Principles

Question 1

T or F ‘z’ is positive to the person’s right

Answer 1

T

Question 2

which directional plane is positive anteriorly (direction of forward progression for gait)

Answer 2

x

Question 3

what axes form the frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 3

vertical (y) and mediolateral (z)

Question 4

what axis does frontal plane motion rotate about?

Answer 4

x axis (anteroposterior)

Question 5

Transverse Plane is formed by

Answer 5

the anteroposterior (x) and mediolateral (z) axes

Question 6

what axis does motion in the transverse plane rotate about

Answer 6

vertical

Question 7

sagittal plane is formed by

Answer 7

the vetical (y) and antero-posterior (x) axes

Question 8

motion in the sagittal plane rotates about which axis

Answer 8

mediolateral (z) axis

Question 9

what is kinematics? example?

Answer 9

description of motion

displacement, velocity, acceleration

Question 10

what is kinetics?

Answer 10

description of forces

forces, moments

Question 11

what is translation?

Answer 11

linear kinematics

Question 12

what is angular displacement measured in?

Answer 12

theta. degrees

Question 13

what is true about linear and angular motion regarding human movement

Answer 13

it’s usually a combination of the two

Question 14

What’s the difference between external and internal forces?

Answer 14

external - forces acting on the body (gravity, a weight in hand)
internal - forces acting inside the body (muscle force, passive constraints)

Question 15

what is the moment arm defined as

Answer 15

perpendicular distance between line of action of the force and the axis of rotation

Question 16

hyper/hypo-mobile, smooth/jerky is an example of which kind of description of movement

Answer 16

Qualitative

Question 17

The standard for 3-dimensional analysis is

Answer 17

y (vertical)
x (anteroposterior)
z (mediolateral)
International Society of Biomechanics standard

Question 18

T o F Scalar Quantities can only add quantities of the same units

Answer 18

T

Question 19

which quantity have magnitude AND direction

Answer 19

vector

Question 20

mass is a

Answer 20

scalar

Question 21

weight is a

Answer 21

vector (mass x gravity)

Question 22

distance is a

Answer 22

scalar

Question 23

displacement is a

Answer 23

vector

Question 24

point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be located

Answer 24

COM

Question 25

Balance point for an object

Answer 25

center of gravity

Question 26

Where is the Whole Body COM

Answer 26

S2

Question 27

Newtons 1st Law

Answer 27

object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced external force. object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced external force

Question 28

When is something in Static equilibrium

Answer 28

when the sum of the forces = 0

Question 29

Newtons Second Law

Answer 29

sum of Forces = ma

Question 30

Newtons third law

Answer 30

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 31

collinear force system

Answer 31

forces act on the same segment | tug of war

Question 32

concurrent force system

Answer 32

lines of action are at angles to each other

Question 33

First Class Lever

Answer 33

See-Saw | external force and internal force on opposite sides of fulcrum

Question 34

Second Class levers

Answer 34

wheelbarrow | fulcrum and internal force on opposite side of the external force

Question 35

third class levers

Answer 35

fulcrum and external force on opposite sides of internal force

Question 36

which lever is very common in the body

Answer 36

third class

Question 37

What happens when you multiply a vector by a scalar

Answer 37

get a vector

Question 38

How do you decrease stability

Answer 38

decrease base of support (BOS) and move COM further from BOS

Question 39

To determine the stiffness of a tissue from its stress-strain curve, I would

Answer 39

calculate the slope in the linear (elastic) portion of the curve

Question 40

``` Which of the following is not a primary component of connective tissue? fibrous proteins blood vessels ground substance cell ```

Answer 40

blood vessels

Question 41

GAG molecules have a negative charge. What important effect does this have on the ground substance of connective tissue?

Answer 41

the molecules are hydrophilic and attract water into the tissue

Question 42

When a biological tissue is loaded quickly, we would expect it to respond with a _______ response than when it is loaded slowly.

Answer 42

stiffer

Question 43

To effectively stretch a biological tissue, you must be in the _____ region of the load-deformation (stress-strain) curve

Answer 43

plastic