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Flashcards in Problems With Synapses Deck (12)
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1
Q

What is cause of Parkinson’s

A

Cause of Parkinson’s is:
Dopamine secreting cells in basal ganglia die, so less dopamine (neurotransmitter) is secreted into motor cortex which results in non-functioning synapses that control motor functions, this explains loss in muscular movements in patients.

2
Q

What are treatments for Parkinson’s

A
Treatments for Parkinson’s are:
L dopa 
Dopamine agonists
Selegiline
Deep brain stimulation
3
Q

Why can dopamine not be used to treat Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine can’t be used to treat Parkinson’s as it can’t cross blood brain barrier (selective permeability barrier that separates blood from brain extra cellular fluid)

4
Q

How does L-dopa work and what is dis adv

A

L-dopa works because it is a precursor to dopamine, and can cross blood brain barrier and is converted into dopamine. Increase dopamine levels, helps control symptoms
Dis adv is that effectiveness decreases overtime

5
Q

How do dopamine agonists work

A

Dopamine agonists work by :
Binding onto dopamine receptors on post-synaptic membrane, which triggers action potentials.
Dopamine agonists mimic role of dopamine without needing to be converted.

6
Q

How does monoamine oxidase inhibitors e.g selegiline work

A

Selegiline works by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (which normally breaks dopamine in synaptic cleft) so have more dopamine for longer

7
Q

How does DBS work

A

DBS works by implanting devices (neurostimulator) which send electrical impulse to specific targets in brain for treatment of movement disorders.

8
Q

What is cause of depression

A

Cause of depression is lack of serotonin (neurotransmitter)

9
Q

What are causes of depression

And what are symptoms

A

Causes of Depression are multifactorial: insomnia, trauma, stress.
Symptoms are: Loss of concentration, loss of confidence, tiring easily

10
Q

What are treatments for depression

A

Treatments for depression are:
Psychotherapy
Range of drugs SSRI (selective serotonin reputable inhibitors)

11
Q

How do SSRI work

A

SSRI work by binding to reuptake proteins (types of channel proteins) so serotonin levels remain high in synapse. Serotonin binds to receptor proteins in post-synaptic membrane, causing depolarisation of post synaptic membrane and action potentials continue.

12
Q

How does ecstasy affect synapses

A

Ecstasy affects synapses by increasing concentration of serotonin in synaptic cleft by stopping serotonin going back into presynaptic neurone.