Flashcards in Primate Behaviour Deck (26)
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Analogy
Similar traits due similar functions
2
Homology
Similar traits due common ancestry
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Homoplasy
Similar traits due convergence
4
Referential model
Use of species to draw analogies with others
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Ecological determinism
Environment determines behaviour`
6
Speciation
The appearance of new species
7
Evolution
A change in the inherited charasteristics of populations over generations
8
Morphology
The form of living organisms
9
Specimen
Individual organism that functions as example of its species
10
Natural selection
Process that leads to adaptations when three postulates hold: competition, variation, heritability
11
Biological Species Concept
groups of naturally interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from others
12
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Species as distinct cluster of organisms by looking at unique evolutionary history
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Principle of Parsimony
Simplest solution as most likely
14
Synapomorphies
A characteristic present in an ancestral species and shared exclusively by its evolutionary descendants.
15
Adaptive radiation
An evolutionary process that produces new species from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage
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Crypsis
Predator avoidance
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family: Cebidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Cebidae
Capuchins, Squirrel monkeys.
- arboreal
- diurnal
- omnivorous
- group living
18
family: Pitheciidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Pitheciidae
Sakis, Uakaris, Titi Monkey
- arboreal
- diurnal
- diverse diet
- diverse social organization
- special adapted teeth for protected foods
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family: Callitrichidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Callitrichidae
Tamarins
- smallest haplorhines
- fruit, insect, gum
- pseudo claw instead of nails
- monogamous & polyandrous
- produce twins
- territorial: scent-marking
20
family: Atelidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Atelidae
Spider monkeys
- arboreal
- diurnal
- prehensive tails
- reduced thumb
- diverse diet
- suspensory locomotion
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family: Aotidae
Haplorhini-->Platyrrhini-->Ceboidea-->Aotidae
Aotus (single genus)
- arboreal
- nocturnal
- monochromatic vision
- monogamous
- territorial: scent marking
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Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Primates-->Strepsirrhini
Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast Asia
- more ancestral traits
- wet nose
- smaller body
- more reliance on olfactory cues
- scent marking
- post orbital bar
- tooth comb
- grooming claw
- vertical clinging and leaping
- tapetum lucidum
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Suborder: Haplorhini
Primates-->Haplorhini
- more derived traits
- dry nose
- flatter face
- reduced hearing
- diurnal
- no tapetum lucidum
- no tooth comb
- larger, more complex brains:
* longer juvenile dependency
* increased parental investment
* increased social complexity
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Infraorder: Platyrrhini
haplorhini-->Platyrrhini
New world monkeys
- broad, outward facing nostrils
- three premolars
- arboreal
- diurnal (except Aotus)
- smaller body
- little sexual dimorphism
25
Infraorder: Catarrhini
Haplorhini-->Catarrhini
Old world monkey
- narrow, downward facing nostrils
- terrestrial,arboreal
- all diurnal
- larger body size
- diverse social organization
- diverse diet, habitat
- some extreme sexual dimorphism
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