Primary bone tumors

Question 1

What is the most common benign tumor?

Answer 1

Osteochondroma

Question 2

Osteochondroma: in who and what age?

Answer 2

Males <25 y/o

Question 3

Osteochondroma: location

Answer 3

Methaphysis of long bones

Question 4

Osteochondroma: what is it?

Answer 4

Lateral bony projection of growth plate (continuous with marrow space) covered by a cartilaginous cap

Question 5

Does osteochondroma rarely transfrom into?

Answer 5

Chondrosarcoma

Question 6

Lateral bony projection of growth plate (continuous with marrow space) covered by a cartilaginous cap. What is it?

Answer 6

Osteochondroma

Question 7

Osteoma: what age do people get this?

Answer 7

Middle age

Question 8

Osteoma: location?

Answer 8

Surface of facial bones

Question 9

What is osteoma associated with?

Answer 9

Gardner syndrome (polyps in intestine)

Question 10

What is Gardner syndrome associated with?

Answer 10

Osteoma

Question 11

Which benign bone tumor arises in the facial bones?

Answer 11

Osteoma

Question 12

Osteoid osteoma: what age and who?

Answer 12

Adults < 25 y/o
Males more often than females

Question 13

Osteoid osteoma: where?

Answer 13

Cortex of long bones

Question 14

Osteoid osteoma: what is it?

Answer 14

Bony mass <2cm with radiolucent osteoid core

Radiolucent: less dens/darker
Osteoid: unmineralized bone

Question 15

Osteoid osteoma: presentation?

Answer 15

Bone pain (worse at night) that is relieved by NSAIDsW

Question 16

Which tumor presents itself with pain (worse at night), that gets relieved with NSAIDs?

Answer 16

Osteoid osteoma

Question 17

Which benign bone tumor is <2cm with a radiolucent osteoid core?

Answer 17

Osteoid osteoma

Question 18

Which benign tumor is present in the cortex of long bones?

Answer 18

Osteoid osteoma

Question 19

Osteoblastoma: more often in males or females?

Answer 19

Males

Question 20

Osteoblastoma: location?

Answer 20

Vertebrae

Question 21

Osteoblastoma: similar histology to which tumor?

Answer 21

Osteoid osteoma

Question 22

Osteoblastoma: what is it?

Answer 22

Bony mass with osteoid core, >2cm
In vertebrae

Question 23

Osteoblastoma: responsive to NSAIDs?

Answer 23

no

Question 23

Osteoblastoma: size?

Answer 23

> 2 cm

Question 23

Chondroma: location?

Answer 23

Medulla of small bones of hand and feet

Question 23

Osteoid osteoma: size?

Answer 23

<2 cm

Question 23

Bony mass with osteoid core in vertebra, bigger than 2cm. What is it?

Answer 23

Osteoblastoma

Question 23

Osteoid osteoma: responsive to NSAIDs?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

Chondroma: what is it?

Answer 24

Benign tumor of cartilage

Question 25

Benign tumor of cartilage, what is it?

Answer 25

Chondroma

Question 26

Which tumor arises in the medulla of small bones of hand and feet?

Answer 26

Chondroma

Question 27

Giant cell tumor: what age?

Answer 27

20-40 y/o

Question 28

Giant cell tumor: location in bone?

Answer 28

Epiphysis of long bones

Question 29

Giant cell tumor: arises near which body part?

Answer 29

Knee

Question 30

Which benign bone tumor usually arises in the epiphysis of long bones, near the knee?

Answer 30

Giant cell tumor

Question 31

Giant cell tumor: benign or maligant?

Answer 31

Benign, but locally aggressive

Question 32

Giant cell tumor: histology

Answer 32

Neoplastic mononuclear cells that express RANKL (osteoblast-like) + Reactive multi-nucleated giant cells (osteoclast-like) 'osteoclastoma' RANK Ligand is normally expressed on osteoblasts, activates osteoclasts

Question 33

Giant cell tumor: appearance on x-ray?

Answer 33

soap bubble

Question 34

Which tumor has a soap-bubble appearance on x-ray?

Answer 34

Giant cell tumor

Question 35

Which tumor has the following histology: Mononucleated cells that express RANKL and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells?

Answer 35

Giant cell tumor

Question 36

Which tumor accounts for 20% of primary bone cancers?

Answer 36

Osteosarcoma

Question 37

Which tumor has a peak incidence as primary tumor in males <20 years?

Answer 37

Osteosarcoma

Question 38

Osteosarcoma: peak incidence as primary tumor in who?

Answer 38

Males <20 years

Question 39

Osteosarcoma: secondary to which diseases in adults?

Answer 39

Paget Bone infarcts Radiation Familial retinoblastoma Li-Fraumeni syndrome (P53 mutation)

Question 40

Which bone tumor can be secondary to Paget?

Answer 40

Osteosarcoma

Question 41

Osteosarcoma: location?

Answer 41

Metaphysis of long bones often knee region

Question 42

osteosarcoma: close to which body part?

Answer 42

knee

Question 43

which malignant bone tumor usually arises in the metaphysis of long bones?

Answer 43

osteosarcoma

Question 44

which malignant bone tumor usually arises close to the knee?

Answer 44

osteosarcoma

Question 45

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, li-fraumeni?

Answer 45

osteosarcoma

Question 46

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, bone infarcts and bone radiation?

Answer 46

osteosarcoma

Question 47

which bone tumor can be secondary to, among others, familial retinoblastoma?

Answer 47

osteosarcoma

Question 48

osteosarcoma: histology?

Answer 48

pleomorphic osteoid-producing cells (malignant osteoblasts)

Question 49

which bone tumor consists of malignant osteoblasts?

Answer 49

osteosarcoma

Question 50

which bone tumor consists of pleiomorphic osteoid producing cells?

Answer 50

osteosarcoma

Question 51

what do the malignant osteoblasts in osteosarcoma produce?

Answer 51

osteoid

Question 52

how does osteosarcoma present?

Answer 52

painful enlarging mass or pathological fracturs

Question 53

which tumor presents as a painful enlarging mass or with pathological fractures?

Answer 53

osteosarcoma

Question 54

osteosarcoma: x-ray findings?

Answer 54

Codman triangle and sunburst pattern

Question 55

codman triangle on x-ray, suggestive of?

Answer 55

osteosarcoma

Question 56

sunburst pattern on -xray, suggestive of?

Answer 56

osteosarcoma

Question 57

how does the codman triangle arise?

Answer 57

elevation of periosteum (botvlies)

Question 58

is primary osteosarcoma responsive to chemotherapy and surgery?

Answer 58

usually, yes

Question 59

which has worse prognosis, primary or secondary osteosarcoma?

Answer 59

secondary

Question 60

Chondrosarcoma: most common in who?

Answer 60

adults >50 y/o

Question 61

chondrosarcoma: location?

Answer 61

medulla of pelvis, proximal femur and humerus

Question 62

which tumor usually arises in: medulla of pelvis, proximal femur and humerus?

Answer 62

chondrosarcoma

Question 63

chondrosarcoma: which cells are malignant?

Answer 63

chondrocytes

Question 64

which tumor consists of malignant chondrocytes?

Answer 64

chondrosarcoma

Question 65

chondrosarcoma: what are the characteristics of lytic cases?

Answer 65

intralesional calcifications, endosteal erosions, cortex breach (breuk) in sum: calcifications, erosions, fracture occurs in 50%

Question 66

which malignant bone tumor is most common in adults >50?

Answer 66

chondrosarcoma

Question 67

Ewing sarcoma: most common in who?

Answer 67

white males <15 y/o

Question 68

which bone tumor is most common in white males < 15 y/o?

Answer 68

Ewing sarcoma

Question 69

Other word for osteosarcoma?

Answer 69

osteogenic sarcoma

Question 70

other word for osteogenic sarcoma?

Answer 70

osteosarcoma

Question 71

which tumors commonly arises in the diaphysis of long bones (femur) and pelvic flat bones?

Answer 71

Ewing sarcoma

Question 72

ewing sarcoma: location?

Answer 72

diaphysis of long bones (femur) and pelvic flat bones

Question 73

ewing sarcoma: in diaphysis of which long bone most commonly?

Answer 73

femur

Question 74

ewing sarcoma: histology?

Answer 74

anaplastic small blue cells of neuroectodermal originin -> resemble lymphocytes

Question 75

ewing sarcoma: malignant cells resemble which cell type?

Answer 75

lymphocytes

Question 76

Ewing sarcoma: test for which protein?

Answer 76

t(11;22)

Question 77

test for t(11;22) to confirm which tumor?

Answer 77

Ewing sarcoma

Question 78

Ewing sarcoma resembles which conditions? how to differentiate?

Answer 78

resembles lymphoma, chronic osteomyelitis test for 1(11;22) (contains lymphocyte-like malignant cells)

Question 79

Ewing sarcoma: aggressive because of what?

Answer 79

early metastases

Question 80

which malignant bone tumor is aggressive with early metastases?

Answer 80

Ewing sarcoma

Question 81

Ewing sarcoma: responsive to chemotherapy?

Answer 81

yes

Question 82

which tumor has 'onion skin' periosteal reaction on x-ray?

Answer 82

ewing sarcoma

Question 83

what kind of periosteal reaction in ewing sarcoma?

Answer 83

onion skin

Question 84

Ewing sarcoma: x-ray finding?

Answer 84

onion skin periosteal reaction