Primate Behaviour Flashcards
(26 cards)
Analogy
Similar traits due similar functions
Homology
Similar traits due common ancestry
Homoplasy
Similar traits due convergence
Referential model
Use of species to draw analogies with others
Ecological determinism
Environment determines behaviour`
Speciation
The appearance of new species
Evolution
A change in the inherited charasteristics of populations over generations
Morphology
The form of living organisms
Specimen
Individual organism that functions as example of its species
Natural selection
Process that leads to adaptations when three postulates hold: competition, variation, heritability
Biological Species Concept
groups of naturally interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from others
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Species as distinct cluster of organisms by looking at unique evolutionary history
Principle of Parsimony
Simplest solution as most likely
Synapomorphies
A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants.
Adaptive radiation
An evolutionary process that produces new species from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage
Crypsis
Predator avoidance
family: Cebidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Cebidae Capuchins, Squirrel monkeys. - arboreal - diurnal - omnivorous - group living
family: Pitheciidae
Haplorhini–>Platyrrhini–>Ceboidea–>Pitheciidae
Sakis, Uakaris, Titi Monkey
- arboreal
- diurnal
- diverse diet
- diverse social organization
- special adapted teeth for protected foods
family: Callitrichidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Callitrichidae Tamarins - smallest haplorhines - fruit, insect, gum - pseudo claw instead of nails - monogamous & polyandrous - produce twins - territorial: scent-marking
family: Atelidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Atelidae Spider monkeys - arboreal - diurnal - prehensive tails - reduced thumb - diverse diet - suspensory locomotion
family: Aotidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Aotidae Aotus (single genus) - arboreal - nocturnal - monochromatic vision - monogamous - territorial: scent marking
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Primates-->Strepsirrhini Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia - more ancestral traits - wet nose - smaller body - more reliance on olfactory cues - scent marking - post orbital bar - tooth comb - grooming claw - vertical clinging and leaping - tapetum lucidum
Suborder: Haplorhini
Primates–>Haplorhini
- more derived traits
- dry nose
- flatter face
- reduced hearing
- diurnal
- no tapetum lucidum
- no tooth comb
- larger, more complex brains:
- longer juvenile dependency
- increased parental investment
- increased social complexity
Infraorder: Platyrrhini
haplorhini-->Platyrrhini New world monkeys - broad, outward facing nostrils - three premolars - arboreal - diurnal (except Aotus) - smaller body - little sexual dimorphism