Princeton Test #1 Flashcards
Q1 - List the categories and score ranges for IQ.
What would a child with IQ of 63 be diagnosed?
Average IQ ranges 90-109
- Categories range on either side in 10 point increments from 40 to 160
55-69: Mild impairment of delay
70-79: Borderline impaired or delayed
80-89: Low average
90-109: Average
Q3 - What are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Behavior
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal
Cluster B: Dramatic, Erratic, or Emotional Behavior
- Antisocial
- Borderline
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Behavior
- Avoidant
- Dependent
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Q47 - What are the defining characteristics of each of Kohlberg’s stages of morality?
Pre-conventional level:
- Stage 1: Obedience and punishment orientation - Avoiding punishment, rule-following to avoid negative consequences.
- Stage 2: Individualism and exchange - Self-interest, rule-following for personal gain.
Conventional level:
- Stage 3: Interpersonal relationships - Seeking approval, meeting the expectations of family, friends, and society.
- Stage 4: Social order and maintaining authority - Following rules and regulations to maintain social order and authority.
Post-conventional level:
- Stage 5: Social contract and individual rights - Recognition of individual rights, importance of a just society, and willingness to change unjust laws.
- Stage 6: Universal principles - Basing morality on universal ethical principles, following one’s conscience, and doing what is morally right even if it goes against the law or societal expectations.
Q65 - Define the following maladaptive cognitions:
- Dichotomous thinking
- Personalizing
- Overgeneralizing
- Magnifying
Dichotomous thinking: Seeing things in terms of extreme opposites, with no middle ground or nuances.
Personalizing: Taking responsibility for events or situations that are beyond one’s control, assuming self-blame for the outcome.
Overgeneralizing: Making sweeping conclusions based on a single event or limited experiences.
Magnifying: Exaggerating the importance or impact of negative events or circumstances.
Q68 - Describe key functions of the medulla oblongata and the reticular formation
Medulla: A part of the brainstem responsible for regulating vital autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. (The medulla is part of the hindbrain)
Reticular formation: A network of neurons in the brainstem that plays a crucial role in regulating arousal, sleep, and attention. (the reticular formation is primarily located in the brainstem - both hindbrain/midbrain - but also extends into the forebrain in the hypothalamus/thalamus)
Q70 - Describe self-perception theory
Originated by Daryl Bem - self perception theory says that people develop their attitudes by observing their own behaviors and then attributing those behaviors to the attitudes that must have caused them.
e.g., the Overjustification effect says that intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior is often LOWERED when there is an EXTERNAL reward offered (internal goes down as external goes up)
Q73 - Who founded the APA?
Stanley Hall
Q87 - Describe Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Korsakoff’s syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is often associated with alcohol abuse.
This disorder is characterized by severe memory impairment, particularly in the formation of new memories, as well as confabulation (the production of false or distorted memories to fill gaps in memory), difficulty with motor coordination, and other cognitive deficits.
Korsakoff’s syndrome is typically considered to be a type of dementia, and it can have a profound impact on a person’s ability to function independently.
Q88 - Define nomothetic versus ideographic
Nomothetic is an approach that emphasizes the identification of general principles or laws that apply to a broad range of people or situations, while ideographic is an approach that emphasizes the unique, individual experiences and characteristics of each person.
