Principles Bones Flashcards
What is hyaline cartilage
Articular cartilage
What is “physis”
Growth
What does “endochondrial” mean?
Within cartilage
What is ossification?
Turning to bone
Growth of bone occurs in _____ directions.
Growth of bone occurs in both directions.
When does bone growth cease?
When the growth plate of hyaline cartilage ossifies.
What are the two layers of bone?
Outer cortex
Inner medulla
What is the outer cortex of bone made up of?
Dense, strong, heavy, compact bone (cortical bone)
What is the inner medulla of bone made up of?
Porous, lighter spongy bone
Trabecullar bone
Cancellous bone
Why is bone more compact in the middle?
For stability
What is the site of red and white blood cell production?
Bone marrow
What is the periosteum?
Fibrous connective tissue “sleeve”
What is it painful if the periosteum is damaged?
Because it is well vascularised
Why is there an increased incidence of fractures of the neck of the femur?
There’s less compact bone
It has a thin/angled structure, making it less stable
When are fractures of the clavicle common?
In children
Due to falling onto outstretched hand
Why are fractures of the clavicle common?
Because it’s the weakest junction between middle and lateral thirds.
What is the purpose of the “callus” in fracture healing?
Initial healing piece
Creates bridge
Callus of a new bone surrounds fracture line, causes callus remodeling, causes healing
What are green stick fractures?
Bone doesn’t break completely, fracture isn’t as bad.
Why do bony features form?
4 answers
Can develop to suit a function
Can develop because something is pulling it (force)
Can develop because something runs adjacent to it (e.g. tendon)
Can develop around another structure
What is a foramen?
A hole for cranial nerves and brain’s blood vessels to pass into/ out of cranial cavity.
What is a fossa?
A space
What is the cranial cavity?
The space inside the skull
