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Problem Solving Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

Chaos

A

Used to describe something that appears to be random but is not actually random

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2
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Inductive reasoning is the process of arriving at a general conclusion based on observations of specific examples.

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3
Q

Conjectures

A

Conclusions arrived at through inductive reasoning; also called hypotheses or educated guesses

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4
Q

Counterexample

A

A case for which a conjecture does not hold

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5
Q

Digits

A

The ten symbols we use to write out numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)

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6
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Deductive reasoning is the process of proving a specific conclusion from one or more general statements.

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7
Q

Theorem

A

A conclusion that is proved to be true by deductive reasoning

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8
Q

Variable

A

A letter used to represent any number in a collection of numbers

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9
Q

Estimation

A

Estimation is the process of arriving at an approximate answer to a question

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10
Q

Natural numbers

A

The numbers that we use for

counting (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, …)

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11
Q

Whole numbers

A

The natural numbers but counting zero (0, 1, 2, 3, …)

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12
Q

Symbol for “is approximately equal to”

A

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13
Q

Circle graphs/pie charts

A

Show how a whole quantity is divided into parts

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14
Q

Sectors

A

Circle graphs/pie charts are divided into pieces, called sectors

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15
Q

Bar graphs

A

Graphs that are convenient for comparing some measurable attribute of various items; the bars’ heights or lengths are used to
show the amounts of different items

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16
Q

Line graphs

A

Line graphs are often used to illustrate trends over time; some measure of time frequently appears on the horizontal axis, and amounts on the vertical axis; points are drawn to represent the given information; the graph is formed by connecting the points with line segments

17
Q

Formula

A

A formula is a statement of equality that uses letters to express a relationship between two or more variables

18
Q

Mathematical modeling

A

The process of finding formulas to describe real-world phenomena

19
Q

Mathematical models

A

Formulas with a meaning assigned to each variable, representing real world phenomena

20
Q

Model breakdown

A

Occurs when a model becomes ineffective or wrong

Can happen when a model gives an estimate that is not a good approximation or is extended to include values that do not make sense; models that accurately describe data for the past 10 years may not serve as reliable predictions for what can reasonably be expected to occur in the future; can occur when formulas are extended too far in the future

21
Q

Polya’s four steps in problem solving

A
  1. Understand the problem
  2. Devise a plan
  3. Carry out the plan and solve the problem
  4. Look back and check the answer
22
Q

Unit price

A

The total price divided by the total units