A. Total livebirths B. Number of pregnant women C. Total births D. Midyear population

B. Number of pregnant women

Per single period of confinement a general practitioner will be paid by the Philhealth A. 500 pesos/day B. 150 pesos/day C. 300 pesos/day D. 200 pesos/day

B. 150 pesos/day

Most commonly used index of fertility: A. Crude Birth Rate B. General Fertility Rate C. Age Specific Birth Rate D. Total Fertility Rate

A. Crude Birth Rate

Strategies to control TB in the Philippines except A. DOTS for all patients B. Free medicines available for patients in public hospitals only C. Active participation of private practitioners in NTP D. NTP reaches out to physicians in private sector

B. Free medicines available for patients in public hospitals only

Regarding exposure and outcome a relative risk of 15 for a certain disease means: A. Non causal association B. Beneficial association C. Harmful association D. Definite causal association

C. Harmful association

Swaroop”s index in an indicator of the following: A. medical , social and economic condition of the area where it is applied B. a better chance for longer survival given to a population C. relative importance of different diseases as cause of death D. the “killing power” of a disease

B. a better chance for longer survival given to a population

Essential elements of primary health care except A. MCH including EPI B. Basic sanitation and safe water C. Provision of food supply D. Essential drugs available

C. Provision of food supply

The first line of defense against occupational hazard: A. personal protective equipment B. engineering control C. ergonomics D. good nutrition

B. engineering control

For asymptomatic and normotensive elderly, blood pressure monitoring should be: A. Every month B. Every 6 months C. Every year D. Whenever convenient

A. Every month

One of the advantages of decentralizing the health system is A. Greater representation of various political, religious, ethnic, and tribal groups in development decision-making. B. Bureaucratic and highly structured nature of the health system facilitates more efficient delivery of services C. Lesser participation of citizens in development planning and management, hence, lesser conflict D. Greater control of officials in the central office as regards to planning and implementation of programs

A. Greater representation of various political, religious, ethnic, and tribal groups in development decision-making.

For high risk elderly women Pap’s smear should be done: A. Annually B. Every 2 years C. Every 3 years D. Every 5 years

A. Annually

The earliest reliable predictor of pneumonia in the CARI Program is: A. cyanosis B. chest indrawing C. tachypnea D. lethargy

C. tachypnea

According to Rule IX of the Magna Carta, a public health worker who is regularly employed under permanent status shall have security of tenure A. But he can be dismissed anytime from work if his boss finds him unsatisfactory for the job B. If he is unjustly dismissed from the service, he/she shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and payment of back wages/salaries and other benefits C. And can never be terminated from his job D. But is not entitled to benefits and back wages if unjustly dismissed from service

B. If he is unjustly dismissed from the service, he/she shall be entitled to reinstatement without loss of seniority rights and payment of back wages/salaries and other benefits

In the CARI Program a child with productive cough must be given: A. Antitussives B. A lot of fluids C. Expoectorants D. Antibiotics

B. A lot of fluids

In the CARI Program the diagnosis for a 6-month old child with RR = 60/min, Chest , indrawing, intercostal and subcostal retraction but without cyanosis A. No pneumonia B. Pneumonia C. Severe pneumonia D. Very severe pneumonia

C. Severe pneumonia

amily type that includes stepparents and stepchildren brought about by annulment, separation and remarriage A. nuclear B. extended C. blended D. communal

C. blended

True of systems concepts of family by Minuchin except A. adapting to change is hallmark of healthy functioning B. symptoms of our member have effect within the family C. repeating interaction patterns regulate behavior of members 55 D. usually there are victims and victimizers in the family

D. usually there are victims and victimizers in the family

The first line of antibiotic regimen under the CARI Program: A. oral Co-trimoxazole B. procaine penicillin C. chloramphenicol D. gentamicin

A. oral Co-trimoxazole

So that an epidemic of chicken pox will not occur the best control measure is: a. quarantine of cases b. isolation of cases c. control of animal reservoir d. surveillance of cases

a. quarantine of cases b. isolation of cases

Family structure where relationship exists between at least three people and two collude against the other A. coalition B. alliance C. role selection D. boundaries

A. coalition

Success in ORT of a child with diarrhea at home is achieved by: A. the doctor explaining to the mother/caretaker how it is done B. having posters on the clinic wall showing how ORT is done C. a nurse or health worker demonstrating ORT D. the mother/caretaker practicing giving ORT guided by a health worker

D. the mother/caretaker practicing giving ORT guided by a health worker

Enmeshment as family process occurs in the following A. mother-child subsystem excludes father in parenting B. third person comes into a two-pair system to diffuse conflict C. members are overly reactive to stress on one member D. parents have privacy from children

C. members are overly reactive to stress on one member

he main thrust in the control of diarrhea by the DOH: A. environmental sanitation B. oral rehydration therapy with ORESOL C. public education D. immunization

A. environmental sanitation B. oral rehydration therapy with ORESOL

A very early sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea: A. thirst B. sunken eyes C. increased pulse and breathing rates D. somnolence

A. thirst D. somnolence

True of family genogram construction except A. consist of at least three generations B. firstborn is farthest to the right with sibling following to the left C. horizontal lines connects children with spouses D. children connected to parents with vertical lines

C. horizontal lines connects children with spouses

In APGAR, this measures the satisfaction attained in solving problems by the communicating A. Affection B. Resolve C. Adaptation D. Partnership

D. Partnership

Primary reason for inclusion of glucose in oral rehydration solution: A. as a source of calorie B. for palatability C. to increase the nutritive value D. to help in the absorption of sodium

D. to help in the absorption of sodium

A proportionate Mortality indicator: A. Age-sex specific death rate B. Swaroop’s index C. Infant Mortality Rate D. Neonatal Mortality Rate

B. Swaroop’s index

A mother who insists to accompany her son enrolling in medicine proper during the routine physical exam in school A. Triangulation B. Coalition C. Disengagement D. Enmeshment

D. Enmeshment

To establish ways to improve the overall health status of communities the best experimental approach to use is: A. Clinical trial B. Community trial C. Therapeutic trial D. Intervention trial

B. Community trial

A daughter sides with her mother regarding their problem with the father. They accuse the father having another woman A. coalition B. disengagement C. triangulation D. enmeshment

A. coalition

The most accurate relative risk is the one established in: A. case-control study B. cohort prospective C. cohort retrospective D. cross-sectional study E. all of the above

B. cohort prospective

To determine the prevalence of a disease this study design is used A. Descriptive B. Cross sectional C. Case control D. cohort E. experimental

B. Cross sectional

A family with three children ages 9, 10, and 15 living with their grandparents in the city have adopted a 2-year old boy. The family’s APGAR is 3. This family’s function is A. normal B. mildly dysfunctional C. moderately dysfunctional D. severely dysfunctional

D. severely dysfunctional

Atherosclerotic changes in coronary vessels A. Stage of Susceptibility B. Stage of Presymptomatic disease C. Stage of Clinical disease D. Stage of Disability

B. Stage of Presymptomatic disease

A cross-sectional study is not applicable for this purpose: A. determine the magnitude of diseases B. establish baseline data C. study causes of disease D. study rare diseases

C. study causes of disease

Controls in a case-control study are those: A. who will constitute the comparison group B. who will not develop the outcome C. who will not be given the experimental drug D. who do not have the illness being studied

D. who do not have the illness being studied

Measles followed by the development of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis A. Stage of Clinical disease B. Stage of Susceptibility C. Stage of Presymptomatic disease D. Stage of Disability

D. Stage of Disability

The most important thing to consider in the selection of cases in a case-control 35 study: A. That the cases will definitely show positive exposure B. That the cases can be interviewed regarding past experiences C. That the cases satisfy the specific diagnostic criteria D. That the cases are typical of the patients to be studied

C. That the cases satisfy the specific diagnostic criteria

Secondary prevention except A. specific protection B. disability limitation C. prompt treatment D. early diagnosis

A. specific protection

Health promotion except A. use of immunizations B. genetics C. personality development D. periodic selective examination

A. use of immunizations

Not true of cohort studies: A. Investigators still have to wait for the outcome B. Controls are those without exposure or risk factor C. Intervention is given to the exposure group D. Study moves forward with time

C. Intervention is given to the exposure group

Statement/s that describes an experimental study: A. The investigator can only observe occurrence of disease in people under natural setting B. Contrast in outcome between study groups are observed, not created in a controlled way C. The investigator controls conditions under which the study is done D. The investigator observes disease occurrence in people who are grouped on the basis of experience or exposure.

C. The investigator controls conditions under which the study is done

Levels of preventive measures affecting reaction of the host to the stimulus except A. specific protection B. rehabilitation C. disability limitation D. early diagnosis and prompt treatment

A. specific protection

The study design where the investigator has control over the conditions of the study: A. cross-sectional B. case-control C. cohort D. experimental

D. experimental

Experimental studies are concerned with A. Investigating hypothesis regarding causal association B. Measuring effects on animals of introducing in a controlled way new cures for diseases C. Observing distribution of diseases in population D. Testing hypothesis through direct control over assignment of subjects to study groups

D. Testing hypothesis through direct control over assignment of subjects to study groups

Tertiary prevention except A. sheltered workshop B. half-way homes C. occupational therapy 56 D. improvement in working conditions in dusty industries

D. improvement in working conditions in dusty industries

Intervention trial is exemplified by: A. Simple mastectomy for breast cancer B. BCG vaccination for prevention of TB C. Isoniazid for TB prophylaxis D. Antihypertensive drugs to minimize stroke

D. Antihypertensive drugs to minimize stroke

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment in cancer include the following except A. Recruitment and training of specialists B. Self-examination of breast C. Cancer detection centers D. Selective examination

A. Recruitment and training of specialists

The probability sampling method that assures adequate representation of minority sub-groups A. Systematic sampling B. Stratified sampling C. Cluster sampling D. Simple random sampling

D. Simple random sampling

Management of infants with diarrhea under the CDD Program A. Rest the stomach by fasting for a day B. Shift from breastfeeding to lactose free formula C. Add vegetable oil to food D. Start co-trimoxazole after 6 episodes of diarrhea

C. Add vegetable oil to food

bility to stimulate the host to produce agglutinins, opsonins, antitoxins, etc. A. Pathogenicity B. Virulence C. Antigenicity D. Infectivity

C. Antigenicity

The most effective method to control TB in the Philippines is: A. Isolation of TB patients B. Mass chemoprophylaxis with INH C. Mass chest x-ray and treatment of cases D. Mass BCG vaccination

D. Mass BCG vaccination

Measure of ability of an agent when lodged in the body to set up local or general tissue reaction A. Pathogenicity B. Virulence C. Infectivity D. incubation period

A. Pathogenicity

The most common complication associated with BCG vaccination is: A. convulsion B. suppurative lymphadenitis C. encephalitis D. reactivation of TB

B. suppurative lymphadenitis

The management for an infant who developed a 10 mm red, tender swelling at the BCG site is: A. application of topical antibiotic on the swelling B. assurance of the mother that no treatment is needed C. application of pulverized INH on the swelling D. prophylactic INH at 10 mg/kg/day

B. assurance of the mother that no treatment is needed

Occurrence of a group of illness of similar nature clearly in excess of normal expectancy; A. Holoendemic B. Hyperendemic C. Epidemic D. Pandemic

C. Epidemic

The rate used as an indicator of an outbreak or an epidemic: A. Morbidity rate B. Case fatality rate C. Incidence rate D. Prevalence rate

C. Incidence rate

A graphical presentation of data most useful in locating cases during an epidemic: A. Spot map B. Pictograph C. Scatter diagram D. Histogram

A. Spot map

Risk considered due to exposure: A. relative B. absolute C. attributable D. odd’s ratio

C. attributable

The one that establishes cause-effect relationship is: A. relative risk B. absolute risk C. attributable risk D. odd’s ratio

A. relative risk

Randomized control trial means: A. randomization was used and there is a control group B. randomization was used, there is a control group and conditions are controlled by the investigator C. randomization was used, there is a control group and the study is blinded D. randomization was used, there is a control group, the study is double blinded

B. randomization was used, there is a control group and conditions are controlled by the investigator

Cross-over trial means: A. with separate comparison groups B. with separate control groups C. no control group D. subject and control are the same persons

D. subject and control are the same persons

To encourage community participation, the local doctor should do the following: A. invite people from civic organizations B. refer to specialist if the need arises C. encourage sponsorship of programs D. listen when people relate their problems

D. listen when people relate their problems

In the Philippines, the age range most infected with HIV is: A. 15 – 24 years old B. 25 – 39 years old C. 35 - 44 years old D. 45 – 55 years old

B. 25 – 39 years old

The most important mission of the Department of Health A. Promote healthy lifestyle B. Ensure accessibility and quality of health care C. Reduce morbidity and mortality D. Improve the general health status of the people

B. Ensure accessibility and quality of health care

Which diagnostic test is constantly reviewed in the National TB program? A. Bronchoscopy B. Chest x-ray C. Sputum culture D. Tuberculin skin test

C. Sputum culture

If a pregnant woman received 3 doses of Tetanus Toxoid she will have an immunity against tetanus for how many years? A. 3 years B. 5 years C. 10 years D. 15 years

C. 10 years

The mother of a 5-month old infant claimed that her baby had received complete immunization for his age. One can assume that the baby has already :received: A. BCG and measles vaccine B. BCG, 3 doses of OPV and 1 measles vaccine C. BCG and 2 doses of DPT vaccine D. BCG, 3 doses of OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B vaccine, 1 measle4s vaccine

C. BCG and 2 doses of DPT vaccine

The most relevant part of the death certificate because it is the one counted in the statistics since it is the basic condition which began the train of events which led to death A. immediate cause of death B. intervening cause of death C. intermedial cause of death D. underlying antecedent cause

D. underlying antecedent cause

Which of the following is true regarding physiologic adjustments in temperature? A. The percent of the body surface wetted with sweat decreases with the need to lose heat until maximum sweating occurs. B. The sweat, which runs off, the body is of great value in removing heat from the body, since heat is lost only when sweat is evaporated. C. If the temperature and humidity are both high, the body may be unable to lose sufficient heat. D. Men do not voluntarily replace the water lost by sweating; the sensation thirst is quite adequate.

C. If the temperature and humidity are both high, the body may be unable to lose sufficient heat.

A characteristics feature of Primary Health Care include one of the following: A. community participation B. infrastructure development and modernization C. emphasis on curative medical care D. training of health professionals

A. community participation

Relation of high temperature and humidity to physical work A. Muscular work contributes little to the total body heat load than environmental conditions B. Rectal temperature is most closely related to the rate of physical work C. The capacity of a man to work drops off at high temperature because of lack of oxygen supply. D. A marked increase in lactic acid in the blood limits the capacity of man to work at high temperature.

B. Rectal temperature is most closely related to the rate of physical work

People empowerment in primary health care is brought about through this means: A. volunteerism among the target population B. hiring and employment of community health workers C. community organization process D. endorsement from church and political community leaders

C. community organization process

This type of health program allows maximum room for community participation and empowerment: A. hospital based program B. community oriented health program C. community managed health program D. community-based health program

C. community managed health program

If the body is immersed in cold water, rather than cold air A. body temperature falls gradually B. air conducts heat faster than water C. air has a higher specific heat value D. entire body surface loses more heat to the water

D. entire body surface loses more heat to the water

The basic foundation of the community based and managed health program is: A. team approach B. health human rights C. equality and justice D. community organization

D. community organization

The main case finding strategy advocated in the National Tuberculosis Program is: A. chest radiography B. sputum microscopy C. DOTS D. Mantoux test

B. sputum microscopy

This is the 2nd most abundant greenhouse gas: A. nitrous oxide B. CFC’s C. Carbon dioxide D. Methane

D. Methane

Based on the national Malaria control program, the currently recommended principal measure directed against the mosquito vectors in Malaria is: A. biologic vector control B. residual spraying with DDT C. use of chemical impregnated mosquito nets D. sterilization of male mosquitoes

C. use of chemical impregnated mosquito nets

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) requires the delivery of the following service(s) for a child who visit a physician’s clinic for any health related problems: A. routine immunization B. breastfeeding education for the mother C. proper and adequate nutrition counseling D. all of the above

D. all of the above

This is not necessary in the formation of Ozone A. hydrocarbons B. SO2 C. Nitrous oxide D. Sunlight

A. hydrocarbons

The most cost effective preventive measure for the control of cardiovascular diseases: A. CVD screening using ECG B. environmental cleanliness C. primordial prevention of CVD risk factor D. genetic counseling

C. primordial prevention of CVD risk factor

This is an essential health service that is available, accessible and affordable by the community: A. social care B. preventive medicine C. medical care D. primary health care

D. primary health care

The process of removing or destroying all microbial life of an object A. antisepsis B. sterilization C. disinfection D. antimicrobial

B. sterilization

The following level of health care does NOT belong to primary level: A. teacher health guardians B. emergency hospital C. rural health unit D. rural health midwife

B. emergency hospital

Which of the following measures has the greatest impact on community health? A. provision of social services B. provision of potable water supply C. immunization D. medical care of the sick

B. provision of potable water supply

The health status of a community may be measured or expressed in terms of: A. availability and utilization of health care services B. availability of public utilities C. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality D. all of the above

C. its statistical indices of morbidity and mortality

Community planning should start with: A. formation of objectives B. identification of roles and their relationships C. educational analysis D. determination of resources

A. formation of objectives

The local health department is usually associated with this type of health care planning: A. morbidity planning B. population-based planning C. institution-based planning D. financial planning

B. population-based planning

The prime yardstick of child health level in the community is A. infant and child mortality rate B. number of live births C. number of preschool children D. number of health centers

A. infant and child mortality rate

Growth monitoring is important in a primary health care program because it A. tells us how many children are at risk of being malnourished B. affords an occasion for maternal education C. tells us how many children are undernourished in the community D. improves the nutritional status of children in the community

A. tells us how many children are at risk of being malnourished

Exert their action by injuring plasma membranes A. phenols B. biguanides C. halogens D. alcohols

A. phenols

Which factor determines the highest use of health care? A. sex B. education C. age D. income

C. age

True on halogens as disinfectants except A. Iodine may combine with certain amino acids to inactivate enzymes B. Germicidal action of chlorine is based on the formation of hyperchlorous acid when chlorine is added to water C. Iodine is available as a tincture (combined with an organic molecule). D. Chlorine is used as a disinfectant in gaseous form

C. Iodine is available as a tincture (combined with an organic molecule).

The following statements are correct regarding surface-active agents except A. Acid anionic detergents are used to clean dairy equipment B. Soaps assists in the removal of microorganisms through scrubbing C. Detergents decrease the surface tension among molecules of a liquid D. Soaps have a wide range of germicidal action

D. Soaps have a wide range of germicidal action

The lowest operating unit of the DOH is the: A. emergency hospital B. rural health unit C. barangay health station D. district health office

B. rural health unit

Public health centers do NOT need constant supplies of: A. antidiarrheals B. analgesics C. antipyretics D. antibiotics

A. antidiarrheals

True concerning radiation except: A. Microwave can kill microbes indirectly as materials get hot. B. The effects of radiation depend on wavelength and duration C. Ultraviolet radiation has a high degree of penetration and exerts primary by ionizing water D. X-rays exert its effect by forming highly reactive hydroxyl radicals

C. Ultraviolet radiation has a high degree of penetration and exerts primary by ionizing water

A primary health care team is composed of: A. Office of the Secretary of Health B. Provincial Health Officer and staff C. Municipal Health Unit and staff D. Interdisciplinary composition of community people working to gather under professional supervision

D. Interdisciplinary composition of community people working to gather under professional supervision

The principal and unique strategy of the PHC is: A. empowerment of the people B. holistic health care delivery C. teamwork among health personnel D. socialization of health care

A. empowerment of the people

55. The seven target diseases are: A. measles, polio, pneumonia, tetanus, chicken pox, TB B. diphtheria, mumps, polio, Tb, tetanus, measles C. TB, polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hep B D. Tetanus, pertussis, tonsillitis, measles, tetanus, TB

C. TB, polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hep B

Which of the following is NOT included in the essential health service of Primary Health Care? A. immunization against the major infectious disease B. provision of free drugs C. provision of safe water and basic sanitation D. appropriate treatment of all existing diseases

B. provision of free drugs

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields can cause brain tumor and this is emitted by A. television sets B. laser printers C. Xerox machines D. Microwave oven

D. Microwave oven

Medicare benefits include: A. psychiatry B. surgery C. optometry D. diagnostic tests

B. surgery

Under Medicare and most hospitals, the anesthesiologist's fee should NOT exceed _____% of the allowable surgeons' fee: A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 20%

B. 30%

The 1995 National Health Insurance Program covers the: A. government employees only B. indigent patients only C. all Filipino citizens D. unemployed citizens

C. all Filipino citizens

A 20-year-old female in respiratory distress was brought to the emergency room for intentional ingestion of a poisonous substance. Of the following, which is the most appropriate thing to do first. A. Get a detailed history B. Maintain vital signs C. Give antidote D. Induce vomiting

B. Maintain vital signs

BCG vaccine is given according to the Expanded Program on Immunization of the Philippines, at what age? A. 3 months B. 6 months C. at birth D. 9 months

C. at birth

Control TB infectivity is best achieved by: A. isolation B. personal hygiene and cleanliness C. prompt specific drug treatment D. education

C. prompt specific drug treatment

Contamination of food by cockroaches is as example of : A. vehicle-borne transmission B. air-borne transmission C. mechanical transmission D. biological transmission

C. mechanical transmission

The Department of Health currently recommends the most effective mode of anti-TB treatment by: A. two-week monitoring B. directly observed therapy C. home visits D. health center based follow-up

B. directly observed therapy

During a diarrhea bout, breastfeeding of this infant should be A. stopped and substitute with a lactose-free formula B. temporarily discontinued C. given more often D. limited

C. given more often

Gas responsible for explosion in garbage dumps: A. carbonic acid gas B. carbon monoxide C. methane D. nitrogen

C. methane

A program in the control of communicable diarrheal diseases by the Department of Health: A. hydrotherapy B. oresol therapy C. physiotherapy D. use of intravenous fluids

B. oresol therapy

Usual speech frequency is: A. 0 db B. 120 db C. 500 to 2000 Hz D. 20 to 20,000 Hz

C. 500 to 2000 Hz

Screening of children has been proven cost-effective for all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hypertension B. iron-deficiency anemia C. vision impairment D. tuberculosis

A. hypertension

The Civil registry Law includes the registration of A. Births and marriages B. births, sickness and marriages C. births, deaths, marriages D. births, deaths, sicknesses, marriages

C. births, deaths, marriages

Most likely to occur during cases of bomb explosions: A. conductive hearing loss B. noise –induced deafness C. sensorineural hearing loss D. temporary threshold shift

A. conductive hearing loss

A 28 day old infant is classified as: A. neonatal mortality B. fetal neonatal mortality C. post-neonatal mortality D. perinatal mortality

A. neonatal mortality

The denominator in getting the sex ratio in a population is A. number of females B. number of fertile females C. number of fertile males D. number of males

A. number of females

An investigator reported three cases of carcinoma of the lungs among workers in a cement plant. This type of study is best described as A. Cohort B. Case series C. Case report D. Case control

B. Case series

The major activities undertaken in the maternal and child health program does NOT include A. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles B. proper pneumonia prevention C. promotion of prenatal care D. monitoring of growth and health status of infants and children

A. Immunization of pregnant mothers against measles

One of the major determinants of the degree to which chance affects the findings in any particular study is A. statistical testing B. sample size C. randomization D. bias

B. sample size

Hepatitis B spread is NOT known to occur in A. eating food B. sexual contacts C. household contact D. mother to child transmission in perinatal period

A. eating food

In storing vaccines, the following should be remembered A. DPT vaccine can be stored in the freezer and thawed B. The diluent should be in the area where the solvent is C. Never keep vaccine in the door of the refrigerator D. If the vaccine stored above or below safe temperature it will not lose its potency if it is for a short period of time only.

C. Never keep vaccine in the door of the refrigerator

What kind of epidemiologic study should be done to determine the cause of an unusual infection? A. experimental studies B. analytic study C. descriptive study D. none of these

B. analytic study

One of the following is NOT descriptive of a young population A. population pyramid with a wide base B. median age of 20-24 years C. crude birth rate greater than 30/1000 D. dependency ratio of 1:1

D. dependency ratio of 1:1

Specific health protection can be carried out by A. Immunization B. chemotherapy C. Health education D. A and B only

A. Immunization

n transporting vaccine using a vaccine carrier this vaccine should be placed in contact with frozen ice packs A. BCG B. OPV C. DPT D. TT

B. OPV

The Expanded Program on Immunization is concerned with this particular age group: A. Infants below 1 yr, school entrance, and pregnant women B. Infants below 6 mos, pre-schoolers, and pregnant women C. Neonates, pre-schoolers, and post-partum women D. Infants of any age, school children, and pregnant women

A. Infants below 1 yr, school entrance, and pregnant women

This vaccine is most easily damaged by sunlight A. polio vaccine B. BCG C. DPT D. Tetanus toxoid

B. BCG

The recommended age for the start of DPT-OPV immunization under the government EPI is A. 8 weeks B. 10 weeks C. 6 weeks D. 12 weeks

C. 6 weeks

An example of artificial active immunity is one that is derived from A. giving of gamma globulin B. vaccination C. actual illness D. transplacental passage of antibodies

B. vaccination

A fully immunized child has finished A. BCG, 2 DPT, 2 OPV B. BCG, 3 DPT, 3 OPV C. BCG, 3DPT, 3 OPV, Measles D. 3 DPT, 3 OPV, Measles

C. BCG, 3DPT, 3 OPV, Measles

Controlled studies mean A. An experiment is being done B. There is a comparison group C. the characteristics of the participants are all the same D. a group is not to be given the experimental procedure

B. There is a comparison group

A study was done to prove that co-trimoxazole is more effective than other drugs in treating respiratory tract infections in ambulatory patients in a community. The suitable control group will receive A. Another drug for respiratory infections B. The standard drug for treating respiratory infections C. another experimental drug for respiratory infection D. a placebo

B. The standard drug for treating respiratory infections

A comparison or control groups is NOT necessary in A. Prospective studies B. Retrospective studies C. experimental studies D. descriptive studies

D. descriptive studies

Results are generalized to a comparable population A. Internal validity B. External validity C. bias D. confounders

B. External validity

A 21 year old woman is pregnant with her first child, she had had received 2 doses of DPT when she was a child. How many doses does she need so that all infants born to her will be protected? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

A. 2

Double blind determination of the exposure and outcome is for the purpose of A. Reducing the effects of losses to follow up B. Reducing the effects of sampling variation C. achieving comparability of cases and controls D. avoiding observer and subject bias

D. avoiding observer and subject bias

Normal reaction to BCG vaccination are the following except A. small and tender swelling about 10mm across after 2 weeks B. swelling became small abscess when vaccinated after 2-3 weeks C. formation of scar after about 10 weeks D. acute inflammation reaction appearing 4-2 days of vaccination

D. acute inflammation reaction appearing 4-2 days of vaccination

Describes the distribution of cases by the variables of person, time, and place in order to study and explain acute outbreaks of disease and to develop hypothesis about disease transmission: A. Case control studies B. Analytic studies C. descriptive studies D. Experimental studies

C. descriptive studies

The separation of infected persons for the period of communicability to prevent transmission of infectious agent to those who are susceptible is A. quarantine B. surveillance C. isolation D. herd immunity

C. isolation

Descriptive studies do A. Draw inferences about cause and effect B. Predict outcome C. not have a sample size estimation D. not require a hypothesis

D. not require a hypothesis

The possibility of cause-effect relationship is difficult to assess in A. Experimental B. Cross-sectional C. cohort D. case-control

B. Cross-sectional

The prevention transmission of highly contagious or virulent infection that may be spread by both air and contact is A. strict isolation B. contact isolation C. respiratory isolation D. drainage precaution

A. strict isolation

A study comparing the prevalence of hepatitis B infection among government and private hospitals falls under A. Descriptive study B. Cohort study C. case-control D. cross-sectional

D. cross-sectional

A well-defined group of people who have had a common experience or exposure who are then followed up for the incidence of new diseases or events is a A. Variable B. Sample C. Case D. Cohort

D. Cohort

These diseases are internationally quarantinable diseases and thus are labeled as Diseases Under Surveillance by WHO. A. plague, cholera, smallpox B. plague, typhoid fever, cholera C. leprosy, smallpox, plague D. malaria, leprosy, smallpox

A. plague, cholera, smallpox

Odds ratio is the measure of analysis commonly used in A. Case report B. Case-control studies C. case series D. cohort studies

B. Case-control studies

When shellfish is harvested from a contaminated area, it should purge before consumption for approximately: A. 1 day B. 1 week C. 2 weeks D. 2 days

C. 2 weeks

A study is planned to determine if there are more users of oral contraceptives among patients with thrombophlebitis than among well persons. To achieve the objective, which of the following type of studies is most appropriate? A. Clinical B. Descriptive C. concurrent cohort D. case control

D. case control

In a cohort study of the association of leukemia with x-ray exposure, the relative risk was found to be 3. What does this mean? A. Those with x-ray exposure have threefold probability of developing leukemia B. X-ray exposure protects the person from developing leukemia C. there is no association between leukemia and x-ray exposure D. none of the above

A. Those with x-ray exposure have threefold probability of developing leukemia

One of the neurotoxins found in coal: A. cadmium B. chromium C. manganese D. arsenic

C. manganese

Which of the following study designs most appropriately illustrates this case history: “A total of 200 newly diagnosed patients with endometrial cancer are allocated to treatment with either surgical removal alone or surgical removal plus radiation treatment A. Clinical trial B. Case-control study C. case series report D. cohort study

A. Clinical trial

The most important test for potability of water. A. taste and odor B. chemicals C. algae, microorganism D. strep coliforms

D. strep coliforms

The observational study in which subjects are sampled based on the presence or absence of a risk factor of interest. These subjects are followed over time for the development of a disease outcome A. Case-control study B. Ecologic study C. cohort study D. cross-sectional study

C. cohort study

Examples of water-borne diseases EXCEPT: A. amoebiasis B. minimata disease C. poliomyelitis D. schistosomiasis

D. schistosomiasis

In qualitative data, the appropriate measure of central tendency is the A. median B. average C. mean D. mode

D. mode

"In a frequency distribution, the value that divides the observed values into two parts is the A. median and mode B. median C. mean D. mode

B. median

Man is the definitive host in: A. dengue fever B. filiariasis C. malaria D. Rocky mountain spotted fever

B. filiariasis

Rats and other rodents are the reservoir and source of several diseases of man except A. schistosomiasis B. salmonellosis C. dengue hemorrhagic fever D. plague

C. dengue hemorrhagic fever

Which should be first priority in disaster relief? A. Safety of food supply B. Vector control C. Excreta disposal D. Promotion of personal hygiene

C. Excreta disposal

If there is an inherent order or progression among categories, they are said to be measure by: A. numerical scale B. nominal scale C. discrete scale D. ordinal scale

D. ordinal scale

Early effects of ionizing radiation includes the following except A. anorexia, nausea, vomiting B. marrow syndrome C. sterility D. increase childhood cancer

D. increase childhood cancer

To represent the trend over time in crude birth rate and crude death rate in a given province, the best graph to use is a: A. bar B. histogram C. line diagram D. frequency polygon

C. line diagram

The rate that measures the probability of a person dying in a year regardless of age, sex, race, etc is: A. case fatality rate B. neonatal mortality rate C. crude death rate D. specific death rate

C. crude death rate

The following are environmental sources of occupational stress except A. excessive noise B. attitudinal problems C. hot/cold fever D. posture

D. posture

The following indices use the midyear population as the denominator, EXCEPT: A. crude birth rate B. measles incidence rate C. crude death rate D. proportionate mortality rate

D. proportionate mortality rate

The bacterial limits for pasteurized milk and milk products is: A. 100, 000/ml B. 10,000/ml C. 20,000/ml D. 1gm/ml

C. 20,000/ml

The following is an indirect method of nutritional assessment: A. Weight for height B. Percentage of low birth weight babies C. Height for age D. Measles mortality rate

D. Measles mortality rate

The number of live births reported during a given time interval divided by the estimated number of women in the 15-44 year old group at mid-interval is: A. crude birth rate B. incidence rate C. prevalence rate D. fertility rate

D. fertility rate

This is the most commonly used index of fertility: A. crude death rate B. infant mortality rate C. maternal mortality rate D. crude birth rate

D. crude birth rate

A selective, partial limitation of freedom of movement of contacts, on the basis of known or presumed differences in susceptibility and related to danger of disease transmission. A. absolute quarantine B. modified quarantine C. isolation D. surveillance

B. modified quarantine

Turbidity of a given water is due to the: a. radioactive contaminant in water b. total mineral content c. substances in solution d. impurities in suspension

d. impurities in suspension

Hardness of water is primarily due to: a. calcium and magnesium b. nitrogen content c. iron content d. sulphur content

a. calcium and magnesium

What type of sampling technique is used for “Man-in-the-street” surveys and interviews among senior citizens who drop in at a health booth in SM City? 59 A. simple random B. systematic C. haphazard D. cluster

C. haphazard

Laws and regulations on Food Sanitation are implemented to protect the public against fraud and deceit. Some of the restraints are the following, EXCEPT: a. misbranding b. sale of damage food c. food adulteration d. adequate food storage

d. adequate food storage

Which of the following is the primary objective of food sanitation? a. to ensure the consumption of safe and wholesome food b. to prevent the sale of food which is inferior in value and quality c. to cut down spoilage and wastage of food d. none of the above

a. to ensure the consumption of safe and wholesome food

What is the ability of a study to demonstrate an association if one exists? A. alpha B. P value C. power D. Type II error

C. power

In contrast to observational studies, experimental research: A. attempts to describe prevailing trends occurring in a population B. empirically tests a cause-effect relationship among variables C. requires two or more population groups in a study D. identifies risk factors accompanying the independent variable

B. empirically tests a cause-effect relationship among variables

Excreta disposal is considered to be sanitary if a. there is minimal fecal handling b. it prevents soil and water contamination c. it is accessible and acceptable contamination d. it prevents both soil water contamination and there is minimum fecal handling

b. it prevents soil and water contamination

Any of the following may be included as an “exposure” in health research except: A. potential risk factor B. The outcome being studied C. The treatment or therapy D. A health problem

B. The outcome being studied

One of the following is not a domestic sewage: a. sewage coming from industrial operations b. sewage coming from commercial establishments c. sewage coming from households d. sewage coming from offices

a. sewage coming from industrial operations

Sanitary methods of excreta disposal includes the following, EXCEPT: a. bored hole latrine b. septic tank c. aqua privy d. pour flush latrin

a. bored hole latrine

The following are impact programs of DOH except A. soil-transmitted helminthes disease control B. rabies control C. malaria control D. environmental health services

C. malaria control

The most practical and sanitary way to excrete disposal in the rural areas is: a. overhung latrine b. water-sealed toilet c. chemical toilet d. septic toilet

b. water-sealed toilet

A gas produced by the biodegradation of waste is: a. Methane b. oxygen c. carbon monoxide d. carbon dioxide

a. Methane

Type of outbreak where exposure is brief and all cases develop within one incubation period of the disease. A. common source outbreak with intermittent exposure B. common source outbreak with continuous exposure C. point source outbreak D. propagated outbreak

C. point source outbreak

In the most part of the world, vector control is largely through: a. genetic manipulation of vectors b. modifying the environment of vectors c. use of chemical pesticides d. extensive public health education

c. use of chemical pesticides

The probability that a person has the disease given a positive test result is: a. negative predictive value of the test b. sensitivity of the test c. specificity of the test d. positive predictive value of the test

d. positive predictive value of the test

A physician wants to determine the prevalence of parasitism among school children in an urban area. There is great variability in the economic status in that locality. On one hand, most children in private schools come from affluent families, and on the other hand, most children from public schools come from poor families. The most appropriate type of sampling methodology to use in this situation is: A. simple random sampling B. systematic sampling C. stratified random sampling D. multi-stage sampling

C. stratified random sampling

A distribution that is negatively skewed has- A. higher frequency on the right B. higher frequency on the left C. a flatter distribution than the normal distribution D. a more peaked distribution than the normal distribution

A. higher frequency on the right

Philhealth benefits vary according to the following except: A. Relative unit value of surgery B. Actual cost of care C. Type of hospital D. Type of physician

B. Actual cost of care

One can be reasonably sure that the hypothesized cause preceded the occurrence of the disease and that disease status did not differentially influence the selection of subjects by study factor level in a: A. Cross-sectional study B. Cohort study C. Case-control using prevalent cases D. Experimental study design

B. Cohort study

Which has a wider interval? A. 80% confidence interval B. 90% confidence interval C. 95% confidence interval D. 99% confidence interval

D. 99% confidence interval

The following method of data analysis is most relevant for the cohort study design: A. Prevalence odds ratio B. Prevalence rate C. Odds ratio D. Relative risk

D. Relative risk

Aims to reveal the existing gaps in knowledge regarding the problem being studied A. significance of the study B. research question C. review of literature D. conceptual framework

C. review of literature

This is a sampling method wherein every subject falling within a fixed sampling interval is obtained from a population N which is arranged in some definite way: A. Simple random sampling B. Systematic sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Cluster sampling

B. Systematic sampling

When a researcher wants to test for the association between two categorical variables, the appropriate statistic to use is: a. Chi square b. T test c. Analysis of variance d. Correlation coefficient

a. Chi square

A nominal scale: A. is made up of labeled or named categories with no implied order B. is a ranking scale C. has an ordering of values with one better than the other D. has equal distances between values

A. is made up of labeled or named categories with no implied order

The rate that measures the probability of a person dying in a year regardless of age, sex, race, etc is: A. case fatality rate B. neonatal mortality rate C. crude death rate D. specific death rate

C. crude death rate

Which method of collecting data is devoid of observer error and bias? A. Interview B. Self-administered questionnaire C. Observation D. Review of documents

B. Self-administered questionnaire

Used to describe the relative importance of different fatal disease in the population of different age, sex, occupation etc. a. specific death rate b. attack rate c. cause of death rate d. proportionate mortality rate

a. specific death rate

The peculiar feature of a cross sectional study that distinguishes it from other study designs is: A. Information on both the independent and dependent variables are collected simultaneously at the time of the survey B. Information on the independent variable is collected first, after which the subjects are followed up later for assessment of the dependent variable C. Information on the dependent variable is obtained, after which assessment of the independent variable is made D. Information on both the independent and dependent variables are obtained by doing either queries or actual observation

A. Information on both the independent and dependent variables are collected simultaneously at the time of the survey

In a stratified sampling: A. k is determined by dividing the number of items in the sampling frame by the desired sample size B. the population is first divided into relevant subgroups and a random sample is selected from each C. the probability that a subject may be selected is unknown D. the assignment of subjects to treatments is done by using random methods

B. the population is first divided into relevant subgroups and a random sample is selected from each

The effect of an inadequate sample size for a study is: A. Subjects may not be a random representative of the base population B. There may not be enough subjects that will develop the outcome, in order to detect a difference C. The researcher will not be able to apply the appropriate statistical test for the kind of data available D. The researcher might find an association between independent and dependent variables, even if there actually is none

D. The researcher might find an association between independent and dependent variables, even if there actually is none

The group most vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies: a. Pregnant women b. Working group c. Adolescents d. Non-lactating mothers

a. Pregnant women

Which is used to test for differences among proportions? A. paired t-test B. B. 2-sample t-test C. ANOVA D. D. Chi-square test

D. D. Chi-square test

The most sanitary source of water is: a. Groundwater b. Rainwater c. Surface water d. Brackish water

a. Groundwater b. Rainwater

The primary disinfectant in water treatment: a. Fluorine b. Chlorine c. Aluminum sulfate d. Ferric sulfate

b. Chlorine

An investigator conducts a historical cohort study to explore the relationship between perimenopausal exogenous estrogen use and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 5000 exposed and 5000 unexposed women are enrolled and followed for 15 years for the development of myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 200 estrogen users and 300 nonusers had MIs. What is the relative risk for MI? A. 0.33 B. 0.50 C. 0.67 D. 1.5

C. 0.67

A study was undertaken to compare results of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. A total of 1,358 patients who met the study criteria were randomly assigned to one of four surgical procedures. The purpose of the randomization was to - A. ensure that the double-blind aspect of the study was maintained B. obtain the unbiased distribution of good- and poor-risk patients in all treatment groups C. achieve the same number of patients on each operation D. guarantee that the study group was a representative sample of the general population

B. obtain the unbiased distribution of good- and poor-risk patients in all treatment groups

newly developed test for diabetes produced positive results in 138 of 150 known diabetics and in 24 of 150 persons known not to have diabetes. What is the sensitivity of the test? A. 84% B. 85.2% C. 88% D. 92%

D. 92%

Treatment of a patient with gonorrhoea constitute: A. primary prevention for the patient, secondary prevention for potential contact B. secondary prevention for patient, primary prevention for potential contact C. secondary prevention for patient, tertiary prevention for contact D. tertiary prevention for contact, primary prevention for patient

B. secondary prevention for patient, primary prevention for potential contact

An indirect health impact of climate change: A. heat wave in Europe in 2003 causing more than 20,000 deaths B. respiratory illness due to an increase in ozone C. altered concentration of fungal spores causing respiratory problems D. El Niño events causing dengue outbreaks

D. El Niño events causing dengue outbreaks

This is a branch of medicine that deals with provision of comprehensive health care to people regardless of age or sex: A. Public Health B. Community Medicine C. Preventive Medicine D. Family Medicine

D. Family Medicine

This is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations: A. Family Medicine B. Preventive Medicine C. Epidemiology D. Public Health

C. Epidemiology

Which of the following is an example of chemoprophylaxis for newborns? A. Varicella vaccine B. Erythromycin ointment C. Folic acid D. BCG

B. Erythromycin ointment

Dr. Hook wants all of his children and their respective families to live with him and his wife until the time of his death. This is an example of what family structure? A. Nuclear B. Extended C. Single Parent D. Blended

B. Extended

The stepfather and half-brother of Keanna lives with her and her mother. This is an example of what family structure? A. Nuclear B. Extended C. Single Parent D. Blended

D. Blended

The family life cycle starts with this stage: A. Newly Married Couple B. Family With Young Children C. Unattached Young Adult D. Family With Adolescents

C. Unattached Young Adult

In the family APGAR, resolve is elicited by A. asking if the family supports the patient in his desire for progress B. looking into patient's desire to openly communicate problems with the family C. Asking if the patient feels loved by family members D. inquiring if the patient is given adequate time by the members of the family

D. inquiring if the patient is given adequate time by the members of the family

Which of the following does not describe the CURRENT state of the Philippine health situation? A. Double burden of disease B. Continuing threat from emerging and resurgent diseases C. Highly centralized health care system D. Large variations in health status across population and socioeconomic groups

C. Highly centralized health care system

A score of 8 on the family APGAR indicates: A. A highly functional family B. A moderately dysfunctional family C. A severely dysfunctional family D. A large, extended family structure

A. A highly functional family

Which of the following parameters are evaluated in SCREEM? A. Entrepreneurial B. Economic C. Resolve D. Mental

B. Economic

A dashed line that connects a male and female couple in the family genogram denotes A. A married couple B. A legally separated couple C. A consanguinous marriage D. Live-in partners

D. Live-in partners

You should use an arrow symbol in your patient's genogram to signify A. the index patient B. the head of the family C. Death in the family D. Provider of the family

A. the index patient

Stage in the illness trajectory experienced by the patient and family members prior to contact with medical care providers A. Onset of illness B. impact phase C. Major therapeutic efforts D. Early adjustment to outcomes

A. Onset of illness

The most catastrophic form of Cerebrovascular Accident A. Lacunar B. Thromoboembolic C. Hemorrhagic D. Transient ischemic attack

C. Hemorrhagic

Chronic bronchitis is a disorder in which productive cough is present in most days A. for at least 2 months of the year, for more than 3 consecutive years B. for at least 3 months of the year, for more than 2 consecutive years C. for at least 2 months of the year, for more than 2 consecutive years D. for at least 3 months of the year, for more than 3 consecutive years

B. for at least 3 months of the year, for more than 2 consecutive years

“It measures what is supposed to be measured” refers to: A. Specificity B. Sensitivity C. Validity D. Reliability

Reliability

In Epidemiology, it is defined as the proportion of the true negatives correctly identified by the test. A. Specificity B. Sensitivity C. Validity D. Reliability

A. Specificity

It is one with potentially an infinite number of possible values in any interval. A. Continuous variable B. Bulbous variable C. Categorical variable D. Discrete variable

A. Continuous variable

Another name for ranking scale, it has an implicit order relationship. A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio Scales

B. Ordinal

The most frequently occurring value in a series of observations: A. Frequency distribution B. Median C. Weighted mean D. Mode

D. Mode

The highest score minus the lowest score equals the: A. Percentile rank B. Interquartile difference C. Range D. Standard deviation

C. Range

The square root of variance: A. Standard deviation B. Interquartile range C. Percentile D. Kurtosis

A. Standard deviation

This measure compares standard deviations between several investigations examining the same variable: A. Coefficient of variation B. Fractional integer C. Frequency distribution D. Quartile deviation

A. Coefficient of variation

All of the following are true of the normal distribution EXCEPT: A. It is symmetrical about the mean B. It is completely determined by 2 parameters: the mean and the standard deviation C. It has different values for the mean, median, and the mode D. It has long tapering tails that extend infinitely in either direction without touching the X axis

C. It has different values for the mean, median, and the mode

The weight of Filipino babies at birth was measured and found to have a mean of 2500 grams and a standard deviation of 300 grams. Which of the following statements is true? A. 68.5% of the babies would have a weight ranging from 2200 to 2500 grams B. 95% of the babies would have a weight ranging from 1900 to 3100 grams C. 99.7% of Filipino babies would have a weight between 2200 and 2800 grams D. All of the babies measured will have a weight between 2200 and 2500 grams

B. 95% of the babies would have a weight ranging from 1900 to 3100 grams

Which of the following measures central of tendency will have the highest value in a distribution that is skewed to the left? A. Average B. Mean C. Median D. Mode

D. Mode

First step in a research process a. Introduction b. Research objective c. Hypothesis d. Conceptual definition e. Research problem

c. Hypothesis

The frequency distribution of the sample mean that is generated by performing repeated sampling and obtaining the mean from each sample is called a. Sampling distribution b. Percentage tabulation c. Frequency tabulation d. None of the above

a. Sampling distribution

This refers to a statement about the value of a population parameter which is either rejected or not rejected in hypothesis testing a. Research question b. Null hypothesis c. Alternative hypothesis d. Statistical decision

b. Null hypothesis

The test statistic that is used to compare the proportions of three different groups is a. z-test b. t-test c. Chi-square test d. Linear regression

c. Chi-square test

The process of determining a range of values such that the parameter of interest is included in this range is called a. Interval estimation b. Point estimation c. Hypothesis testing d. Critical region

a. Interval estimation

In hypothesis testing, this refers to the probability of obtaining the observed result or a more extreme one under the null hypothesis a. type I error b. power c. p-value d. type II error

c. p-value

In a study to compare the efficacy of two drugs, the statement “The proportion of patients that are cured by Drug A is the same as that by Drug B”, is called a a. Null hypothesis b. Alternative hypothesis c. Statistical decision d. Research synthesis

a. Null hypothesis

The first step in hypothesis testing is a. State the level of significance b. Specify the test statistic c. State the alternative hypothesis d. State the null hypothesis

d. State the null hypothesis

Which of the following statements is true about confidence intervals? a.The higher the confidence level, the wider the interval estimate. b.The higher the confidence level, the narrower the interval estimate. c.The confidence level does not affect the width of the confidence interval. d.None of the above

a.The higher the confidence level, the wider the interval estimate.

Incidence of a disease in a particular population over a specified time period: a.Morbidity rate b.Mortality rate C. Attack rate D. Crude rate

a.Morbidity rate

The cumulative incidence of the disease when the duration of a disease is short and the observation period covers an entire epidemic: a. Case fatality rate b.Attack rate C. Mortality rate D. Morbidity rate

b.Attack rate

An individual who has contact with or who manifests the risk factor prior to becoming ill: a.Exposed b.Inflicted C. Infected D. Well

a.Exposed

The program of “ Doctors to the barrios”, includes analyzing the health problems of the residents of the villages, treating the sick , and formulating a health program suited to the area. This is an example of: a. Public health b. Community medicine c. Preventive medicine d. Social medicine

The infant mortality rate of a country in a given year is 45.1 per year per 1000 live birth means: a.45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday b.45.1% of all deaths occurred in infants below one year c.45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday per 1000 live births d.45.1 infants per 1000 of the population died

a.45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday c.45.1 infants died before reaching their first birthday per 1000 live births

An extraneous variable is called a. Independent variable b.Confounding variable c.Dependent variable d.Exposure variable

b.Confounding variable

The program of “ Doctors to the barrios”, includes analyzing the health problems of the residents of the villages, treating the sick , and formulating a health program suited to the area. The function/s of the physicians of the “Doctors to the Barrios” is/are: a. Curative only b. Community organization only c. Curative and preventive d. Preventive only

Performance of new born screening should be done : A. 24 hours after birth but not more than one week B. 24 hours after birth but not more than five days C. 24 hours after birth but not more than three days D. anytime after birth E. none of the above

C. 24 hours after birth but not more than three days

The branch of medicine that concentrates on keeping people well is called: a. Public Health b. Preventive Medicine c. Social medicine d. Community medicine

AIDS global statistics has been of ____ proportion/occurence for the past 20 years: a. Epidemic b. Sporadic c. Pandemic d. Endemic

Criteria that justifies doing screening test: a. Can identify patients who have the disease at symptomatic stage b. Can identify patients likely to have the disease at pre-symptomatic stage c. Can identify patients who will not benefit from rehabilitation. d. Can identify patients who will not benefit from treatment.

The variable assumed to influence the problem a.Independent variable b.Confounding variable c,Dependent variable d.Continuous variable

a.Independent variable b.Confounding variable

Monthly self-breast examination for all women is a form of: a. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary prevention b. Tertiary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Primary prevention

Newborn Screening Act of 2004 is also known as: A. RA 9288 B. RA 9388 C. RA 9287 D. RA 9387

A. RA 9288

With a known source of the Typhoid fever infection in the community, the process of collecting data on the number of immunized against typhoid community residents who developed the disease is: a. Identification of the disease b. Searching for causes of the disease c. Assessment of the effectivity of health services d. Studying the history of the disease

Penalties imposed in on individuals who violate the clean air act are the following except: A. first offense – one thousand pesos B. second offense – not less than two thousand pesos but not more than four thousand C. third offense – suspension of drivers license D. fourth offense – imprisonment of three months

D. fourth offense – imprisonment of three months

The assumption of the relation between two variables to be studied a. Introduction b.Research objective c.Hypothesis d.Conceptual definition e. Research problem

c.Hypothesis

An Act which was design to promote corneal transplantation in the country: A. Corneal Transplant ACT B. Organ Transplantation ACT of 1998 C. Enacted on February 20,1995 D. Enacted on May 20,1995

C. Enacted on February 20,1995

Which of the following characteristics exemplify a Filipino family? a. Average number of children is 3 b. Parent-centered c. Authority is based on has the strongest personality d. Places a high value on education

A study that describes an interesting or unusual condition in a group of patients A. Case report B. Ecological study C. Cross-sectional study D. Case control study E. Case series

E. Case series

Recall bias is a common problem in what type of study a. Case report b. Ecological study c. Cross-sectional study d. Case control study e. Cohort study

d. Case control study

For the next 2 items, please refer to the following data: XX City recorded 1,320 deaths from pneumonia between January to march 2021, out of 3,000 reported pneumonia cases. XX City has a population of 2 million. The datum that can be obtained from the given information is: a. Crude Death Rate b. Morbidity rate c. Prevalence Rate d. Case fatality rate

A study that establishes the association between risk factor and outcome variable a.Case report b.Ecological study c.Cross-sectional study d.Case control study e.Cohort study

e.Cohort study

In epidemiologic studies, the identification of causal factors is based on the experience of a.An individual b.A group of individuals c. Experimentation d. None of the above

b.A group of individuals

The datum that makes use of the given population in the formula is: a. Cause-specific death rate b. Maternal mortality c. Case fatality rate d. Infant mortality

This refers to statistical procedures that allow valid generalization of results from a sample to the population it is supposed to represent a.Statistical Association b.Causal Association c.Descriptive statistics d.Statistical inference

d.Statistical inference

Which of the following is NOT a socio-cultural influence on health? a. Traditional treatment practices for fever using face towels soaked in vinegar. b. The garbage disposal system in Barangay Luz is successful because of the excellent cooperation of local citizens. c. The air in the city is heavy with pollution due to the lax monitoring of vehicle emissions by the government. d. The patient has a good immunity against measles, after vaccination.

When one sets of the maximum probability of making an error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, he is specifying the a.Critical region b.Statistical test c.Level of Significance d.Power

c.Level of Significance

On the part of the victim, the phase immediately following the violent outburst is characterized by: a. Anxiety b. Fear c. Tension d. Denial of the problem

In statistical inference, this term refers to the total collection of elements of interest a.Population b.Sample c.Parameter d.Statistic

a.Population d.Statistic

Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health is the meaning of: a. Primary care b. Health promotion c. Treatment of Diseases d. Dimension of health

This refers to the procedures in assessing evidence from a sample, whether or not the data from the sample supports a hypothesis about a population a.Statistical inference b.Estimation c.Hypothesis testing d.Descriptive statistics

c.Hypothesis testing

Fault-finding, impatience and accusation, before the violent outburst, are commonly observed in which phase of the cycle of violence? a. Pursuit b. Honeymoon c. Remorse d. Build-Up

In a sample of 500 Grade I children examined, 450 were found to have dental caries. The proportion 90% computed by dividing 450 by 500 is an example of a.Population b.Sample c.Parameter d.Statistic e. unskilled workers

d.Statistic

"Double burden of disease” means a. While the patient has to suffer the physiologic effects of an illness, he also has to contend with its psychological and economic impact b. While infectious diseases of poverty still abound, degenerative illnesses are on the rise. c. The top causes of morbidity always comes in a pair of related illnesses d. An infectious disease may be aggravated by a concomitant degenerative illness.

b. While infectious diseases of poverty still abound, degenerative illnesses are on the rise.

Mr. and Mrs. Paolo and Emy Miraflores, with their children, 5-year-old Zara and 3-year old Manu and Grandmother live in a condominium unit with their helper. Gina, who has been the nanny of Emy since she was a baby. What is the classification of the family? a. Blended b. Composite/Compound c. Nuclear d. Extended

Which of the following does not describe the CURRENT state of the Philippine health situation? a.Double burden of disease b.Continuing threat from emerging and resurgent diseases c.Highly centralized health care system d.Large variations in health status across population and socioeconomic groups e.Health status generally improving but at a slower rate compared to neighboring Asian countries

c.Highly centralized health care system

This framework states that when the man becomes a more public figure, the woman should complement with the natural, domestic and private family life: a. Economic b. Social c. Religion d. Physical

In relation to the preceding question, which agency takes the principal responsibility for primary health care and service delivery at the community level as accorded by law? a.Local Government Chief Executives (like the Mayor, Governors) b.The Department of Health Secretary c.The President of the Republic d.The Doctors and midwives in the community

a.Local Government Chief Executives (like the Mayor, Governors) d.The Doctors and midwives in the community

The principle of Stewardship is about: a. The provision of each person’s needs by the family. b. The doctor must respect the patient’s rights. c. The government’s responsibility is to carry the burden of all the people’s health care. d. Each person’s responsibility is to look after his/her own health.

After infancy, this is the most common cause of disease and deaths for young children, especially below 5 years of age a.Immunizable Infectious disease b.Degenerative diseases c.Emerging diseases like Avian Flu d.Malnutrition

d.Malnutrition

Transmission of HIV may occur by: a. Skin-to-skin contact b. Entry of contaminated blood into the circulation. c. Airborne infected droplet that is inhaled. d. Ingesting contaminated food and water.

RA 7883 is also known as: A. Medical workers benefits and compensation act B. Barangay Health Workers Incentives and Benefits Act of 1995 C. Barangay Health Workers Benefits Act of 2003 D. Voluntary Blood Donation Act of 2002

B. Barangay Health Workers Incentives and Benefits Act of 1995

The City Health Office and the Department of Health are monitoring the increasing number of cases of COVID-19 disease in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, with the primary objective of: a. Making a headcount of all the sick persons. b. Prevention of disease spread c. Testing for the disease d. Early treatment

Hospital Licensure Act, which requires that all hospitals be licensed is also known as: A. RA 4226 B. RA 2426 C. RA 2264 D. RA 1235

A. RA 4226

What value of communication is seen when a father commends his son for his good grades? a. Relationship b. Professional c. Cultural d. Personal

The National Blood Services Act was enacted into law in: A. 1996 B. 1995 C. 2000 D. 1994

D. 1994

Mila’s father and mother both have Diabetes. She consulted because of polyuria. Which determinant of health is explored in history? a. Social factors b. Nutrition c. Belief systems d. Genetic inheritance

An Act establishing Philhealth is also known as: A. Philippine Health Insurance Act of 1995 B. National Health Insurance Act of 1995 C. National blood donation Act of 1995 D. Philippine Health Insurance and Benefits Act of 1995

D. Philippine Health Insurance and Benefits Act of 1995

When a physician is faced with a patient whose face and body are deformed by scars from severe burns, the physician must provide counseling service, focusing on which dimension/s of the illness? a. Economic b. Physical and Psychological c. Social and economic d. Physical, Psychological, Social, Economic

Traditional and Alternative medicine act of 1997 established this to promote traditional and alternative medicine. A. TAMATH B. PATIHC C. PITAHC D. TAMHC

C. PITAHC

TAMA was established in: A. June 28, 1997 B. August 28,1996 C. September 30,1998 D. July 28, 1997

D. July 28, 1997

Republic Act 8344 is an amendment to : A. PB 107 B. PB 239 C. PB 701 D. PB 578

B. PB 239

On of the policies of this Act is to protect the consumer from deceptive, unfair and unconscionable sales act and practices. A.RA 7393 B. Consumer Act of the Philippines C. Both D. None of the Above

B. Consumer Act of the Philippines

The level of state involvement is lowest in which policy instrument? a.Auction of property rights b.Information and exhortation c.Subsidy d.Regulations

b.Information and exhortation

An Act regulating the packaging, use, sale and distribution of tobacco and other related products. A.RA 9211 B. PB 9211 C. tobacco protection act of 2003 D. Tobacco Distribution Act of 2002

A.RA 9211

The Magna Carta of Public Health Workers, also known as RA 7305 was enacted on: A. April 24,1993 B. March 26, 1992 C. April 24, 1994 D. May 1,1993

B. March 26, 1992

To promote and encourage voluntary blood donation is one of the policies of the: A. Blood Donation Act B. Organ Donation Act C. Blood Services Act D. Organ Services Act

C. Blood Services Act

An Act regulating the practice of pharmacy in the Philippines: A. RA 5678 B. RA 5932 C. RA 5921 D. RA 5934

C. RA 5921

RA 8344 is also known as: A. National AIDS Prevention Act B. Tobacco Distribution Act C. Act Preventing Hospital Deposits D. Clean Air Act

C. Act Preventing Hospital Deposits

The epidemiologic study is about: a. Historical study b. Identification of a syndrome c. Searching for a cause d. Determination of individual risks and chances

Conducting an ocular view of all existing hospitals in the Philippines is one of the duties of the : A. DPWH B. Department of Sanitation C. DOH- Hospital Services D. Hospital Licensure Board

C. DOH- Hospital Services

An act to promote, require and ensure the adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and medicines identifies by their generic names. A. Generics Act B. Pharmacy Regulation Act C. AIDS Act D. RA 6665

A. Generics Act

An Act prohibiting the sale, distribution and manufacture of counterfeit drugs: A. RA 8302 B. RA 8023 C. RA 8203 D. RA 8032

A. RA 8302

The Clean Air Act of 1999 was enacted on: A. June 23, 1998 B. July 28,1999 C. July 27,1999 D. July 27,1998

D. July 27,1998

The number of guests who ate the barbeque is: a. 28 b. 48 c. 38 d. 58

Included in the mandate of this act is the reporting of HIV/ AIDS positive individuals for the purpose of monitoring AIDS cases in the Philippines: A. HIV monitoring and control act of 1997 B. Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 C. Philippine AIDS Control Act of 1998 D. AIDS ACT of 1997

B. Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

The food that caused the diarrhea was eaten by a total number of _____ persons. a. 69 b. 41 c. 67 d. 28

When was the Alma Ata declaration initially intended to be achieved? a. Year 1990 b. Year 2000 c. Year 2015 d. Undetermined

b. Year 2000

When are the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initially intended to be achieved? a.Year 1990 b.Year 2000 c.Year 2015 d.Undetermined

c.Year 2015

Which of the following is not a direct health-related MDGs? a.Reduce child mortality by two-thirds among children under five b.Improve maternal health by reducing maternal mortality by three-quarters c.Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases d.Achieve universal primary education

d.Achieve universal primary education

Which of the following is not an MDG? a.Achieve universal primary education b.Promote gender equality and empower women c.Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases d.Achieve Universal health promotion activities

d.Achieve Universal health promotion activities

The total number of guests at the party is ___: a. 100 b. 200 c. 67 d. 33

Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health is the meaning of: a. Dimensions of health b. Alma Ata Declaration c. Health promotion d. Treatment of diseases

Risk assessment provides a record of the rationale for changes over the course of the event including the following except: a. Creating supportive environment b. Key decisions and actions c. Assessed level risk d. Recommendation control measures

Which approach enumerated below emphasizes the need for community participation in achieving betterment for health? a.Primary Care Approach b.Millennium Development Goals c.Primary Health Care approach d.Eradication of Extreme Poverty and Hunger

c.Primary Health Care approach

Knowledge about disease prevention empowers the community for: a. Health maintenance b. Disease treatment c. Primary care d. Manage of chronic illnesses

Which approach enumerated below emphasizes the need for investments in health to achieve national development? a.Primary Care Approach b.Millennium Development Goals c.Primary Health Care approach d.Eradication of Extreme Poverty and Hunger

b.Millennium Development Goals

The number one organ system affected among the leading causes of mortality, based on the most recent survey of the Department of Health: a. Respiratory b. Cardiovascular c. Gastrointestinal d. Urinary tract

Jeffrey Sachs, a Harvard-educated economist, authored the document commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) that eventually established the global funds. The said funds pooled monetary and various resources together at the global level and earmarked these into Programs and activities targeted to eradicate debilitating diseases, especially in aid of developing countries. What is the title of his document? a.WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health b.WHO Commission on Health-related Economics c.Primary Health Care d.The Commission on the Millennium Development Goals

a.WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health

The MDGs stipulated reductions in maternal and child mortalities by a fraction of a benchmark value. The MDGs are compared to the situation during which year that served as benchmark? a.1990 b.2000 c.2015 d.undetermined

a.1990

Mr. Roces is diagnosed with pneumonia and aside from the antibiotic, he was advised to stop smoking by his physician, Dr. Abella. The immediate purpose of the advice to stop smoking is to: a. Protect the family from getting the infection b. Protect Mr. Roces from having cancer of the lungs c. Hasten the healing process of Mr. Roces d. Prevent the family from having cancer.

Which of the following statements is false? a.The document that served as basis for the MDGs showed evidences between the links of disease and poverty. b.The Alma Ata Declaration is obsolete since it should have been achieved in the year 2000. c.The Alma Ata Declaration uses the primary health care approach. d.The Millennium Development Goals is conceptualized behind the idea that better health means better productivity and vice-versa. e.The MDGs push us to achieve better investments for health.

b.The Alma Ata Declaration is obsolete since it should have been achieved in the year 2000.

Which of the following is not an essential element of primary health care? a.Immunization b.Essential Medicines c.Maternal Mortality d.Water and Sanitation

c.Maternal Mortality

Which of the following is not an essential element of primary health care? a.Nutrition and supplemental feeding b.Essential Medicines c.Maternal and Child Health d.Population Control and Management

d.Population Control and Management

Mr. Roces is diagnosed with pneumonia and aside from the antibiotic, he was advised to stop smoking by his physician, Dr. Abella. Dr. Abella’s effort in advising Mr. Roces to stop smoking is a form of ___ measure. a. Preventive b. Rehabilitative c. Summative d. Curative

Which of the following is not an essential element of primary health care? a.Immunization b.Endemic Diseases c.Universal Primary Education d.Curative Care

c.Universal Primary Education

What year was the Alma Ata Declaration adopted by over 130 WHO Member-States, including the Philippines? a.1958 b.1968 c.1978 d.1988 e.1998

c.1978

According to the WHO, health is defined as: a..Not merely the absence of disease b.The absence of infirmity c.The complete physical, mental and social well-being of a person d.All of the above e.None of the above

d.All of the above

The branch of medicine empowered to impose sanctions to violators of the “NO SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES” is: a. Public health b. Community medicine c. Social medicine d. Private clinical practice

Advising the people through television, newspaper and radio about all the diseases associated with cigarette smoking is an activity of: a. Community medicine b. Public Health c. Preventive medicine d. Social medicine

Which of the following statements is TRUE of Small group Discussion? a. People are not so comfortable interacting in small groups. b. People may feel threatened. c. Experts are not always good teachers. d. It needs careful thought as to purpose of the group discussion.

A sudden increase of Pneumocystis carinii infection in the 1980’s, in the East Coast of the United States, was strongly associated with HIV/AIDS. Which of the following is LEAST among the uses of epidemiology in this case? a. Complete the clinical picture of HIV/AIDS b. Search for the cause of HIV/AIDS c. Assessment of health services d. Establish individual risks and chances.

A first year medical student has an assignment, and she thinks that having a comprehensive information of the health status of Cebu province will prepare her better for the discussion. What information does she need? a. Number of tuberculosis cases b. Birth rate c. Mortality rate d. Total number of hospital admissions

The Department of Health has to plan relevant health promotion programs which should be based on which of the following? a. Ten leading causes of mortality. b. Stages of TB illness c. Response of patients in the hospital to treatment. d. Age range of mothers with the most number of deliveries.

SARS-CoV-2 is the disease a. Agent b. Host c. Vector d. Force

Between January to June 2020, Cebu City Barangays reported the following number of cases for Measles; Barangay A = 2, Barangay B = 2. Barangay C = 1. The situation is called: a. Sporadic b. Pandemic c. Epidemic d. Endemic

Which of the following scenarios best portrays a secondary prevention on Colorectal cancer involving a population scope? a. Organized colonoscopy screening programs sponsored by DOH for Barangays of Mandaue City. b. Hemoccult stool testing detect colorectal cancer early of Lola basyang since her father died of Colorectal cancer. c. Publicity campaigns alerting the public to the benefits of lifestyle changes in preventing colorectal cancers such as promotion of high fiber diets, giving subsidies to help people access exercise programs and conducting anti-smoking campaigns by the Department of Health. d. Counseling on healthy lifestyle, e.g Dietary counseling for people risk of Colorectal cancer given by the medical students of Cebu Doctors’ University.

The success of the family planning program is measured by a decrease in: a. Life Expectancy b. Morbidity Rate c. Death Rate d. Fertility Rate

Placing our hand over a friend’s shoulder to express our concern for loss of a loved one is example of: a. Decoding b. Content c. Channel d. feedback

Improved segregation of solid waste will reduce the daily garbage output, which is: a. 1 kg/person/day b. 2.0 kg/person/day c. 1.5 kg/person/day d. 0.5 kg/person/day

What model of healthcare does community-oriented education belong? a. Person-centered b. Community centered c. Environment-centered d. Disease-centered

The study employs which of the following uses of epidemiology? a. Search for a cause b. Historical study c. Individual risks and chances d. Identification of a syndrome

The table shows that the age group with the most number of admitted respiratory cases is the: a. 10-11 years old b. 1-5 years old c. 5-10 years old d. 0-1 year old

The table shows that the female patients are: a. More exposed to allergens causing asthma b. More in number than the male patients c. More difficult to treat d. More serious than the male patients

Community planning should start with: a. Educational analysis b. Identification of roles and their relationships c. Determination of sources d. Formation of objectives

Which of the following does not belong to the DOH 12S steps to fight stress? a. Self-awareness b. Sports c. Selfless d. Smile

In some cultures the boys are given priority on access to food, health services and education, which makes the girls less healthy,due to which determinant? a. Education b. Folk medicine c. Epidemiologic triad d. Basic value System

Which of the following is an example of secondary preventive measure for lung disease? a. Help in the campaign for clean environment b. Sputum test for bacteria c. Staying away from crowded places like bars d. Immunization against influenza and pneumonia.

Bruce Banner, 45 year-old has his annual check-up. His findings show that he now has Essential Hypertension Stage 1 and Hypercholesterolemia. After consulting with his primary care doctor he was started on maintenance medication. This is an example of what level of prevention? a. Secondary b. Major c. Tertiary d. Primary

This level of prevention refers to the early detection and prompt treatment of diseases in order to prevent the onset of complications or their disease condition in those who already have the disease: a. Both primary and secondary b. Primary c. Secondary and Tertiary d. Secondary

The World Health Organization wants to prevent the occurrence of Zika in several countries, a trend known as: a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Sporadic d. Pandemic

The best people to identify and prioritize community health problems are the a. Health workers b. Social workers c. Consultants d. Community residents

In 2011, Barangay X had about 3 reported cases of AH1N1 infection. The occurrences are called: a. Pandemic b. Epidemic c. Sporadic d. Endemic

When the grandmother imposes on her method of treating the fever of her grand daughter by giving Royal Tru-Orange mixed with raw egg, which dimension of the illness is being demonstrated? a. Physical b. Economic c. Psychological d. Social

RM, a 28-year-old housewife, is married to an engineer. For the past three months RM had been asking money and groceries from her mother because her husband did not give her enough money for household and personal needs. What type of domestic violence is shown by the case? a. Physical abuse b. Sexual abuse c. Psychological abuse d. Economic abuse

One of the following is a risk factor: a. Osteoporosis is more common in females than in males. b. There is notable increase in the case of drug addiction among teenagers. c. High fat diet can increase the chance of heart attack. d. Malnutrition is one of the common problems among children in some parts of Africa.

Which of the following DOES NOT belong among the host factors in disease occurence? a. Smoke-filled computer room b. Immunized yearly against influenza c. Age: 80 years old d. Overweight

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a means to achieve which goal of medicine? a. To relieve suffering b. To restore health c. To preserve health d. To prevent progression of illness

Immunization of all infants against measles is means to achieve the goals of medicine, specifically, to a. Preserve health b. Relieve suffering c. Prevent progression of illness. d. Restore health.

Which has the following correct assumption regarding a child-learner/ a. The child enters learning with task-centered orientation. b. The child is ready to learn anything. c. The child has a need to know why they should learn something. d. The child has an independent personality.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding health education? a. It transmits information from one person or group of persons to bring about change in behaviour. b. It deals with the distribution and determinants of diseases or conditions in a population. c. It advocates needed environmental changes to facilitate its goal and conducts professional training and research. d. It deals with early detection and prompt treatment of diseases.

What is the main role of the teacher in andragogy? a. Decides how a certain topic should be learned. b. All of the choices are correct. c. Guide for helps in the learning process d. Makes decision on what should be learned.

Mass immunization for COVID-19 is a function of: a. Public Health b. Community medicine c. Private Clinical practice d. Social medicine

This household is the typical case described as being economically independent, subsisting in the first instance from the occupational earnings of the husband father. a. Extended b. Nuclear c. Corporate d. Blended

The branch of medicine that is concern at the interactions between health, disease and social environment is: a. Preventive Medicine b. Social medicine c. Community medicine d. Public health

Which of the following is not a criterion for mental health? a. Material possession b. Mental efficiency c. Healthy emotions d. Peace of mind

Notifiable diseases are mostly: a. Heart diseases b. Cancers c. Women’s diseases d. Infectious diseases

Which of the following spectrum of diseases occurrence is described when the louse borne typhus appeared to be in foci in the highland areas of Ethiopia and Peru? a. Endemic b. Epidemic c. Pandemic d. Sporadic

Traditionally, who will say this saying in the context of Filipino family violence: “He who holds the gold makes the rule.”? a. Child b. Wife c. Grandmother d. Husband

The husband frequently monitors the activities of his wife and doesn’t allow her to talk with their neighbors particularly of the male population. What is the behaviour in the power control wheel that the abusive husband is showing? a. Isolation b. Threats c. Intimidation d. Using more privilege

What stage of the family life cycle wherein parents must develop adult type relationships between grown-up children and themselves. a. Family with adolescents b. Launching family c. Family with young children d. Newly married couple

Which among the following is an important foundation of adult health? a. Social gradients includes size and quality of home and community where they live. b. Early life with a difficult and uninteresting learning process. c. Stress cause poor mental health and premature death. d. Social exclusion creates misery and costs lives.

One of the limitations of a lecture is: a. Learning is difficult to gauge b. Audience lacks interest and is not motivated c. It doesn’t stimulate much thinking d. It lacks in challenging attitudes and values.

When the patient suffers from low self-esteem due to disfigurement, this reflects to which dimension of health? a. Physical b. Spiritual c. Social d. Mental

In making objectives for health education, the following is important: a. An effective objective requires hands-on experience. b. Instructor ability is important in planning the learning activity. c. They are worded in terms of learner behaviour. d. Evaluation clarifies what needs to be strengthened.

Drugs, alcohol and sexually transmitted disease are common problems in this stage of family development: a. Launching family b. Family with adolescent child/children c. Family with child/children of school-age d. Family with newborn child

A decrease in life expectancy at birth means: a. More expenditures for diseases associated with the elderly. b. Decrease in the number of babies born. c. Less people will reach old age d. No need to improves health services for the general public.

A component in the communication process wherein conditions such as attitudes and feelings we have for ourselves and other people can affect how we respond to others. a. Encoding b. Content c. Decoding d. Feedback

Which of the following is an example of a health promotion measure? a. Vitamin supplementation to increase body resistance b. Use of mosquito repellant c. Isolating patients with infectious disease d. Utilizing of health/medical services

The ability of the man to control the laws and institution of society combined with men’s superior status as “PATRIARCH” is described as one of the following frameworks: a. Spiritual b. Physical c. Cultural d. Economic

A good measure of improving health of the nation is an increasing: a. Birth rate b. Death rate c. Fertility rate d. Life expectancy

Most common mode of Tuberculosis transmission is by: a. Skin-to-skin contact b. Entry of contaminated blood into the circulation c. Ingesting contaminated food and water d. Inhaled airborne infected droplet

Which of the following is a primary preventive measure? a. Physical therapy and speech therapy for post-stroke patient b. Anti-tetanus vaccination for garbage collection c. Lifestyle advice for hypertensive patients d. Antibiotic treatment for infection

The primary objective of health education is to: a. Improve health practices b. Transfer technology to lay personnel c. Impart knowledge d. Promote health in general

The type of toilet that we have at CDUCM is: a. Septic tank system b. Sanitary pit privy c. Water seal latrine d. Antipolo pit privy

It is one of the implications to practice in pedagogy. a. Creating a design for mutual planning. b. Find the most effective method for transmitting the content. c. Translating learning needs into objectives. d. Diagnosing the child’s learning needs.

A group of barangay health workers (BHW) from Barangay Lorega conducted a return demonstration on handwashing among mothers of grade school children because they noted that the incidence of diarrhea is higher this year compared to the previous years. These barangay health workers are concerned with: a. The health needs and demands of the whole community. b. The prevention of disease from which the community suffers. c. Making a community diagnosis. d. Knowing the special coverage for those at risk.

preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort” are functions of: a. Preventive medicine b. Public health c. All clinicians d. Generalist physician

At the Outreach program area in Kauswagan, the medical students try to identify the problems of the households in te area, and plan for disease prevention. Such is the function of: a. Community medicine b. Social medicine c. Private clinical practice d. Public Health

The first worldwide spread of cholera began in 1817 from the Ganges River to Asia and Africa. This is an example of: a. Pandemic b. Sporadic c. Epidemic d. Endemic

Melencio Grande, a widower with a 7-year-old daughter and Millenia Lista a widow, with a 9-year-old and 5-year-old children got married. They have a _____ type of family. a. Blended b. Nuclear c. Composite or Compound d. Extended

In the non-violent wheel of family relations, the core of the relationship between husband and wife is ____. a. Equality b. Male dominance in the relationship c. Whoever has the higher income between husband and wife. d. Female dominance in the relationship.

Constantly insulting the husband in private is a form of which type of abuse? a. Psychological b. Economic c. Social d. Sexual

Motivating people is one the main objective of the health education. Which among the following exemplifies this objective? a. Giving lecture series about family planning and its advantages. b. TB-DOTS personnel make sure that patients enrolled are religiously taking their anti-TB medications. c. A company providing fitness gym and giving schedule to employees to have at least 30-45 minutes of exercise 3-5x a week. d. Health centers continuously gives free primary immunizations to children in the barangay

One-on-one advice to a patient about exercise and low-fat diet commonly occurs in which setting? a. Clinical practice b. Community medicine c. Public health d. Social medicine

The desired result of the biological function of the family is to be: a. Respectful b. A skilled productive adult c. Well-nourished and free of disease d. Religious

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Flashcards

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