Primary Tissues

Question 1

What is gene expression regulated by?

Answer 1

Transcription factors

Question 2

What are the four basic types of body tissues?

Answer 2

Epithelia

Neural

Muscle

Connective

Question 3

What are the different functions of epithelia?

Answer 3

Secretion

Absorption

Transport

Barrier

Protection

Strength

Support

Question 4

What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 4

Absorption

Sensing

Question 5

What protein is contained in microvilli?

Answer 5

Actin

Question 6

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 6

Movement

Lateral transport

Sensing

Question 7

What is the difference between primary and motile cilium?

Answer 7

Microtubule pairs in the primary cilium do not have dynein (motor protein)

Question 8

What are the functions of tight junctions?

Answer 8

Sealing

Question 9

What are the functions of desmosomes?

Answer 9

Strengthen cell link

Question 10

What are the functions of gap junctions?

Answer 10

Connect cytosols of adjacent cells for very small molecules

Communication

Question 11

What are the functions of adherens junctions?

Answer 11

Spots of connection linking movement proteins

Question 12

How does myelination enhance conduction in neurons?

Answer 12

It creates internodes

Multiple internodes lie beside each other

Electrical stimulation can jump pass each internode instead of passing through the whole axon

Question 13

What Schwann cell equals one?

Answer 13

Internode

Question 14

What creates myelination in the CNS?

Answer 14

Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

What are the glial cells in the CNS?

Answer 15

Oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes

Microglia

Ependyma

Question 16

What are the glial cells in the PNS?

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

Question 17

What are ependyma cells?

Answer 17

Lining cells of the CNS cavities

Question 18

What are astrocytes?

Answer 18

Star cells

They create the metabolic environment and give mechanical support

Question 19

What are microglial cells?

Answer 19

Macrophages of the CNS

They use phagocytosis and then use antigen presentation to stimulate other immune cells

Question 20

Why are there so many nuclei in skeletal muscles?

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle fibres originate as single cells called myoblasts

Myoblasts they fuse together creating a long single cell

Question 21

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 21

Striated

Coordinated contraction

Involuntary control of the blood pump

Question 22

What are the linkages between cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 22

Intercalated discs

Question 23

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 23

Non-striated, produces coordinated contraction

Involuntary

Cells are spindle shaped

No striking order

Responsible for peristalsis in the gut

Question 24

What are examples of connective tissues?

Answer 24

Fibro collagenous

Cartilage

Adipose tissue

Blood

Question 25

What cells are found in fibro collagenous tissues?

Answer 25

Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast Plasma Stem Blood Adipocytes

Question 26

Where is loose fibrocollagenous tissues found?

Answer 26

Around epithelia/organs

Question 27

Where is dense fibrocollagenous tissue found?

Answer 27

Tendon, ligaments

Question 28

Where is reticular fibrocollagenous tissue found?

Answer 28

Liver, lymph nodes

Question 29

What are three different types of cartilage?

Answer 29

Elastic- lots of elastin Hyaline Fibrocartilage- lots of collagen

Question 30

What two types of fat make up adipose tissue?

Answer 30

White Brown

Question 31

Function of white fat?

Answer 31

Energy storage, insulation and protection

Question 32

Function of brown fat?

Answer 32

Heat production

Question 33

What is the function of adipocytes?

Answer 33

To store triglycerides (fats) in the form of single large droplet To provide mechanical protection around some major organs Acts as an insulating layer It also acts as a means of energy storage.

Question 34

Function of leptin?

Answer 34

Signals to the brain that the body has had enough to eat

Question 35

What is the process of brown fat to produce heat?

Answer 35

Uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria