Problem Solving

Question 1

things you can touch (the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system.)

Answer 1

hardware

Question 2

set of instructions; intangible (the programs and other operating information used by a computer.)

Answer 2

software

Question 3

software developers write _________

Answer 3

programs

Question 4

software is in _________ language

Answer 4

programming

Question 5

The grammar rules include ________ and _________.

Answer 5

syntax, semantics

Question 6

a set of instructions in a specific sequence which must correctly describe the logic of a particular need

Answer 6

correct program

Question 7

computers can only understand _________ language

Answer 7

machine

Question 8

Programming languages are usable by humans but must be translated to ______ code

Answer 8

machine

Question 9

The 2 types of translators (translate programming language into machine code)

Answer 9

compilers (more common) and interpreters

Question 10

Both types of translators can identify errors in your program and are limited to identifying ________ errors

Answer 10

syntactical

Question 11

after is translated, the program can be _____, or __________

Answer 11

run, executed

Question 12

Computers receive ______, process that input, and _______ the results

Answer 12

input, output

Question 13

2 types of internal memory

Answer 13

memory, main(primary) memory

Question 14

is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer’s processor. Volatile- its contents are lost when the computer loses power

Answer 14

RAM (random access memory)

Question 15

Computer hardware that stores programs or data that cannot be added to, modified, or deleted. It does not require power to maintain its contents, and is often used to save instructions that enable the computer’s operating system to communicate with other hardware. Not volatile

Answer 15

ROM (read only memory)

Question 16

is all addressable data storage that is not currently in the computer’s main storage or memory. Synonyms are auxiliary storage and secondary storage. It is more permanent and can be retrieved after the computer loses power

Answer 16

External storage

Question 17

Examples of external storage

Answer 17

hard drives, USB drives, burn-abled CD/DVD

Question 18

What is memory measured in?

Answer 18

nanoseconds

Question 19

What is hard drive speed measured in?

Answer 19

milliseconds

Question 20

what is the purpose of writing programs?

Answer 20

to solve problems

Question 21

General problem solving steps

Answer 21

1. Understand the problem
2. Dissect the problem into manageable pieces
3. Design a solution
4. Consider alternatives to the solution and refine it 5.Implement the solution
5. Test the solution and fix any problems that exist

Question 22

Software problems fail because the _________ wasn’t understood

Answer 22

problem

Question 23

Avoid _________ assumptions

Answer 23

undocumented

Question 24

Problem solving is fundamental to _________ _________.

Answer 24

software development

Question 25

_______-_______ approach - dissect solutions into classes and pieces

Answer 25

object-oriented

Question 26

English papers 1. Thesis Statement (understanding the problem) 2. Source Cards (Analysis) 3. Outline 4. Rough Draft (testing) 5. Final Draft

Answer 26

english term paper - problem solving approach

Question 27

Steps to software development (5)

Answer 27

1. Understand the problem 2. Plan the logic 3. Code the program 4. Test the program 5. Deploy the program and maintain it

Question 28

One of the most difficult parts of software development. User's ideas of their needs may be vague. User may frequently change their mind mid-project. Good software developer plays many roles: detective, etc. First step to software development

Answer 28

Understand the Problem

Question 29

Designs a plan to solve the problem. Common tools used are flowcharts (graphical representation) and pseudocode (outline). Involve writing the steps in English. Second step in software development.

Answer 29

Plan the logic

Question 30

Why is planning important?

Answer 30

Even professional programmers do this. Without good planning it turns into spaghetti code (is a pejorative phrase for source code that has a complex and tangled control structure, especially one using many GOTO statements, exceptions, threads, or other "unstructured" branching constructs). Even building a dog house takes some engineering and design. Poor engineering leads to ad-hoc structures (ex. Winchester Mystery House). Poor engineering has disastrous consequences.

Question 31

After the requirements have been elicited, a solution must be implemented. Software developers use programming languages to implement the solution. The third step in software development

Answer 31

Code the Problem

Question 32

is a programming environment that has been packaged as an application program, typically consisting of a code editor, a compiler, a debugger, and a graphical user interface (GUI) builder

Answer 32

An integrated development environment (IDE)

Question 33

Once you have made the program, you must test it. Two types of errors can occur: Syntax errors (grammatical errors) and logical errors. Run-time errors are a special type of logic error that can cause the program to crash. This is the 4th step in software development.

Answer 33

Test the Program

Question 34

The three levels of testing

Answer 34

1. Unit testing (the creator testing the program) 2. Integration testing ( is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before acceptance testing) 3. Acceptance testing ( is a level of the software testing where a system is tested for acceptability. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the business requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery.)

Question 35

Deploying a program means delivering a software and all of its components to the client or user of the program (can be as simple as a single file or could take months) The fifth and final step in software development.

Answer 35

Deployment and Maintenance

Question 36

a previous software solution that fulfilled a business need. May be replaced when cost of maintenance is too high.

Answer 36

legacy system

Question 37

entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using new software. Can take months or years

Answer 37

conversion