Primate Behaviour Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

Analogy

A

Similar traits due similar functions

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2
Q

Homology

A

Similar traits due common ancestry

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3
Q

Homoplasy

A

Similar traits due convergence

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4
Q

Referential model

A

Use of species to draw analogies with others

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5
Q

Ecological determinism

A

Environment determines behaviour`

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6
Q

Speciation

A

The appearance of new species

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7
Q

Evolution

A

A change in the inherited charasteristics of populations over generations

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8
Q

Morphology

A

The form of living organisms

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9
Q

Specimen

A

Individual organism that functions as example of its species

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10
Q

Natural selection

A

Process that leads to adaptations when three postulates hold: competition, variation, heritability

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11
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

groups of naturally interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from others

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12
Q

Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

Species as distinct cluster of organisms by looking at unique evolutionary history

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13
Q

Principle of Parsimony

A

Simplest solution as most likely

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14
Q

Synapomorphies

A

A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants.

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15
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

An evolutionary process that produces new species from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage

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16
Q

Crypsis

A

Predator avoidance

17
Q

family: Cebidae

A
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Cebidae
Capuchins, Squirrel monkeys. 
- arboreal
- diurnal
- omnivorous
- group living
18
Q

family: Pitheciidae

A

Haplorhini–>Platyrrhini–>Ceboidea–>Pitheciidae
Sakis, Uakaris, Titi Monkey
- arboreal
- diurnal
- diverse diet
- diverse social organization
- special adapted teeth for protected foods

19
Q

family: Callitrichidae

A
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Callitrichidae
Tamarins
- smallest haplorhines
- fruit, insect, gum
- pseudo claw instead of nails
- monogamous & polyandrous
- produce twins
- territorial: scent-marking
20
Q

family: Atelidae

A
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Atelidae
Spider monkeys
- arboreal
- diurnal
- prehensive tails
- reduced thumb
- diverse diet
- suspensory locomotion
21
Q

family: Aotidae

A
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Aotidae
Aotus (single genus)
- arboreal
- nocturnal
- monochromatic vision
- monogamous
- territorial: scent marking
22
Q

Suborder: Strepsirrhini

A
Primates-->Strepsirrhini
Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia
- more ancestral traits
- wet nose
- smaller body
- more reliance on olfactory cues
- scent marking
- post orbital bar
- tooth comb
- grooming claw
- vertical clinging and leaping
- tapetum lucidum
23
Q

Suborder: Haplorhini

A

Primates–>Haplorhini

  • more derived traits
  • dry nose
  • flatter face
  • reduced hearing
  • diurnal
  • no tapetum lucidum
  • no tooth comb
  • larger, more complex brains:
  • longer juvenile dependency
  • increased parental investment
  • increased social complexity
24
Q

Infraorder: Platyrrhini

A
haplorhini-->Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
- broad, outward facing nostrils
- three premolars
- arboreal
- diurnal (except Aotus)
- smaller body
- little sexual dimorphism
25
Infraorder: Catarrhini
``` Haplorhini-->Catarrhini Old world monkey - narrow, downward facing nostrils - terrestrial,arboreal - all diurnal - larger body size - diverse social organization - diverse diet, habitat - some extreme sexual dimorphism ```
26
altricial
offspring requiring a lot of parental investment