Primer Questions

Question 1

Dysgeusia may result from a dietary deficiency of the nutrient?

Answer 1

zinc

Question 2

Pantothenic acid is a component of:

Answer 2

coenzyme A

Question 3

Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the development of:

Answer 3

subclinical hypothyroidism

Question 4

The dietary fatty acid considered to be essential in the diet of humans is:

Answer 4

linoleic acid

Question 5

Iron is absorbed in the small intestine in the form of:

Answer 5

ferrous iron

Question 6

The risk of congenital microencephaly increases during pregnancy when habitual
intake of pre-formed vitamin A exceed the RDA for vitamin A by:

Answer 6

5-fold

Question 7

Vitamin C, vitamin E, and   -carotene may exert cardioprotective effects by:

Answer 7

inhibiting the oxidation of LDL.

Question 8

Signs of a deficiency in essential fatty acids include:

Answer 8

dull skin and dandruff

Question 9

The form in which fatty acids usually are found in food is as:

Answer 9

triglycerides.

Question 10

A dietary source of omega-3 essential fatty acids is:

Answer 10

flax oil

Question 11

The disease associated with deficiency of vitamin B1 is known as:

Answer 11

beri-beri.

Question 12

Polyneuropathy may accompany chronic consumption of large amounts of:

Answer 12

alcohol

Question 13

Of beef, bacon, salmon, and broccoli, the food source with the greatest nutrient
density (g per 100 Kcal) for fat is:

Answer 13

bacon

Question 14

Chromium influences plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating:

Answer 14

myocyte sodium-glucose transport

Question 15

Most vegetables are generally considered to be nutritionally inferior to most
animal proteins because typically they contain:

Answer 15

fewer essential amino acids

Question 16

Two vitamins which are very toxic when ingested in amounts 10-fold or more
greater than the current USRDA are:

Answer 16

vitamin A and vitamin D.

Question 17

An early indicator of impending selenosis is:

Answer 17

garlic odor of breath

Question 18

The consumption of 1750 excess Kcal will result in the deposition of new body
fat weighing:

Answer 18

227 g.

Question 19

Iron in foods is primarily in the form of:

Answer 19

ferric iron

Question 20

Most of the activated folic acid in the human body is in the form of:

Answer 20

methyltetrahydrofolic acid.

Question 21

A good dietary source of riboflavin is a:

Answer 21

steak

Question 22

Among the foods beef, bacon, fish, and spinach, the food source with the greatest
nutrient density (mg per 100 Kcal) for iron is

Answer 22

spinach

Question 23

Among the following foods (cheese, salmon, beef, green leafy vegetables), the nutrient density of vitamin D is greatest in

Answer 23

salmon

Question 24

The best source of supplemental calcium for an elderly woman with
hypochlorhydria is:

Answer 24

calcium citrate

Question 25

Excessive consumption of dietary fiber impairs the bioavailability of zinc, protein, EFA, or vitamin D?

Answer 25

zinc

Question 26

Cruciferous vegetables lack:

Answer 26

highly bioavailable calcium.

Question 27

The vitamin K content of human breast milk is:

Answer 27

low

Question 28

25-OHD3 is converted to 1,25-(OH)2D3 by:

Answer 28

renal cells

Question 29

Daily consumption of 50 Kcal of excess dietary energy for a year will produce a weight gain of:

Answer 29

4 to 5 pounds.

Question 30

Skeletal manifestations of hypervitaminosis A include

Answer 30

cortical porosis

Question 31

Selenium is a required cofactor for:

Answer 31

glutathione peroxidase.

Question 32

Vitamin E deficiency in humans commonly results in?

Answer 32

neurological dysfunction

Question 33

Dietary proteins are of high biological value when they are obtained from:

Answer 33

eggs, chicken meats and cheddar cheese.

Question 34

The dietary change that is the most effective in contributing to a decrease in serum total cholesterol concentration is:

Answer 34

a decrease in saturated fat intake.

Question 35

The USDA “food pyramid” does not recommend:

Answer 35

up to 5 meat servings daily

Question 36

The protein intake standard the USRDA uses to reflect protein quality is the:

Answer 36

protein efficiency ratio.

Question 37

The biological value of food proteins can be enhanced by:

Answer 37

combining them with complementary food proteins

Question 38

Intake of chromium below 30 μg/day has been associated with decreased:

Answer 38

skeletal mass.

Question 39

The daily calcium requirements of postmenopausal women who are not receiving estrogen replacement therapy are approximately:

Answer 39

1,500 mg of calcium as calcium carbonate.

Question 40

The daily calcium requirements of postmenopausal women who are not receiving estrogen replacement therapy can be met by the daily consumption of:

Answer 40

five (5) cups of skim milk.

Question 41

Reduced consumption of salt and salty foods may:

Answer 41

reduce blood volume and blood pressure

Question 42

The quality of foods voluntarily selected by a population or group is not likely to be improved by:

Answer 42

changes in guidelines.

Question 43

In men between the ages of 25 and 75, average daily iron needs generally:

Answer 43

remain the same

Question 44

Examples of dietary nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal blood system include: A. amino acids B. medium-chain fatty acids C. monosaccharides D. long-chain fatty acids

Answer 44

D. long-chain FA | primer pg 27

Question 45

``` The hormone responsible for the decrease in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone and motility during pregnancy is: A. estrogen B. progesterone C. placental lactogen D. human chorionic ghonadotropin ```

Answer 45

B. progesterone | primer pg 27

Question 46

``` The ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of saturated fat will result in a transient increase in serum concentration of: A. chylomicrons B. low-density lipoproteins C. high-density lipoproteins D. micelles ```

Answer 46

A. chylomicrons | primer pg 27

Question 47

``` The product of enterokinase reactions is: A. trypsin B. chymotrypsin C. pepsin D. carboxypeptidase ```

Answer 47

A. trypsin | primer pg 28

Question 48

``` Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier: A. heme B. ferritin C. transferrin D. albumin ```

Answer 48

C. transferrin | primer pg 28

Question 49

``` The organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are the liver and the: A. gallblader B. pancreas C. adrenal glands D. intestinal mucosa ```

Answer 49

D. intestinal mucosa | primer pg 28

Question 50

``` Lactulose is a carbohydrate that is: A. absorbed in the small intestine B. absorbed in the large intestine C. a nonabsorbable laxative D. not found in the human diet ```

Answer 50

C a non absorbably laxative | primer pg 28

Question 51

``` Digested dietary protein is absorbed primarily in the: A. stomach B. duodenum C. jejunum D. ileum ```

Answer 51

C jejunum | primer pg 28

Question 52

``` Monosaccharides are transported across the placenta from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation by. the process of: A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. pinocytosis. ```

Answer 52

B. facilitated diffusion | primer pg 28

Question 53

If a bolus containing 600 mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid movement in the intestinal tract will be: A. from the intestinal lumen to the circulation B. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen C. longitudinally along the mucosal basement member D. from the circulation to the lymphoid system

Answer 53

B. fro the circulation to the intestinal lumen | primer page 28

Question 54

``` The structures of linolenic acid and gamma linolenic acid differ in their: A. Chain lengths B. double bond positions C. Numbers of double bonds D. Side chain moieties ```

Answer 54

C. Numbers of double bonds | primer pg 38

Question 55

``` An example of a compound that is not considered to be a component of dietary fiber is: A. Pectin B. Hemicellulose C. Amylose D. Cellulose ```

Answer 55

C. Amylose | primer pg 38

Question 56

``` Dietary fats and oils primarily are composed of: A. Triglycerides B. Polyunsaturated fatty acids C. Saturated fatty acids D. Monounsaturated fatty acids ```

Answer 56

C. Saturated fatty acids | primer pg 38

Question 57

A nutrient considered to be conditionally essential when: A. it cannot be replaced by a metabolic precursor B. It is malabsorbed C. its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs D. it requires a second essential nutrient to be effective

Answer 57

C. Its endogenous production becomes insufficient to satisfy needs primer pg 38

Question 58

``` Vitamin reserves can become depleted because all vitamins are: A. synthesized inefficiently B. essential nutrients C. Metabolized quickly D. excreted rapidly ```

Answer 58

B. essential nutrients | primer pg 38

Question 59

``` The process of adding a nutrient to manufactured foods as a public health measure is called: a. restoration. b. enrichment. c. fortification. d. supplementation. ```

Answer 59

c. fortification. | primer pg 39

Question 60

Food additives can be used: a. as effective preservatives. b. without restriction. c. to compensate for improper processing practices. d. without risk.

Answer 60

A. as effective preservatives | primer pg 40

Question 61

Nutrification is the: a. addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that nutrient to a target population group. b. specific addition of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron to white flour. c. structural modification of complex carbohydrates. d. addition of at least 25% of the RDA of a nutrient to a food product that has been designed to replace a meal or food item

Answer 61

A. addition of a nutrient to a food in order to assure the distribution of that primer pg 40