Primary Hemostasis

Question 1

Steps of primary hemostasis

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction > Platelet Adhesion > Platelet Aggregation > Platelet Secretion

Question 2

T/F: Primary hemostasis happens simultaneously

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Constriction or narrowing of the (lumen) diameter of blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Answer 3

Vasocontriction

Question 4

What is the purpose of vasoconstriction?

Answer 4

To decrease blood flow to prevent continuous bleeding

Question 5

This substance reside in the connective tissue will activate platelets

Answer 5

Collagen

Question 6

Bring deoxygenated blood from body tissues to heart

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

Where the gas exchange happen, when venous and arterial blood components are found

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

Brings oxygenated blood from heart to body tissues

Answer 8

Arteries

Question 9

Structure of blood vessel: outer most layer

Answer 9

Vascular adventitia

Question 10

Structure of blood vessel: Middle layer

Answer 10

Vascular media

Question 11

Structure of blood vessel: Inner most layer

Answer 11

Vascular intima

Question 12

Made up of simple squamous epithelium cells which are involved in clotting process by producing and storing clotting

Answer 12

Endothelia lcells (endothelium)

Question 13

The internal elastic lamina the supports the endothelial cells is composed of

Answer 13

Elastin and collagen

Question 14

Veins are composed of

Answer 14

Collagen and fibroblast

Question 15

Arteries are composed of

Answer 15

Collagen, Fibroblast and Smooth muscles

Question 16

This cells produces majority of the collagen

Answer 16

Fibroblast

Question 17

This matrix regulates the permeability of the inner vessel wall

Answer 17

Connective tissue matrix

Question 18

Highly active metabolically; involved in clotting process by producing or storing clotting components

Answer 18

Endothelium

Question 19

A reversible process where platelets stick or bind to the endothelial cells or to a non-platelet surfaces

Answer 19

Platelet Adhesion

Question 20

A membrane receptor that would expose when platelets are activated

Answer 20

GP Ib

Question 21

GP Ib will bind to the endothelium (sub-endothelial collagen) with the help of

Answer 21

Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

Question 22

This promotes platelet adhesion

Answer 22

vWF

Question 23

Important components in Platelet adhesion

Answer 23

vWF and Glycoprotein membrane

Question 24

• Absent: GP IB/IX/V Platelet membrane receptor
• Characterized by giant platelet (giant bernie)/macrothrombocyte

Answer 24

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS)

Question 25

- VWF is absent of defective - Bleeding tendencies/risk *the first lining will not be processed in the injured site

Answer 25

vWF disease

Question 26

An irreversible process where platelet stick or bind together

Answer 26

Platelet Aggregation

Question 27

Important components in Platelet aggregation

Answer 27

GP IIb/IIIa receptor, fibrinogen, calcium

Question 28

When platelets are activated, a change in GP IIb/IIIa receptor allows binding of fibrinogen as well as VWF and fibronectin which result to

Answer 28

Platelet clumping

Question 29

Fibrinogen is one of the coagulation factor known as

Answer 29

Factor I

Question 30

Act as glue for GP IIb/IIIa receptors but with the presence or help of calcium

Answer 30

Fibrinogen

Question 31

Is also one of the coagulation factor also known as FACTOR IV but preferred to be called by its chemical name

Answer 31

Calcium

Question 32

- Absence of GP IIb/IIIa platelet membrane recepto - Problem with the aggregation process

Answer 32

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Question 33

Lack of fibrinogen

Answer 33

Afibrogenemia

Question 34

Low levels of normal fibrinogen (functional but decrease in concentration

Answer 34

Hypofibrogenemia

Question 35

Dysfunctional or defective fibrinogen (normal in count but dysfunctional)

Answer 35

Dysfibrogenemia

Question 36

An irreversible step where platelets release alpha and dense granules

Answer 36

Platelet secretion

Question 37

Platelet a-granules (Large Molecules) examples

Answer 37

* B-thromboglobulin * Factor V * Factor XI * Protein S * Fibrinogen * VWF * Platelet Factor 4 * Platelet-derived Growth factor

Question 38

Platelet Dense Granules (small molecules) examples

Answer 38

* Adenosine diphosphate (activates neighboring platelets) * Adenosine triphosphate * Calcium (Ca++) * Serotonin (vasoconstrictor)

Question 39

During activation ADP and Ca2+ activates

Answer 39

Phospholipase A2

Question 40

Phospholipase A2 converts membrane phospholipids to

Answer 40

Arachidonic acid

Question 41

Cyclooxygenase converts arachidonic acid to

Answer 41

Prostaglandin endoperoxidase

Question 42

In platelet : Thromboxane synthetase > prostaglandins to

Answer 42

Thromboxane A2

Question 43

- Caused ionized calcium to be released - Promoted platelet aggregation - Promotes vasoconstriction

Answer 43

Thromboxane A2

Question 44

If this phenomena, it will permanently inactivates cyclooxygenase

Answer 44

Aspirin Acetylation/Aspirin Light Effect

Question 45

Blocks thromboxane A2 production

Answer 45

Aspirin

Question 46

Key surface for coagulation enzyme-cofactor-substrate complex formation

Answer 46

Plasma Membrane