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Problem 1 Flashcards

The Brain

1
Q

Saggital Plane

A

Devides brain into left and right

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2
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Devides Brain into front and back

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3
Q

Horizontal Plane

A

Devides brain into upper and lower parts

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4
Q

Medial

A

towards the middle

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5
Q

Lateral

A

towards the side

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6
Q

Ipsilateral

A

location is on same side of the body

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7
Q

Contralateral

A

location is on opposite sides of body

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8
Q

superior

A

above

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9
Q

inferior

A

below

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10
Q

Anterior/Rostral

A

towards the nose

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11
Q

Posterior/Caudal

A

towards the back of the head/tail

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12
Q

Dorsal

A

towards top of the head

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13
Q

Ventral

A

towards chest/ bottom of head

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14
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

carries information into region of interest

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15
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

carries information out of / away from region of interest

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16
Q

Central nervous System

A

Division of the nervous system that consists of brain and Spinal cord

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17
Q

Division of the CNS

A
  1. Forebrain
    Telencephalon
    Diencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon ( Midbrain )
  3. Hindbrain
    Metencephalon
    Myelencephalon ( Medulla)
  4. Spinal Cord
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18
Q

Telencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Cortex, Basal Ganglia

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19
Q

Diencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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20
Q

Metencephalon ( Subdivisions )

A

Cerebellum, Pons

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21
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Division of Nervous System, consisting of all the nerves lying outside the CNS

Allows CNS to send and receive information to other areas of the body

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22
Q

Division of the PNS

A

Somatic NS : Interacts with the external environment

Autonomic NS : Regulates the body internal environment

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23
Q

Substructures of the Frontal Lobe

A
  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Motor Cortex
  • Brocas Area
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24
Q

Brocas Area

A
  • Production of written and spoken language

- Processing and comprehending language

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25
Prefrontal Cortex
Assessing and controlling appropriate behaviour -reasoning, planning, judgement
26
Premotor Cortex
Preparing movement
27
Primary Motor Cortex
controls the excecution of movement
28
Role of the Frontal Lobe
- voluntary movement - decision making - language
29
Role of Occipital Lobes
- primary visual area of the brain | - -> input from retina
30
Substructure of the Occipital Lobes
- dorsal stream | - ventral stream
31
Dorsal stream
- processes where objects are located | - projects information to the parietal lobes
32
Ventral stream
- processes what objects are | - projects information to the temporal lobes
33
Substructure of the Parietal Lobes
- Somatosensory Cortex
34
Role of the Parietal Lobes
Perception and integration of somatosensory information ex.: pressure, pain, warmth
35
Substructures of the Temporal Lobes
- Wernickes area - Superior / Inferior / Middle temporal Gyrus - primary auditory Cortex
36
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Memory and language processing
37
Superior Temporal Gyrus
- Processing sounds and speech | - -> contains primary auditory cortex
38
Wernickes Area
language comprehension
39
Role of the Temporal Lobes
- recognition - learning and memory - perception ( herging, vision, smell )
40
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Visual perception
41
Role of Cerebellum
- Coordination o voluntary movement | - Balance, timing, posture
42
Substructures of the Brain Stem
- Midbrain - Pons - Medulla
43
Role of the Brain Stem
- Maintaining Homoestasis - -> regulating blood pressure, breathing etc. (autonomic functions) - Sleep
44
Role of the Limbic System
- processing and controlling emotions | - memory formation + Storage
45
Substructures of the Limbic System
- amygdala - hippocampus - hypothalamus - thalamus
46
Amygdala
- fight or flight response | - fear / emotion / reward processing
47
Hippocampus
memory
48
Hypothalamus
eating sleeping
49
Sylvian Fissure
Sulcus, Divides temporal lobe from frontal lobes
50
Central Sulcus
devides frontal and parietal lobes
51
Grey Matter
receives and processes information
52
White Matter
transmits information to other locations
53
Basal Ganglia
involved in instrumental conditioning habit learning --> acquired gradually
54
Ventral tegmental Area (Midbrain) | VTA
Origin of the dopaminergic cell bodies of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system --> implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain
55
Reticular formation
- plays a central role in states of consciousness like alertness and sleep - projects to the cerebral cortex + thalamus
56
Thalamus
- regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness | - relays (weiterleiten) motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
57
Meninges
- protective tissue of the brain - consists of three different types of layers - -> Dura mater - -> Arachnoid membrane - -> Pia mater
58
Dura mater
most outer layer, thick and tough - dural folds - -> Falx: separates hemispheres - -> Tentorium: separates cerebrum from cerebellum
59
Substructures of the Basal Ganglia
- putamen - caudate nucleus => dorsal striatum - nucleus accumbens (NAC) - olfactory tubercle => ventral striatum
60
Longitudinal Fissure
divides left and right hemispheres
61
Basic functions of the brain | Division according to capalbo - Knowledge clip
``` Front part --> complex functions Middle part --> responds to the back Back part --> visual Upper part --> more complex Lower part --> basic bodily functions ```
62
Supplementary motor area
planning of movement

Body & Behaviour (9 decks)

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