Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Past Paper Questions > Principles formative > Flashcards

Principles formative Flashcards

1
Q

which structure is located along the length of the testis at its posterior aspect and moves in a superior to inferior direction?

A

epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which structure is cut and tied off in a common male sterilisation procedure?

A

vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which structure drains semen into the prostatic urethra?

A

ejaculatory duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which bone is part of the axial skeleton and articulates with a cervical vertebra?

A

occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

A

hypoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the hypoid bone located?

A

anterior part of the neck, at the level of C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what structures from the pubic outlet?

A

ischium (ischiopubic ramus), coccyx, pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities and the sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of joint is the interosseus membrane?

A

fibrous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which joint is between the C1 and the neurocranium?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what joint has approx 180 degrees of flexion?

A

shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the site of ribosome production?

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which structure spreads electrical activity directly from cell to cell?

A

communicating junctions (gap junctions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the site of lipid synthesis?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the name for an avascular, typically polarised tissue that forms cohesive sheets, covering surfaces and lining cavities?

A

epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which structure is composed of very long elongated cells with each cell having multiple nuclei?

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which two cell types are striated?

A

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which cells appear striated, are branched and have a single nucleus that is located near their centre?

A

cardiac muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which type of glia produces myelin in the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of cells are microglia?

A

immune surveillance cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which type of cells produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

A

schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an example function of astrocytes?

A

support and maintaining homeostasis in the extracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three types of glia cells?

A

astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when do most major abnormalities of development occur?

A

weeks 3-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the azygous system?

A

a collective term given to the venous systems draining the thoracic wall and upper lumbar region including the azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos veins and left superior intercostal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the thoracic duct?
major lympathic vessel in the body that return lymph to large veins in the root of the neck
26
what layers (in order) does an average sized artery have?
1. tunica intima 2. internal elastic membrane 3. tunica media 4. external elastic membrane 5. tunica adventitia
27
what is a oocyte?
a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum
28
what is a acrosome?
a cap-like saccular organelle in the anterior half of the dead of the sperm that contains several enzymes
29
what is a foetus?
a multicellular and developed from week 9 --> birth.
30
what is a morulla?
a spherical shape of cells, 3-4 days after fertilisation
31
what is a blastocyst?
a ball of cells with a cavity and inner cell mass, 4-5 days after fertilisation
32
what is a zygote?
a single cell organism also called a fertilised ovum
33
when is an unborn offspring considered an embryo?
fertilisation to week 8
34
what do enzymes do?
increase the velocity of a reaction by decreasing the energy of activation
35
how many ADP molecules are phosphorylated to ATP during the complete catabolism of glucose to pyruvate?
4
36
what is a transcription factor?
a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcription
37
what type of molecules do ribosomes consist of?
RNA and proteins
38
what is quaternary structure?
the relative orientation of one polypeptide to another polypeptide in a multi-subunit protein
39
what is the direction of synthesis of DNA?
5' to 3'
40
what is buffering capacity?
the extent to which a buffer solution can counteract the effect of added acid or base
41
what is catabolism?
breakdown of complex structures to obtain the 'building block' of life
42
what is anabolism?
assimilation of complex structures from the building block of life
43
what is phosphorylation?
enzymatic addition of phosphate group to an amino acid residue in a protein
44
which receptor in the human heart mediates the increase in rate and force due to the stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Beta1 adrenoceptor
45
what is a example of a organ which receives only sympathetic innervation by pre-ganglionic fibres?
the medulla of the adrenal gland
46
what is the normal range of mean arterial blood pressure?
70-105 mmHg
47
what is the resting potential of a typical nerve cell?
-70mV
48
what is the anterior hypothalamic centre stimulated by?
warmth
49
what is the posterior hypothalamic centre stimulated by?
cold
50
what is a malignant tumour derived from a glandular epithelial surface known as?
adenocarcinoma
51
what is empyema?
a body cavity filled with pus
52
what is metastasis?
spread of cancer from the primary anatomical site
53
what is emphysema?
chronic lung disease with loss of elasticity of alveolar air spaces
54
what is neoplasia?
abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells
55
what is hypoplasia?
reduction in cell numbers
56
what is hypertrophy?
an increase in cell size
57
what is the initial response in the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
arteriole dilatation
58
which two cell types does granulation tissue consist of?
endothelial cells and myofibroblasts
59
what cell types does granuloma consist of?
macrophages and histiocytes
60
what does tissue in the CNS undergo after a stroke and significant cell death?
liquefactive necrosis
61
where is coagulative necrosis often found?
cardiac muscle
62
what is caseous necrosis most commonly associated with?
tuberculosis
63
if the cocci are arranged in grape-like clusters, they are likely to be?
staphylococci
64
what do gram positive organisms produce?
exotoxins
65
which type of organism stains purple?
gram positive
66
what is malaria caused by?
protozoa called plasmodium

Past Paper Questions (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions