Problems Faced By Stuarts Flashcards
(15 cards)
What happened after Elizabeth 1 died?
After Elizabeth 1 died in 1603, James V1 of Scotland came to be James 1 of England and Ireland.
Why was there a plot against James 1?
Mary of Scots (James’ mother) and his wife were both Catholics which made Catholics become hopeful they would have a Catholic king- he was protestant. Feb 1604 - James announced his utter detestation of Catholicism. Hundreds of recusants (extreme Catholics) - rounded up and fined.
Who was Robert Catesby?
Took part in Earl of Essex’s 1601 rebellion - pardoned. 1603 - tried to persuade king of Spain to invade England (unsuccessful). 1604 - returned, recruited Catholics to blow up house of lords when James opened parliament on 5th November.
What happened leading up to the gunpowder plot?
Plotters tried to dig tunnel from nearby house- failed. Thomas Percy - plotter, rented cellar underneath house of lords. Guy Fawkes bought 36 barrels of gunpowder. 26th Oct 1605, Lord Monteagle got an anonymous letter warning not to go to parliament. King saw, plotters realised they were discovered, carried on anyways.
What happened during the gunpowder plot?
4th Nov- Fawkes caught w gunpowder. 8th- other plotters chased to Holbeche house, Staffordshire - Catesby, Percy killed.
What were the consequences of the gunpowder plot?
Plotters executed. Last catholic plot in England. 1606 - Popish Recusants Act - increased fines for recusants, forced Catholics to take oath of allegiance, forbidden from important jobs. 1605 - Observation of 5th Nov act aka thanksgiving act, ordering prayers, church bells to commemorate. England became anti-catholic
What was the divine right of kings?
Means the king/queen was chosen by God and therefore could not be questioned
What were the problems between king and parliament between 1625-1629? (2)
Charles 1 marries a Catholic.
Parliament refuses to give him money so he collects it anyways and sends parliament home.
What was the money issue during the personal rule 1629-1640?
Charles introduced ‘ship money’ to improve navy and was only meant to be collected in wartime - Charles demanded in 1635 and 1636 with no war.
What was the religion issue during the personal rule in 1639-1640
1630s - Charles + archbishop Laud made changes to Church of England: decorated- upset people especially puritans (extreme protestants) his wife was Catholic - Charles wasn’t ever officially Catholic
What was the Scotland issue during the personal rule in 1629-1640?
1637- Charles tried to make Scots use English prayer book - sent army to force when refused. Army beaten, Scots demanded money. Charles didn’t have any - 1640- had to beg parliament for help.
What were the problems between 1640-1642 that led to war? (5)
Parliament demands more power.
Charles tries to arrest 5 MPs.
Parliament takes control of army.
Nineteen propositions by parliament - more power wanted.
Charles declares war - 22 August 1642
Who fought for Charles 1 during the civil war?
Royalists (Cavaliers) - better equipment, used to guns. Rich lords, country gentlemen and Northern England. Wales, Devon Cornwall and Somerset also.
Who fought for parliament during the civil war?
Parliamentarians (Roundheads - bowl-cut hairstyle) - didn’t have good army at start, Cromwell + Fairfax made and trained new model army - disciplined, well equipped. Merchants, businessmen and puritans tended to support parliament as well as Southern England (e.g. London)
Why did Parliament win the English civil war?
Leaders - good parliament leaders e.g. Cromwell, Earl of Essex, Charles’ leaders argued and split up (prince Rupert, Lord Digby)
Allies - Scottish covenant army fought for parliament and a cavalry force from East Anglia.
Soldiers - parliament’s new model army
Money- parliament’s soldiers paid
God - parliament believed he was on their side
