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Musculoskeletal system > Primary bone tumors > Flashcards

Primary bone tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common benign tumor?

A

Osteochondroma

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2
Q

Osteochondroma: in who and what age?

A

Males <25 y/o

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3
Q

Osteochondroma: location

A

Methaphysis of long bones

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4
Q

Osteochondroma: what is it?

A

Lateral bony projection of growth plate (continuous with marrow space) covered by a cartilaginous cap

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5
Q

Does osteochondroma rarely transfrom into?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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6
Q

Lateral bony projection of growth plate (continuous with marrow space) covered by a cartilaginous cap. What is it?

A

Osteochondroma

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7
Q

Osteoma: what age do people get this?

A

Middle age

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8
Q

Osteoma: location?

A

Surface of facial bones

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9
Q

What is osteoma associated with?

A

Gardner syndrome (polyps in intestine)

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10
Q

What is Gardner syndrome associated with?

A

Osteoma

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11
Q

Which benign bone tumor arises in the facial bones?

A

Osteoma

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12
Q

Osteoid osteoma: what age and who?

A

Adults < 25 y/o
Males more often than females

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13
Q

Osteoid osteoma: where?

A

Cortex of long bones

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14
Q

Osteoid osteoma: what is it?

A

Bony mass <2cm with radiolucent osteoid core

Radiolucent: less dens/darker
Osteoid: unmineralized bone

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15
Q

Osteoid osteoma: presentation?

A

Bone pain (worse at night) that is relieved by NSAIDsW

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16
Q

Which tumor presents itself with pain (worse at night), that gets relieved with NSAIDs?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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17
Q

Which benign bone tumor is <2cm with a radiolucent osteoid core?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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18
Q

Which benign tumor is present in the cortex of long bones?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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19
Q

Osteoblastoma: more often in males or females?

A

Males

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20
Q

Osteoblastoma: location?

A

Vertebrae

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21
Q

Osteoblastoma: similar histology to which tumor?

A

Osteoid osteoma

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22
Q

Osteoblastoma: what is it?

A

Bony mass with osteoid core, >2cm
In vertebrae

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23
Q

Osteoblastoma: responsive to NSAIDs?

A

no

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23
Q

Osteoblastoma: size?

A

> 2 cm

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23
Q

Chondroma: location?

A

Medulla of small bones of hand and feet

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23
Q

Osteoid osteoma: size?

A

<2 cm

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23
Q

Bony mass with osteoid core in vertebra, bigger than 2cm. What is it?

A

Osteoblastoma

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23
Q

Osteoid osteoma: responsive to NSAIDs?

A

yes

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24
Q

Chondroma: what is it?

A

Benign tumor of cartilage

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25
Q

Benign tumor of cartilage, what is it?

A

Chondroma

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26
Q

Which tumor arises in the medulla of small bones of hand and feet?

A

Chondroma

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27
Q

Giant cell tumor: what age?

A

20-40 y/o

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28
Q

Giant cell tumor: location in bone?

A

Epiphysis of long bones

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29
Q

Giant cell tumor: arises near which body part?

A

Knee

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30
Q

Which benign bone tumor usually arises in the epiphysis of long bones, near the knee?

A

Giant cell tumor

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31
Q

Giant cell tumor: benign or maligant?

A

Benign, but locally aggressive

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32
Q

Giant cell tumor: histology

A

Neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL (osteoblast-like)
+
Reactive multi-nucleated giant cells (osteoclast-like)

‘osteoclastoma’

RANK Ligand is normally expressed on osteoblasts, activates osteoclasts

33
Q

Giant cell tumor: appearance on x-ray?

A

soap bubble

34
Q

Which tumor has a soap-bubble appearance on x-ray?

A

Giant cell tumor

35
Q

Which tumor has the following histology:

Mononucleated cells that express RANKL and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells?

A

Giant cell tumor

36
Q

Which tumor accounts for 20% of primary bone cancers?

A

Osteosarcoma

37
Q

Which tumor has a peak incidence as primary tumor in males <20 years?

A

Osteosarcoma

38
Q

Osteosarcoma: peak incidence as primary tumor in who?

A

Males <20 years

39
Q

Osteosarcoma: secondary to which diseases in adults?

A

Paget
Bone infarcts
Radiation
Familial retinoblastoma
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53 mutation)

40
Q

Which bone tumor can be secondary to Paget?

A

Osteosarcoma

41
Q

Osteosarcoma: location?

A

Metaphysis of long bones
often knee region

42
Q

osteosarcoma: close to which body part?

A

knee

43
Q

which malignant bone tumor usually arises in the metaphysis of long bones?

A

osteosarcoma

44
Q

which malignant bone tumor usually arises close to the knee?

A

osteosarcoma

45
Q

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, li-fraumeni?

A

osteosarcoma

46
Q

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, bone infarcts and bone radiation?

A

osteosarcoma

47
Q

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, familial retinoblastoma?

A

osteosarcoma

48
Q

osteosarcoma: histology?

A

pleomorphic osteoid-producing cells (malignant osteoblasts)

49
Q

which bone tumor consists of malignant osteoblasts?

A

osteosarcoma

50
Q

which bone tumor consists of pleiomorphic osteoid producing cells?

A

osteosarcoma

51
Q

what do the malignant osteoblasts in osteosarcoma produce?

A

osteoid

52
Q

how does osteosarcoma present?

A

painful enlarging mass or pathological fracturs

53
Q

which tumor presents as a painful enlarging mass or with pathological fractures?

A

osteosarcoma

54
Q

osteosarcoma: x-ray findings?

A

Codman triangle and sunburst pattern

55
Q

codman triangle on x-ray, suggestive of?

A

osteosarcoma

56
Q

sunburst pattern on -xray, suggestive of?

A

osteosarcoma

57
Q

how does the codman triangle arise?

A

elevation of periosteum (botvlies)

58
Q

is primary osteosarcoma responsive to chemotherapy and surgery?

A

usually, yes

59
Q

which has worse prognosis, primary or secondary osteosarcoma?

A

secondary

60
Q

Chondrosarcoma: most common in who?

A

adults >50 y/o

61
Q

chondrosarcoma: location?

A

medulla of pelvis, proximal femur and humerus

62
Q

which tumor usually arises in: medulla of pelvis, proximal femur and humerus?

A

chondrosarcoma

63
Q

chondrosarcoma: which cells are malignant?

A

chondrocytes

64
Q

which tumor consists of malignant chondrocytes?

A

chondrosarcoma

65
Q

chondrosarcoma: what are the characteristics of lytic cases?

A

intralesional calcifications, endosteal erosions, cortex breach (breuk)

in sum: calcifications, erosions, fracture

occurs in 50%

66
Q

which malignant bone tumor is most common in adults >50?

A

chondrosarcoma

67
Q

Ewing sarcoma: most common in who?

A

white males <15 y/o

68
Q

which bone tumor is most common in white males < 15 y/o?

A

Ewing sarcoma

69
Q

Other word for osteosarcoma?

A

osteogenic sarcoma

70
Q

other word for osteogenic sarcoma?

A

osteosarcoma

71
Q

which tumors commonly arises in the diaphysis of long bones (femur) and pelvic flat bones?

A

Ewing sarcoma

72
Q

ewing sarcoma: location?

A

diaphysis of long bones (femur) and pelvic flat bones

73
Q

ewing sarcoma: in diaphysis of which long bone most commonly?

A

femur

74
Q

ewing sarcoma: histology?

A

anaplastic small blue cells of neuroectodermal originin -> resemble lymphocytes

75
Q

ewing sarcoma: malignant cells resemble which cell type?

A

lymphocytes

76
Q

Ewing sarcoma: test for which protein?

A

t(11;22)

77
Q

test for t(11;22) to confirm which tumor?

A

Ewing sarcoma

78
Q

Ewing sarcoma resembles which conditions? how to differentiate?

A

resembles lymphoma, chronic osteomyelitis

test for 1(11;22)

(contains lymphocyte-like malignant cells)

79
Q

Ewing sarcoma: aggressive because of what?

A

early metastases

80
Q

which malignant bone tumor is aggressive with early metastases?

A

Ewing sarcoma

81
Q

Ewing sarcoma: responsive to chemotherapy?

A

yes

82
Q

which tumor has ‘onion skin’ periosteal reaction on x-ray?

A

ewing sarcoma

83
Q

what kind of periosteal reaction in ewing sarcoma?

A

onion skin

84
Q

Ewing sarcoma: x-ray finding?

A

onion skin periosteal reaction

85
Q
A

Musculoskeletal system (17 decks)

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