Principles of the skeletal system Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system comprises bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
Cartilage serves as a precursor to most bones and also covers most mature joints.
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Ligaments hold bones together at joints, providing stability and preventing excessive movement.
What is the function of tendons in the skeletal system?
Tendons attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement and facilitating muscle control.
What are the components of the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid bone, sacrum, and coccyx.
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the limbs, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
What are long bones?
Long bones are tubular in shape, with a long axis and two ends that articulate with other bones. Examples include the humerus.
What are short bones?
Short bones are cuboidal in shape. Examples include the carpal bones of the wrist.
What are flat bones?
Flat bones are thin and possibly curved. They protect internal organs. Examples include the cranial bones of the skull.
What are sesamoid bones?
Sesamoid bones are small bones that lie within tendons. An example is the patella (kneecap).
What are irregular bones?
Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories. Examples include the vertebrae of the spine and the bones of the face.
What is an infraspinous fossa?
The infraspinous fossa is an external depression on the posterior aspect of the scapula bone.
What is a supraspinous fossa?
The supraspinous fossa is an external depression on the posterior aspect of the scapula bone located above the spine of the scapula.
What is a fossa?
A fossa is a shallow depression or concave surface on a bone.
What is a groove?
A groove is a long, narrow, and shallow channel or furrow on a bone.
What is a notch?
A notch is an indentation or v-shaped cut on the edge of a bone.
What is a sulcus?
A sulcus is a groove or furrow, often smaller and more shallow than a groove, found on the surface of a bone.
What are facets in relation to bone structure?
Facets are small projections on a bone that are covered with cartilage. They provide smooth surfaces for articulation with other bones.
What are condyles?
Condyles are rounded articular surfaces found on certain bones. They are usually smooth and convex and serve as points of articulation with other bones.
What is a head in bone anatomy?
In bone anatomy, a head refers to a rounded or expanded articular end of a bone. It is usually larger than the rest of the bone and is involved in joint articulation.
What is a joint in arthrology?
A joint, also known as an articulation, is any point where two bones meet.
What are the major categories of joints?
Fibrous joints: Joints where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. They allow little to no movement.
Cartilaginous joints: Joints where the bones are connected by cartilage. They allow limited movement.
Synovial joints: Joints where the bones are separated by a synovial cavity and are surrounded by a joint capsule. They allow a wide range of movement and are the most common type of joint in the body.
What is a synarthrosis joint?
A synarthrosis joint is a fibrous joint where bones are united by dense regular connective tissue. These joints allow little to no movement.
What are the two types of joints where bones are linked by cartilage?
Synchondrosis: Bones are bound by hyaline cartilage. In some cases, this cartilage may ossify to form a synostosis or bony joint.
Symphysis: Two bones are joined by fibrocartilage, typically found in the midline of the body. Examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
