Principles of the lymphatic system

Question 1

What is Lymph

Answer 1

A coagulable fluid (interstitial fluid) that contains WBC+lipids.
Present in lymphatic vessels

Question 2

List 3 functions of the Lymphatic system

Answer 2

1. Drainage of fluid from tissues to prevent oedema
2. Absorption and transports of fatty acids from small intestine
3. Involved in the immune system defence mechanism

Question 3

List 4 components of the Lymphatic system

Answer 3

1. Lymph
2. Lymphatic vessels
3. Lymph organs (production and storage of lymph)
4. Bone marrow (production of lymphocytes)

Question 4

List 7 main locations of lymphatic components

Answer 4

1. Cervical node
2. Thymus
3. Axillary node
4. Spleen
5. Thoracic duct
6. Intestinal node
7. Inguinal nodes
8. Bone marrow

Question 5

List 3 nodes that are superficial

Answer 5

1. The Cervical nodes
2. The Axillary nodes
3. The Inguinal nodes

Question 6

Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine, that carry lipids are called ______

Answer 6

Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine, that carry lipids are called LACTEALS

Question 7

Lymph in Lacteals is called ______

Answer 7

Lymph in Lacteals is called CHYLE (lymph+lipids)

Question 8

Lymphatic capillaries are arranged so lymph only flow in one direction. True or False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which of the following statement is correct.

Lymph can flow in forwards and backwards in lymphatic capillaries to assemble at the Lymphatic vessel (afferent)

Lymphatic capillaries are arranged in a way that allows lymph to flow in one direction.

Answer 9

Lymphatic capillaries are arranged in a way that allows lymph to flow in one direction.

Question 10

Just like veins, lymphatic vessels contain valves to prevent backflow. True or False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

List the 3 layers of a Lymphatic vessels

Answer 11

1. Endothelium
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Adventitia

Question 12

List 4 mechanisms of movement of lymph from tissue spaces and within lymphatic capillaries/tissue

Answer 12

1. Pressure of fluid in interstitial spaces
2. Respiratory movement
3. Contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle
4. Contraction of smooth muscle in lymphatic vessels

Question 13

State 2 function of the Lymph node

-Parenchyma

Answer 13

1. Filtration of matter (e.g bacteria)

2. Aids in immune cell response

Question 14

Outer cortex and medulla is made up of

Answer 14

B cells and macrophages

Question 15

Inner cortex is made up of

Answer 15

T cells

Question 16

What is the function of the Trabecular sinus

Answer 16

It forces the lymph fluid to go into the cortex, then medulla before leaving the node

Question 17

list 2 types of nodes in a node chain

Answer 17

1. Primary nodes - nodes/group of nodes at the start of chain
2. Terminal nodes- nodes/group of nodes at the end of chain

Question 18

Lymph node can be located ______ or _____________

Answer 18

Lymph node can be located DEEP or SUPERFICIAL

Question 19

name 2 regions deep lymph nodes are closely located

Answer 19

1. Vasculatures (mainly arteries)

2. Viscera (organs)

Question 20

Superficial lymph nodes are named by their region, whilst deep lymph node are named by close vasculatures/viscera(organs). True or False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Lymphatic drainage of the breast and upper limb is done by which 2 nodes

Answer 21

1. Axillary node (75%)

2. Parasternal node (25%)

Question 22

State 2 differences between a lymph node and a lymph nodule

Answer 22

1. Lymph nodules are smaller than lymph nodes

2. lymph nodules have no capsule

Question 23

List 2 examples of lymph nodules and regions they can be found

Answer 23

1. Appendix. 2. Tonsils

Regions

1. GI tract
2. Urinary tract
3. Reproductive tract
4. Respiratory airways

Question 24

List the 3 right collecting duct

Answer 24

1. Right jugular trunk
2. Right subclavian trunk
3. Right bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 25

List the 4 left collecting duct

Answer 25

1. Left jugular trunk 2. Left subclavian trunk 3. Left bronchomediastinal trunk 4. Cisterna chyli

Question 26

The thoracic duct goes down to the cisterna chyli. The cisterna chyli drain 4 main trunks. Name them

Answer 26

1. The left intestinal trunk 2. The right intestinal trunk 3. The left lumbar trunk 4. The right lumbar trunk

Question 27

The cisterna chyli drain 3 body regions. List them

Answer 27

1. The abdomen 2. The pelvis 3. The The lower limbs

Question 28

In what vertebrae region is the cisterna chyli present ?

Answer 28

L1/L2

Question 29

In what vertebrae region is the thoracic duct present

Answer 29

From the base of the neck (about T1) to L2

Question 30

The thoracic duct lies between the ________ _________ and ___________ in posterior mediastinum

Answer 30

The thoracic duct lies between the AZYGOS VEIN and OESOPHAGUS in the posterior mediastinum

Question 31

Location of the Thymus Shape of Thymus Blood supply Function

Answer 31

``` Mediastinum T4/5 Posterior to sternum, anterior to heart Shape: Bilobed Vein = left brachiocephalic vein Artery = internal thoracic artery Generate immune system - contains macrophage, dendritic and T cells ```

Question 32

Location of the Spleen Blood supply Function

Answer 32

Left hypocondrium region of abdomen/ posterior to stomach Vein/Artery: Splenic ``` Recycle erythrocytes+platelets Stores lymphocytes Mounts immune response Filters blood Reservior (platelets) ```

Question 33

Spleen is divided into 2 parts. List them and name their function

Answer 33

1. The White Pulp: contains lymphocytes, macrophages around central arteries 2. Red pulp: Blood filled venous sinuses surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and red blood cells

Question 34

List the flow of lymph

Answer 34

Arterial capillary - interstitial space - lymphatic capillary - lymphatic vessel(afferent) - lymph node -lymphatic vessel (efferent) -lymphatic trunk - collecting duct - internal jugular vein/subclavian vein

Question 35

List the flow of lymph through a node

Answer 35

lymphatic vessel (afferent) - subcapsular sinuses - trabecular sinuses - cortex - medulla - lymphatic vessel (efferent)