Principles of CardioRespiratory System

Question 1

List 3 blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood

Answer 1

1. Artery
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries

Question 2

List 2 blood vessels that drain deoxygenated blood

Answer 2

1. Veins

2. Venules

Question 3

List the 6 structures in an Artery and state the difference between the structure of an artery and a vein

Answer 3

1. Endothelium
2. Tunica Intima
3. Lamina Elastica Interna
4. Tunica Media (smooth muscle)
5. Lamina Elastica Externa
6. Tunica Adventitia - Vasa vasorum

Veins have a thinner layer of smooth muscle. They also not have an intima

Question 4

The endothelium of an artery is made up of __________ epithelial cell

Answer 4

The endothelium of an artery is made up of SQUAMOUS epithelial cell

Question 5

List 2 disease that can occur in the endothelial/intima of an artery and explain them

Answer 5

1. Thrombosis (thrombus +embolism)
2. Atherosclerosis - plaque in wall, reduced blood flow, bigger heart

Thrombus - blood clots easily. Embolism - stray of blood clot in lumen

Question 6

Arteries have decreasing lumen diameter the further they go away from the heart. True or False ?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Arteries carries blood under low pressure away from the heart. True or False

Answer 7

False.

artery carries blood under high pressure away from the heart.

Question 8

Artery types are dependent on?

Answer 8

Content of their Tunica Media. Where it is Smooth muscle or Elastin fibres

Question 9

List 2 types of Artery

Answer 9

1. Elastic artery

2. Muscular artery

Question 10

Name 2 Elastic artery

Answer 10

1. Aorta
2. Common Carotid artery

The 2 main conducting arteries. Has a large tunica media made of elastic. Accommodates high surges of blood from the heart

Question 11

What is a carotid artery

Answer 11

Artery that supplies the head and neck.

Common carotid artery splits into the internal and external carotid artery

Question 12

Muscular arteries are the main distributing arteries to smaller arteries and arterioles. True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Muscular arteries tunica media is comprised of ________

Answer 13

Smooth muscle

Question 14

How does muscular arteries control blood flow

Answer 14

Constriction - Vasoconstriction

Dilation - Vasodilation

Question 15

Elastic arteries have pulsatile contractions that aids in propelling of blood. True or False

Answer 15

False.
They posses Elastin fibres in their Tunica media, not smooth muscle. It is muscular arteries that posses pulsatile contraction

Question 16

Arterioles have thin intima and smooth muscle. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Arterioles are important in regulating the flow of blood in the capillary bed (slow, so gas exchange can occur). True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

List 2 types of Capillaries

Answer 18

1. Continuous capillaries - uninterrupted lining, e.g in skin and lungs
2. Fenestrated capillaries: has numerous pores. Allows small protein though. Found in Endocrine glands

Question 19

Function of capillaries

Answer 19

Allows for the transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, phagocytic cells and immune cells.

Question 20

Collecting venules have increased diameter and increased smooth muscle in their media to accommodate increased blood flow. True or False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Venules can have elastin fibres. True or False

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Pressure in veins are high. True or False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Because of low pressure in the vein, tunica media is thinner. True or False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Where veins have to work against gravity, _______ _______ are present

Answer 24

Where veins have to work against gravity, LIMB VALVES are present

Question 25

______ veins drains venous plexus

Answer 25

Medium e.g cephalic vein

Question 26

Large veins have well adapted tunica adventitia. True or False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Name an example of a Large vein

Answer 27

Vena cava

Question 28

Which is more prominent in the Liver? A. Arteries B. Veins

Answer 28

B. Veins | The liver receives 80% deoxygenated blood and 20% oxygenated blood

Question 29

The circulatory system is divided into 2 system. List them

Answer 29

1. Pulmonary system - the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries 2. Systemic system - the left ventricle pumps blood to the Aorta, then to the rest of the body

Question 30

Blood containing digested products from the spleen, stomach and intestine goes into the liver via the hepatic portal vein. FILTERED - then leaves the liver via the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. TRUE OR TRUE (LOL)

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

What is Venae comitantes

Answer 31

Pairs of veins surrounding an artery

Question 32

What is Haemostasis

Answer 32

When an artery vessel gets injured. vascular sperm constricts the vessel, platelets stick together to form a plug, then coagulation confirms the plug

Question 33

What is an anastomoses

Answer 33

unity of arteries e.g vertebral arteries. | Creates uninterrupted circulation especially in limbs around joints

Question 34

Arteries that have no anastomoses form an end and are called End arteries. Occlusion in end arteries can lead to loss of function. E.g occlusion in central renal artery can lead to blindness and occlusion of coronary artery can lead to myocardial infarction. True or False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Name of valve between the atria and ventricle in the RHS is called

Answer 35

Tricuspid valve

Question 36

Name of valve between the atria and ventricle in the LHS is called

Answer 36

Mitral/bicuspid valve MitraL -Left

Question 37

Vagus nerve of the parasympathetic component decreases Heart rate. True or False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Veins follow a very set pattern that does not differ T or F?

Answer 38

False. Different veins in the body has different number of valves. Veins in lower limbs have more valve as blood moves against gravity

Question 39

Artery follow a very set pattern that do not differ. T or F

Answer 39

True