Principles Of PNF

Question 1

What are ways to provide continuous sensory input?

Answer 1

-manual contacts (assist, resist, block, and/or guide motion)
-verbal guidance (cue, coach or enforce)
-visual feedback

Question 2

What does PNF stand for?

Answer 2

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 3

What are general purposes of PNF?

Answer 3

-to decrease abnormal muscle tone
-to promote optimal, coordinated movement
-to increase strength and endurance
-to stretch tight muscles

Question 4

What are the muscle groups in the muscular system?

Answer 4

Agonist, antagonist, supports, fixators

Question 5

Agonist purpose/function

Answer 5

Produce movement

Question 6

Antagonist purpose/function

Answer 6

Relax to allow movement

Question 7

Muscle supports purpose/function

Answer 7

Stabilize trunk and proximal extremities

Question 8

Muscle fixators purpose/function

Answer 8

Hold bones steady

Question 9

Goal of PNF

Answer 9

Strengthen gross motor patterns instead of specific muscle actions

Question 10

Purpose of facilitation during PNF

Answer 10

Increase action potential of motor neurons

Question 11

Purpose of inhibition during PNF

Answer 11

Creates a decrease in excitability of motor neurons (spasticity or tightness of muscles)

Question 12

Shoulder flexion and extension D1

Answer 12

Flexion, ADD, ER

Extension, ABD, IR

Question 13

Scapula flexion and extension D1

Answer 13

Flexion: elevation, ABD, upward rotation

Extension: depression, ADD, downward rotation

Question 14

Elbow flexion and extension D1 and D2

Answer 14

Flex or extension (for both flex/ext)

Question 15

Forearm flexion and extension D1 and D2

Answer 15

Flexion: supination

Extension: pronation

Question 16

Wrist flexion and extension D1

Answer 16

Flexion, radial deviation

Extension, ulnar deviation

Question 17

Hand flexion and extension D1

Answer 17

Flexion, ADD

Extension, ABD

Question 18

Shoulder flexion and extension D2

Answer 18

Flexion, ABD, ER

Extension ADD, IR

Question 19

Scapula flexion and extension D2

Answer 19

Flexion: elevation, ABD, upward rotation

Extension: depression, ADD, downward rotation

Question 20

Wrist flexion and extension D2

Answer 20

Flexion: extension, radial deviation

Extension: flexion, ulnar deviation

Question 21

Hand flexion and extension D2

Answer 21

Flexion: extension, ABD

Extension: flexion, ADD

Question 22

Hip flexion and extension D1

Answer 22

Flexion, ADD, ER

Extension, ABD, IR

Question 23

Knee flexion and extension D1 and D2

Answer 23

Flexion

Extension

Question 24

Ankle flexion and extension D1

Answer 24

Flexion: DF, INV

Extension: PF, EV

Question 25

Toes flexion and extension D1 and D2

Answer 25

Flexion: extension Extension: flexion

Question 26

Hip flexion and extension D2

Answer 26

Flexion, ABD, IR Extension, ADD, ER

Question 27

Ankle flexion and extension D2

Answer 27

Flexion: DF, EV Extension: PF, INV

Question 28

What are the 3 PNF stretching/relaxation techniques

Answer 28

Hold-relax (HR) Contract-relax (CR) Hold-relax-antagonist-contract

Question 29

Purpose of PNF stretching techniques

Answer 29

-increase flexibility and ROM -used for muscular tension/tightness

Question 30

Purpose of muscular activation PNF techniques

Answer 30

Non-optimal motor control, strength, endurance, coordination

Question 31

Steps for Hold-Relax (HR)

Answer 31

-move until resistance is felt -isometric hold for 5-10 sec -passively move to increase range -repeat 3-4x or as needed

Question 32

What type of muscle is primarily involved for Hold-Relax? What type of inhibition?

Answer 32

Agonist, autogenic inhibition

Question 33

What type of muscle is primarily involved for Contract-Relax ? What type of inhibition?

Answer 33

Antagonist, reciprocal inhibition

Question 34

Steps for Contract-Relax (CR)

Answer 34

-PT moves body part to limitation -Resistance applied to activate antagonist for 5-10 sec -PT moves body part to new range passively -repeat if or when needed

Question 35

Steps of Hold-Relax-Antagonist-Contract

Answer 35

-PT moves body part to limitation -resistance applied to activate agonist, isometric hold for 5-10 sec -concentric contraction of antagonist -hold new range for 10-15 sec -repeat several times

Question 36

What are the PNF strengthening techniques?

Answer 36

Rhythmic initiation Repeated contraction Slow reversal Slow reversal hold Rhythmic stabilization

Question 37

When is Rhythmic Initiation used?

Answer 37

-For pts that are unable to initiate movement and who have limited ROM b/c of increase in tone -teach movement pattern

Question 38

What is the order of ROM for Rhythmic Initiation? Muscles focused on?

Answer 38

PROM -> AAROM -> AROM w/o resistance Agonist movers

Question 39

Example of Rhythmic Initiation

Answer 39

Scapular patterns flexion/extension -pt SLying, PT moves scapula between anterior shoulder and inferior angle -PROM 4-6x, AAROM 4-6x, AROM 4-6x

Question 40

What is Repeated Contraction used? What type of muscle does it focus on?

Answer 40

-for pts w/ weakness at specific point in pattern or throughout the entire pattern (ROM) -agonist movers

Question 41

What occurs during Repeated Contraction?

Answer 41

Repeated, dynamic contractions of agonist concentrically against max resistance until fatigue

Question 42

What is Slow Reversal used for? What type(s) of muscles are focused on?

Answer 42

-useful in development of AROM and normal reciprocal timing of agonist and antagonist muscles -reversal of agonists

Question 43

What occurs during Slow Reversal?

Answer 43

Isotonic contraction on agonist followed by isotonic contraction of antagonist muscle

Question 44

What occurs during Slow Reversal Hold?

Answer 44

Isotonic contraction of agonist followed by isometric contraction w/ command of “hold” at the end of active range

Question 45

What is Slow Reversal Hold used for? What type(s) of muscle(s) focused on?

Answer 45

-useful for developing strength at a specific point in AROM -reversal of agonists

Question 46

What is Rhythmic Stabilization used for? What type of muscle focused on?

Answer 46

-promote stability through co-contraction of proximal muscle stabilization of trunk, pelvic girdle, or shoulder -reversal of agonists