Principles -- 45 Q Flashcards by PASS BOARDS

1.Which of the following occurs initially with the Neuropathophysiology component of the VSC?

a. compression
b. Irritation
c. Decreased efferent firing
d. Macroischemia

b.Irritation

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2.Which of these statements characterizes the C1 and C2 nerve roots?

a. They are subject to compression in the intervertebral foramen.
b. They are subject to compression in the foramen of the transverse processes.
c. They pass over the posterior arch of the atlas.
d. They pass directly over the carotid tubercle

c.They pass over the posterior arch of the atlas.

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.Golgi tendons are ____ peripheral nerve fibers.

a. Ia
b. Ib
c. A delta
d. C

b.Ib

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4.The ____ tract controls proximal muscle flexors of the upper extremity.

a. Reticulospinal
b. Rubrospinal
c. Corticospinal
d. Tectospinal

b.Rubrospinal

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5.An increase in afferent stimuli causes a decrease in the threshold for firing best describes
____.

a. Compression
b. Facilitation
c. Neurodystrophy
d. Neuropraxia

b.Facilitation

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6.The Arcuate foramen is formed by calcification of the _____ ligament

a. Atlantoaxial
b. Flavum
c. Atlantooccipital
d. Tectorial

c.Atlantooccipital

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7.Which of the following best describes a patient with a subluxation at the C5 cervical spine referring pain to the elbow?

a. Facilitation hypothesis
b. Cord compression
c. Somatosomatic reflex
d. Somatoautonomic reflex

c.Somatosomatic reflex

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8.The rib articulations help stabilize the thoracic spine by limiting ________ and _________.

a. Extension; lateral flexion
b. Lateral flexion; rotation
c. Extension; Flexion
d. Rotation; extension

a.Extension; lateral flexion

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9.The last stage of the General Adaptation Theory is _____. This is Selye’s work.

a. Alarm
b. Resistance
c. Adaptation
d. Exhaustion

d.Exhaustion

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10.Vagotonia will produce which of the following results?

a. Pilomotor response
b. Skin vasoconstriction
c. Bronchodialtion
d. Bowel and bladder activity

d.Bowel and bladder activity

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11.Which of the following is the closed pack position in the glenohumeral joint?

a. Abduction; internal rotation
b. Abduction; external rotation
c. Adduction; internal rotation
d. Adduction; external rotation

b.Abduction; external rotation

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12.Where in the spine is the sympathetic nervous system located?

a. Upper cervicals; mid thoracics
b. Lower cervicals; upper thoracics
c. Upper and lower cervicals; lumbars
d. Upper thoracics; upper lumbars

d.Upper thoracics; upper lumbars

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13.Which of the following best describes the angle of the facets in the cervical spine?

a. Sagittal
b. Coronal
c. Transverse
d. Planar

b.Coronal

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14.Which substance is the endogenous agent that enhances nociceptor responses during inflammation?

a. Serotonin
b. Bradykinin
c. Enkephalins
d. Norepinephrine

b.Bradykinin

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15.Involvement of the dentate ligament involves which of the following?

a. somatoautonomic reflex
b. neurodystrophic hypothesis
c. dural torque theory
d. vertebral basilar arterial insufficiency

c. dural torque theory

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16.An increased atlantodental interspace could cause which of the following?

a. Myelopathy
b. Decreased disc height
c. Posterior ponticus
d. Sprengel’s deformity

a.Myelopathy

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17.The primary cause for instability in the cervical spine is ____.

a. Ligament stretch
b. Congenital
c. Facet dislocation
d. Vertebral subluxation

a.Ligament stretch

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18.What is the direct effect of the adjustment?

a. Inhibit the alpha motor neuron
b. Increase nociceptive activity
c. To restore homeostasis
d. Install aberrant motion

a.Inhibit the alpha motor neuron

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19.The vertebral artery is formed from the ____ artery and becomes the ____ artery.

a. Carotid; posterior cerebral
b. Subclavian; posterior cerebral
c. Carotid; basilar
d. Subclavian; basilar

d.Subclavian; basilar

20.Movement of a healthy disc will produce which of the following results?

a. Diffusion
b. Nutrient intake
c. Herniation
d. Osmosis

b.Nutrient intake

21.Which of the following will give way first during a forceful event of axial compression?

a. Disc
b. End plate
c. Ligament
d. Tendon

b.End plate

22.The sacroiliac joint is currently classified as which type of joint?

a. Symphysis
b. Synarthrosis
c. Atypical synovial
d. Synchondrosis

c.Atypical synovial

23.Type IA afferent muscle spindles are sensitive to length and ________ changes in muscles.

a. Pressure
b. Temperature
c. Velocity
d. Vibratory

c.Velocity

24.An increase in blood pressure detected by the baroreceptors will cause a reflex slowing of the heart rate, this is a ____ response.

a. Somatosomatic
b. Viscerovisceral
c. Viscerosomatic
d. Somatopsychic

b.Viscerovisceral

25.Decreased axoplasmic flow occurs in which component of the subluxation complex? a. Histopathology b. Myopathology c. Kinesiopathology d. Neuropathophysiology

d.Neuropathophysiology

26.Which of these is least likely to result from a C5--C6 subluxation complex with associated nerve root compression? a. Hypesthesia of the thumb b. Diminished triceps reflex c. Weakness of the wrist extensors d. Pain in the lateral forearm

b.Diminished triceps reflex

27.Which vertebral subluxation complex (VSC) component is most directly associated with the concept of facilitation or sustained receptor hyperactivity is __________. a. Neuropathophysiology b. Kinesiopathology c. Myopathology d. Histopathology

a.Neuropathophysiology

28.Segmental facilitation between which vertebrae can cause pain and hypersensitivity of the medial leg.Which of the following is most likely involved? a. L1--L2 b. L2--L3 c. L3--L4 d. L4--L5

c.L3--L4

29. Which of the following is classified as a trophic model of subluxation? a. Somatovisceral reflex b. Meniscoid entrapment c. Proprioceptive insult d. Aberrant axoplasmic flow

d.Aberrant axoplasmic flow

30.Movement around the theta y-axis allows for which of the following movements? a. Lateral flexion b. Flexion c. Rotation d. Anterior/Posterior glide

c.Rotation

1.Translation along the z--axis allows for which of the following movements? a. Superior/inferior b. Forward/backward c. Lateral flexion d. Left and right

b.Forward/backward

32.Giving a chiropractic adjustment to increase the immune system primarily affects which part of the body? a. Thymus b. Lymphatic flow c. Renal function d. Cardiac function

b.Lymphatic flow

33.Squat jumps are an example of which type of muscle movement/exercise? a. Isometric b. Isotonic c. Isokinetic d. Plyometric

d.Plyometric

34.Which of the following is innervated by the recurrent meningeal nerve? a. Nucleus pulposus b. Ligamentum flava c. Annular fibers d. Capsular ligaments

c.Annular fibers

35.Which of the following tracts carries unconscious proprioception? a. Spinocerebellar b. Spinothalamic c. Corticospinal d. Gracilis

a.Spinocerebellar

36.Korr established the concept that the subluxation creates a hyperactive nervous system. He dealt with which of the following in his concept? a. Muscle b. Nerve irritation c. Cellular damage d. Ligamentous instability

a.Muscle

37.Which of the following tracts carries crude touch? a. Lateral spinothalamic b. Ventral spinothalamic c. Dorsal columns d. Vestibulospinal

b.Ventral spinothalamic

38.Which of the following would least likely benefit from chiropractic adjusting? a. Hypermobility b. Hypomobility c. Headaches d. Facet syndrome

a.Hypermobility

39.The body heals itself through which of the following chiropractic theories? a. Universal intelligence b. Innate intelligence c. Cellular intelligence d. Vitalism

b.Innate intelligence

40.Research by Kirkaldy Willis showed a three phase model that is involved with ____. a. Instability b. Facet imbrication c. Hypomobility d. SI dysfunction

a.Instability

41.Which of the following is not a parasympathetic function? a. Depressed respiration b. Pupil dilation c. Increased peristalsis d. Increased vasodilation to abdominal organs

b.Pupil dilation

42.Which of the following is likely to occur first with compression in the IVF? a. Venous compromise b. Arterial compromise c. Muscle atrophy d. Nerve compression

a.Venous compromise

43.Sclerotogenous pain is described as _____. a. Radiating b. Burning c. Diffuse and dull d. Follows the dermatome

c.Diffuse and dull

44.Which of the following segments is responsible for the greatest amount of rotation in the cervical spine? a. C0--C1 b. C1--C2 c. C5--C6 d. C7--T1

b.C1--C2

45.Which of the following regions of the brain is responsible for the decrease in the amount of light to the brain? a. Temporal b. Parietal c. Frontal d. Midbrain

d.Midbrain