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Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What is the pharmacy AMAL?

A

634

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2
Q

Prescription drugs

A

Require a written prescription by an accredited authorized prescriber provider

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3
Q

Non-Prescription drugs

A

OTC drugs can be purchased without the services of a physician or pharmacist

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4
Q

What are the 3 authorized methods for pharmacy orders

A
  1. Genesis/CHCS
  2. DD 1289
  3. NAVMED 6710/6
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5
Q

Prescription Form

A

DD 1289

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6
Q

Poly prescription

A

NAVMED 6710/6

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7
Q

CONTROLLED substances shall be written:

A
  1. only on the DD 1289, never on a poly-prescription.
  2. Prescriptions must be written in ink, indelible pencil or typewritten
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8
Q

Prescriptions must contain what 7 things?

A
  1. Full name
  2. Date Rx
  3. DOB
  4. Drug’s generic name, form type, dosage strength, quantity dispensed
  5. Directions for the patient
  6. Legible signature of the provider
  7. Refill authorization
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9
Q

IDCs are not required to use what form for prescribing drugs, other than controlled drugs?

UNLESS directed by who?

A

DD1289

the Commanding Officer or higher authority

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10
Q

When Rx non controlled substances where will the IDC document?

Including what 3 things?

A

SOAP note
drug administered, quantity, and directions

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11
Q

4 General principles of pharmacology are:

A
  1. Factors that affect actions of drugs
  2. Factors that affect drug reactions
  3. Factors influencing drug response interactions
  4. Various types of drug interactions
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12
Q

Pharmacokinetic:

A

What the drug does after it enters the body.

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

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13
Q

The transfer of the drug from the body fluids to the tissues

A

Absorption

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14
Q

What metric system is used for Rx drugs?

A

mg/kg

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15
Q

What type of transport is a carrier molecule such as a protein or enzyme that actively moves the drug across the membrane.

A

Active Absorption

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16
Q

What type of transport diffuses across a membrane from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

A

Passive absorption

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17
Q

What type of transport do cells engulf the drug particle across the cell membrane.

A

Pinocytosis

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18
Q

What type of absorption is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation?

A

Bioavailability

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19
Q

What are the 6 Factors that alter Bioavailability?

A
  1. Drug from
  2. Route of administration
  3. Liver dysfunction.
  4. GI mucosa and motility
  5. Food and drugs
  6. Solubility
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20
Q

What type of drugs are absorbed faster fat soluble or water soluble?

A

fat soluble

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21
Q

What is the movement of a drug throughout the body typically on
proteins?

A

Distribution

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22
Q

What is drug levels in the blood to produce desired effect?

Study These Flashcards
A

Therapeutic effect

23
Q

What is a chemical reaction by which liver converts drug to inactive compound

24
Q

Metabolism occurs where in the body?

Study These Flashcards
A

Liver, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa

25
A patient with what disease, may require a lower dose of a medication that is metabolized by the liver or a different medication that is not metabolized by the liver?
Liver Disease
26
What is elimination of drugs from the body?
Excretion
27
The _______ excretes the inactive compounds from the body in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
* Kidney * Urine
28
What is the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug?
Half - Life
29
What can increase the half-life risk of toxicity?
Kidney disease Liver disease Old age
30
The Primary effect is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ The Secondary effects (side effects) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
desired effect desired or undesired
31
A compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms.
Physical dependence
32
A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience.
Psychological dependence
33
A genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug.
Pharmacogenetic disorder
34
A specialized macromolecule that binds to the drug molecule, altering the function of the cell and producing the therapeutic response.
Receptor
35
A drug that alters cellular function can increase or decrease the physiologic functions of the cell. Ex: Increased heart rate, decrease blood pressure.
Alterations in Cellular Environment
36
Alteration of cell to achieve the desired response
Therapeutic Response
37
Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic response.
Agonist
38
Drug binds to receptor stronger than the agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect Ex: Narcan is antagonist to morphine
Antagonist
39
Undesirable drug effects is known as
Adverse reaction
40
A drug reaction that occurs because the individual's immune system views the drug as a foreign substance.
Allergic reaction
41
Any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug that a patient can have, that do not occur in the vast majority of patients taking the same drug.
Drug idiosyncrasy
42
A decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.
Drug tolerance
43
A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given
Cumulative drug effect
44
A harmful drug effect if it is delivered in high dose or when blood concentration levels exceed therapeutic level (as seen in patients with Liver or Kidney disease)
Toxic
45
Inherited traits that cause abnormal metabolism of the drug. Ex: G6PD patient taking aspirin or sulfonamides will have hemolysis of their RBCs.
Pharmacogenetics Reactions
46
The dissolution of a drug. Usually applying to the breakdown of tablets.
Pharmaceutic phase
47
When one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug. Ex: Antacid with oral tetracycline decrease effectiveness of tetracycline.
Drug Interactions
48
A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.
Additive drug reaction
49
A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.
Synergism
50
When one drug interferes with the action of another, causing neutralization or a decrease in the effect of one drug. Ex: Protamine sulfate completely neutralizes the effects of heparin.
Antagonist Drug Reaction
51
Drug given orally, food may impair or enhance its absorption. Ex: Proton Pump Inhibitor should be taken 1 hour before meals.
Drug - Food Interactions
52
What are factors influencing drug response?
1. Age 2. Weight 3. Gender 4. Disease 5. Route of Administration 6. Pregnancy
53
What is a Teratogen?
substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus
54
What are the 5 FDA Drug ratings in pregnancy? and what do they mean?
1. A = no risk 2. B = no evidence of risk 3. C = risk cannot be ruled out 4. D = positive evidence of risk 5. X = contraindicated for pregnancy

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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