Principles 1- WK1 ( Ch 1+4) Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the difference between kinesiology and biomechanics ?
Kinesiology: kinesis ( to move), logy (study of), therefore kinesiology is the study of movement
Biomechanics: discipline that uses principles of physics to quantitatively study how forces interact within a living body.
What is the difference between kinematics and kinetics ?
- Both are branches of biomechanics
Kinematics: describes the motion of a body without regard to forces or torques produced in motion, includes arthrokinematics and osteokinematics
Kinetics: the study of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body, includes physics principles
Is naming the plane of motion considered part of kinetics or kinematics ?
Kinematics because planes of motion categorize movements without consideration of physics principles
List 6 rotary motions and 6 translatory motions the body performs on the daily basis. What are the main differences in how these motions are performed by the body ?
… TBD
How does translation differ from rotation ?
Translation: linear motion; all part of rigid body move parallel and in the same direction as every part of the body; rectilinear or curvilinear; m or ft
Rotation: rigid body moves in a circular path around a pivot point
What is an axis of rotation and what is an evolute axis of rotation ?
-pivot point for angular motion of the body or its parts, during rotation where movement=0
- evolute AoR: a changing AoR as is typically seen in human joints
How does active movement differ from passive movement ?
active movement is typically voluntary and performed by muscles; whereas passive movement is caused by an external force such as therapist moving a patients hand for them
In which cardinal plane do the following motions occur ? lumbar flexion, shoulder abduction, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, cervical rotation, finger abduction.
Lumbar flexion: sagittal
shoulder abduction: coronal/frontal
hip IR: horizontal
cervical rotation: horizontal
knee flexion: sagittal
finger abduction: frontal/coronal
In which cardinal plane does the axis of rotation lie for the following motions: shoulder ER, elbow flexion, hip abduction, ankle dorsiflexion, cervical rotation, MCP flexion
shoulder ER: vertical
elbow flexion: frontal
hip abduction: sagittal
ankle dorsiflexion: frontal
cervical rotation: vertical
MCP flexion: frontal
Define degrees of freedom ?
The number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint.
How many degrees of freedom do the following joints have: Hip, Knee, Great Toe
Hip: multiaxial
Knee: uniaxial
Great Toe: biaxial
Give and example of a joint that is: uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial
uni-: knee joint
bi-: MCP joints
tri-: shoulder
What is the difference between osteokinematic and arthrokinematic movement ?
osteo-: motion of bones relative to 3 cardinal planes
arhtro-: motion occurring between articular surfaces of joints
What is meant by “end feel” ?
joint’s resistance to further motion
What is the difference between open and closed chain kinematic movements ?
open chain kinematics: usually distal on proximal movement; distal segment is free to move
close chain kinematics: usually proximal on distal movement; distal segment fixed
Which movements fall under the category of arthrokinematics ?
Roll, Slide, Spin
Explain the convex-concave rule.
- convex joint rolls one way and slides the opposite way
-if a concave joint moves across a convex surface then rolls one way and slides the same way
Compare a close packed position to an open packed position.
CPP: “max congruency”; joint surfaces have most surface area of contact; ligaments and capsules taut; stable; near end range
OPP: incongruency; lax ligaments and capsules; increased accessory motions; LE LPP= flexed
Define Force:
can be called a load
a push or pull that can produce, arrest, or modify movements
Walk through the sequence of the stress strain curve defining the following points: stress, strain, toe point, elastic region, yield point, plastic region, ultimate failure point.
Stress: Y-Axis; Internal resistance to deformation of tissue
Strain: X-Axis; % increase in length of tissue
“Toe” Region: initial crimped tissue; before made taut
Elastic Region: increase of strain but tissue can regain shape if force is removed
Yield Point: when tissue is elongated beyond physiological range; no more resistance from tissue; strain continues
Plastic Region: strain continues; microscopic tissue failure; permanent deformation
Ultimate Failure Point: tissue tears; can no longer hold tissue
What are viscoelasticity and creep ?
viscoelasticity: tissues with physical properties associated with stress strain curve that change as function of time
creep: progressive strain of a material when exposed to a load over time
Discuss the difference between elastic and plastic deformation of the hamstrings in terms of increasing flexibility without causing tissue injury.
….
What is the advantage of having 3rd class levers in the body ?
you can move a small load over a large distance
