Princibles of Chiro

Question 1

Founder of chiropractic
Nerve compression theory
Coined “innate intelligence”
used short-lever adjusting techs

Answer 1

DD Palmer

Question 2

developer of chiropractic

Hole-in-one upper c tech, nerve tracing, the Meric system and use of leg length for subluxations

Answer 2

BJ Palmer

Question 3

developed pelvic distortion and structural approach theory of subluxation.
said spine was weight bearing and adapting to various stresses

Answer 3

Carver

Question 4

developing SOT (sacral-occipital techniques)
CSF flow thru the pumping action of the sacrum and cranial dura mater

Answer 4

deJarnette

Question 5

deved the concept of motion palpation and the original vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)

Answer 5

Faye

Question 6

dev of Activator Method techn

Answer 6

Fuhr

Question 7

first to use terms lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and inflammation

Answer 7

Galen

Question 8

developed motion palpation in response to Belgium government making it illegal for chiros to take x-rays
his test involves standing on one leg (Stork test)

Answer 8

Gillet

Question 9

deved the biomechanical basis of chiropractic adjustments

Answer 9

Gonstead

Question 10

deved Applied Kinesiology and muscle testing

Answer 10

Goodheart

Question 11

stated that subluxations, disc herniations, and exostoses may produce pressure on the dorsal nerve root

Answer 11

Hadley

Question 12

first doctor to use to the word “subluxation” in 1746

Answer 12

Illi

Question 13

deved Segmental Facilitation Theory. Neurons become more hyperresponsive and irritable. Joint receptors do not influence motor activity, muscle spindles do.

Answer 13

Korr

Question 14

published the first chiro book in 1906. referred to brain as life force

Answer 14

Langworthy

Question 15

first patient to be adjusted by DD Palmer

Answer 15

Lillard

Question 16

dev of tech which measures vertebral misalignment from the sacrum upwards using full spine x rays

Answer 16

Logan

Question 17

use of acupressure on trigger points, as well as addressing posture. Receptor-tonus technique

Answer 17

Nimmo

Question 18

deved the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

Answer 18

Selye

Question 19

identified 33 principles of chiropractic and is credited with the analogy of the “safety pin” cycle

Answer 19

Stephenson

Question 20

known for segmental drop adjusting and leg length

Answer 20

Thompson

Question 21

coining the term “chiropractic”

Answer 21

Weed

Question 22

Meric Chart:

blood supply to head, brain and ear

Answer 22

C1

Question 23

Meric Chart:

tonsils

Answer 23

C2-3

Question 24

Meric Chart:

nose, mouth, palatine tube

Answer 24

C4

Question 25

Meric Chart: | neck glands, pharynx, tonsils

Answer 25

C5-C6

Question 26

Meric Chart: | heart

Answer 26

T2

Question 27

Meric Chart: | lungs, bronchial tube, pleura

Answer 27

T3

Question 28

Meric Chart: | gallbladder, common bile duct

Answer 28

T4

Question 29

Meric Chart: | liver

Answer 29

T5

Question 30

Meric Chart: | stomach

Answer 30

T6

Question 31

Meric Chart: | pancreas, duodenum

Answer 31

T7

Question 32

Meric Chart: | spleen

Answer 32

T8

Question 33

Meric Chart: | adrenal glands

Answer 33

T9

Question 34

Meric Chart: | kidneys, ureters

Answer 34

T10-T11

Question 35

Meric Chart: | sex organs, uterus and bladder

Answer 35

L3

Question 36

Meric Chart: | prostate gland

Answer 36

L4

Question 37

Meric Chart: | testes

Answer 37

L4

Question 38

Angulation: 45 degrees Orientation: Backwards, Upwards, Medial Plane: Transverse Motion: Rotaion

Answer 38

Cervical

Question 39

Angulation: 60 degrees Orientation: Backwards, Upwards, Lateral Plane: Coronal Motion: Lateral Bending

Answer 39

Thoracic

Question 40

Angulation: 90 degrees Orientation: Backwards and Medial Plane: Sagittal Motion: Flexion/extension

Answer 40

Lumbar

Question 41

Angulation: 90 degrees Orientation: Backwards Plane: Coronal Motion: Lateral bending

Answer 41

Lumbosacral

Question 42

Nerve Fiber: 70-120 m/sec 12-20 um diameter motor innervation to skeletal muscle

Answer 42

A alpha

Question 43

Nerve Fiber: 40-70 m/sec 5-12 um diameter sensory to touch, vibration, discrim touch

Answer 43

A beta

Question 44

Nerve Fiber: 10-40 m/sec 3-5 um diameter motor to muscle spindle

Answer 44

A gamma

Question 45

Nerve Fiber: 6-10 m/sec 2-3 um diameter sensory to fast pain, temp, and crude touch

Answer 45

A delta

Question 46

Nerve Fiber: 3-5 m/sec 1-3 um diameter autonomic preganglionic fibers

Answer 46

B

Question 47

Nerve Fiber: 3 m/sec 0.5 - 1 um diameter ANS and sensory, postganglionic, slow pain

Answer 47

C

Question 48

Group 1a Nerve Fiber: A alpha Slowly adapting Ex?

Answer 48

Muscle spindle afferent

Question 49

Group 1b Nerve Fiber: A alpha slowly adapting

Answer 49

Golgi tendon organ (responds to stretch)

Question 50

Group II A beta Rapidly adapting

Answer 50

Pacinian corpuscle: vibration

Question 51

Group III A delta rapidly adapting

Answer 51

Receptor for touch, pressure, fast pain

Question 52

Group IV C slowly adapting ex?

Answer 52

Free nerve endings: pain, temperature

Question 53

Location: joint Type I sens to stretch slowly adapting

Answer 53

Ruffini endings

Question 54

Location: joint and skin Type II sens to vibration rapid adapting

Answer 54

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 55

Location: joint Type III sens to stretch slowly adapting

Answer 55

Golgi tendon organs

Question 56

Location: joint and skin Type IV sens to stretch and pain rapid adapt

Answer 56

Free nerve endings

Question 57

Location: skin sens to texture rapid adapt

Answer 57

Meissner

Question 58

Location: skin sens to pressure slow adapt

Answer 58

Merkel

Question 59

Location: muscle sens to stretch slow adapt

Answer 59

Muscle spindle

Question 60

Mechanoreceptors, vibration, fine touch -> Nuclei gracilis and cuneatus Dec: medulla 3rd: VPL nucleus of thalamus

Answer 60

Dorsal Column

Question 61

1st: Nociceptors, thermoreceptors, crude touch and pressure receptors 2nd: Lamina I and II in the dorsal horn of the grey matter Dec: spinal cord 3rd: VPL nucleus of the thalamus

Answer 61

Spinothalamic (anterolateral system)

Question 62

1st: unconscious proprioception from the lower limb 2nd: Clarke's nucleus (dorsal nucleus) found in Lamina VII in the thoracic region Dec: does not cross 3rd: cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peducle

Answer 62

Dorsal spinocerebellar

Question 63

1st: unconscous propioception from both lower and upper limb 2nd: Lamina VII Dec: Twice - first at the spinal cord and again in the pons- ipsilateral 3rd: cerebellum via superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 63

Ventral spinocerebellar

Question 64

Descending tract: | voluntary control of the muscles of the limbs

Answer 64

lateral corticospinal

Question 65

Descending tract: | voluntary control of the muscles of the head, neck, and trunk

Answer 65

ventral corticospinal

Question 66

Descending tract: | excites proximal flexors (biceps), inhibits extensors of the upper limb

Answer 66

rubrospinal

Question 67

Descending tract: | restricts voluntary movement through the gamma motor neurons

Answer 67

reticulospinal

Question 68

Descending tract: | influences head and eye turning movements in response to light

Answer 68

tectospinal

Question 69

Descending tract: | involved in postural reflexes - neck muscles , extensors of back and limbs

Answer 69

vestibulospinal

Question 70

Descending tract: | inhibits nociception by releasing serotonin and acts on the C fibers

Answer 70

raphespinal

Question 71

which law? the anterior horn of the spinal cord is motor, and the posterior is sensory

Answer 71

Bell-Magendie law

Question 72

which law? bone remodels in response to stress placed on it

Answer 72

Wolff's law

Question 73

which law? soft tissue remodels itself in response to demands

Answer 73

Davis' law

Question 74

which law? pressure on the epiphysis retards the rate of growth and decreased pressure increases rate of growth

Answer 74

Hueter-Volkmann's law

Question 75

which law? the nerve that innervates a muscle that acts on a joint also innervate the joint and an area of the skin near the joint

Answer 75

Hilton's law

Question 76

Nutrient? glucose transport Def: impaired glucose tolerance

Answer 76

chromium

Question 77

Nutrient? electron transport chain Def: muscle weakness and microcytic anemia

Answer 77

copper

Question 78

Nutrient? DNA and RNA synthesis Def: neural tube defects, microcytic normochromic anemia

Answer 78

folic acid

Question 79

Nutrient? thyroid hormone synthesis Def: cretinism in children, goiter and myxedema in adults

Answer 79

iodine

Question 80

Nutrient? formation of hemoglobin electron transport chain Def: pale mucosa, koilonychia, microcytic hypochromic anemia

Answer 80

iron