Procedures Lower Limb review for final exam Flashcards
1
Q
How many metatarsals are on one foot?
A
5
2
Q
How many tarsals on one foot?
A
7
3
Q
Total number of bones on one foot?
A
26
4
Q
How many phalanges on one foot?
A
14
5
Q
It is palpable and common site of foot trauma
A
Tuberosity on the Base of 5th metatarsal
6
Q
The longest and strongest tarsal bone
A
Calcaneus
7
Q
Joint found between the talus and calcaneus
A
Talocalcaneal joint or subtalar joint
8
Q
Small opening found in the middle of the talocalcaneal joint where nerves and blood vessels pass through
A
Sinus tarsi
9
Q
Tarsal bone that forms an aspect of the ankle joint
A
Talus
10
Q
Smaller cuneiform
A
Intermediate cuneiform
11
Q
Largest cuneiform
A
Medial cuneiform
12
Q
Articulates with second, third, and fourth metatarsal
A
Lateral cuneiform
13
Q
The most superior tarsal bone
A
Talus
14
Q
Which cuneiform Articulates with first metatarsal?
A
Medial cuneiform
15
Q
Common site for bone spur
A
Calcaneus
16
Q
Second largest tarsal bone
A
Talus
17
Q
The Calcaneus articulates with what two tarsals?
A
Talus and cuboid
18
Q
What are the two arches of the foot?
A
Longitudinal and transverse
19
Q
Which three bones make up the ankle joint
A
Talus Fibula Tibia
20
Q
The distal tibial joint surface forming the roof of the distal ankle joint is called
A
Tibial plafond
21
Q
The ankle joint is classified as a synovial joint with what type of movement
A
Sellar
22
Q
Weight bearing bone of the leg
A
Tibia
23
Q
Small, triangular depression located on the tibia that forms distal tibiofibular joint
A
Fibular notch
24
Q
The articular facet of proximal tibia is also referred to as
A
Tibial plateau
25
The articular facets slope how many degrees posteriorly
10-15 degrees
26
Name the 3 articular facets
Posterior, middle, anterior
27
The medial proximal aspect of the calcaneus has a large, prominent bony process called...
Sustentaculum tali
28
The most proximal aspect of fibula or the head of the fibula articulates with\_\_\_\_\_\_
Lateral condyle. ( inferior part )
29
The extreme distal end of fibula
Lateral malleolus
30
The extreme distal end of tibia
Medial malleolus
31
Name of the largest sesamoid bone
Patella
32
What are two other names for the patellar surface of the femur
Torchlear groove or intercondylar sulcus
33
The name of the depression located between the condyles of the posterior aspect of distal femur
Intercondylar fossa or notch
34
Why is the CR angled 5-7 degrees cephalad for lateral knees
Because the medial condyle extends lower than the lateral condyle of the femur. The angle superimposes the condyles
35
The slightly raised area located on the posterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle is called
Adductor tubercle
36
What are the two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur
Medial and lateral epicondyles
37
The general region of the posterior knee is called
Popliteal region
38
For which large muscle does the patella serve as a pivot to increase leverage
Quadriceps femoris muscle
39
The circular fibrocartilage discs or pads that lie on the tibial plateau's are called the\_\_\_\_\_\_
Menisci
40
When the ASIS to tabletop measurement is greater than 24 cm, the central ray angulation for an AP knee is----
5 degrees cephalad
41
Which anatomical part must be identified on a lateral radiograph of the knee in order to identify over or under rotation?
Adductor tubercle
42
Why is it a disadvantage to over flex the knee for a lateral projection?
The patella is drawn into the intercondylar sulcus
43
What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection?
Parallel to the IR
44
The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the:
Condyles
45
In order to place the patella parallel with the plane of the IR for APA projection the heel must be rotated\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_degrees \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5 to 10, Laterally
46
An inflammatory condition involving the anterior, proximal tibia usually occurs in boys 10-15 years old.
Osgood-schlatter disease
47
Also known as osteitis deformans; non-neoplastic bone disease that disrupts new bone growth resulting in over production of very dense yet soft bone
Paget's disease
48
Malignant tumor of the cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
49
Inherited type of arthritis that commonly affect males; Uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood. Common initial attacks occur in first MTP joint
Gout
50
Benign, neoplastic bone lesion caused by overproduction of bone at a joint
Exostosis
51
Benign bone lesion usually developing in teens or young adults
Osteoid osteoma
52
Most prevalent primary bone malignancy in pediatric patients
Ewing's sarcoma
53
Benign, neoplastic bone lesion filled with clear fluid
Bone cyst
54
Injury to large ligament located between the bases of the first and second metatarsal
Lisfranc joint injury
55
Condition affecting the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men, especially the posterosuperior margin of the calcaneus
Reiter's syndrome
56
The formal name for runners knee
Chondromalacia patellae
57
What is another term for osteomalacia
Rickets
58
Asymmetric erosion of joint spaces with calcaneal erosion
Reiter's syndrome
59
Uric acid deposits in joint spaces
Gout
60
Well circumscribed lucency
Bone cyst
61
Small, round/oval density with Lucent center
Osteoid osteoma
62
Narrowed, irregular joint surfaces with sclerotic articular surfaces
Osteoarthritis
63
Fragmentation or detachment of the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter disease
64
ill-defined area of bone destruction with surrounding "onion peel"
Ewing's sarcoma
65
Decreased bone density and bowing deformities of weight bearing limbs
Osteomalacia
66
Why is the CR angled 10-15 degrees toward calcaneus for AP projection of toes
Opens IP joints and MTP joints
67
CR centered for projection of foot
Base of 3rd metatarsal
68
Which projection is best for sesamoid bones of the foot
Tangential projection
69
Rotation can be determined on an AP foot by near equal distance between __________ metatarsals
2-5th
70
Why should CR be perpendicular to the metatarsals for AP of foot
Opens up MTP joints and certain intertarsal joints
71
Which oblique projection of the foot best shows majority of tarsal bones
AP oblique with medial rotation
72
Which projection will place the foot into a true lateral position
Lateromedial
73
Which type of study is best for longitudinal arches of the foot
AP and lateral weight bearing
74
How should the CR be angled for axial projection of calcaneus
40 degrees cephalad
75
Which calcaneal structure should appear medically on a well positioned plantodorsal axial projection
Sustentaculum tali
76
Where is CR placed for mediolateral projection of calcaneus
1 inch inferior to medial malleolus
77
How much should the foot and ankle be rotated for an AP mortise
15-20 degrees medial rotation
78
Which projection of the ankle best demonstrates a possible fracture of lateral malleolus
AP oblique with medial rotation of 45 degrees
79
Which projection of the ankle require forced inversion and eversion movements
AP stress
80
A common place for bone spurs?
The tuberosity of the calcaneus
81
Where can you find the sustentaculum tali?
On the medial side of the calcaneus under the middle articular surface or facet.
82
Which articular facet is provides medial support for weight bearing?
Middle articular facet
83
The three articular facets are named \_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_,and they make up the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_joint
Posterior, anterior, middle,. Subtalar.
84
Which of the three articular facets of the subtalar joint is the largest?
The posterior
85
A deep depression between the posterior and middle articular facets
Calcaneal sulcus
86
Which of the tarsal bones takes the weight of the body?
The talus which is the second largest tarsal bone
87
Which 4 bones articulate with the talus?
Tibia and fibula superiorly, calcaneus inferiorly, navicular anteriorly
88
Which 4 bones articulate with the navicular?
The three Cuneiforms anteriorly and the talus posteriorly.
89
Which Cuneiform is the smallest?
Intermediate
90
Which 4 bones articulate with the cuboid?
The calcaneus proximally, Cuneiform medially, and the fourth and fifth metatarsal's distally. (sometimes the navicular)
91
The inferior parts of the Tibia and fibula form a deep socket or a three sided opening called\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Mortise
92
If you were to look at a picture of the ankle joint internally rotated 15° you would see that the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fits into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Top of the talus , mortise
93
In what position are the lateral and medial malleoli in a true lateral?
In a true lateral ankle the lateral malleolus is 1 cm or 1/2 an inch posterior to the medial malleolus
94
How many degrees must the leg and ankle be rotated to bring the malleoli parallel to the IR?
15-20 degrees
95
Why are AP stress views done of the ankle joint?
To evaluate the stability of the mortise joint space.
96
Which bone does the patellar ligament attach to?
Tibia
97
What 2 joints are part of the knee?
Femorotibial and patellofemoral
98
The proximal fibula articulates with the femur in one way.....via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibular lateral collateral ligament. Because of this proximal fibula not part of the actual knee joint
99
What are the 4 major knee ligaments?
MCL, PCL, ACL, LCL
100
The two collateral ligaments are \_\_\_\_\_\_and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and they prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_at the knee
LCL and MCL. Adduction and abduction
101
2 cruciate ligaments are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and they prevent \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
PCL and ACL Anterior or posterior movement
102
What ligament sits in front of the infra patellar fat pad and protects the anterior knee joint?
The patellar ligament
103
Which projections are performed for toes?
AP. Oblique. Lateral. And sesamoids tangential which is a special
104
What projections are done for the foot?
AP. Oblique and lateral AP/lat wt bearing for special
105
What projections are done for calcaneus?
Plantodarsal (axial). And lateral
106
What projections are done for the ankle?
AP. AP mortise. Lateral. And 45 degree oblique AP stress for special
107
What projections are done for tib/fib?
AP. Lateral
108
What projections are done for the knee?
AP, oblique, lateral. Special: AP or pa wt bearing Pa axial wt bearing (Rosenberg)
109
Which projections are done to see the intercondylar fossa of the knee?
AP axial Beclere method PA axial- camp Coventry and homblad
110
Which projections are done to see the patella and femoropatellar joint?
PA Tangential ( merchant) Lateral Tangential- inferosuperior proj- hughston, settegast, Hobbs
111
what term describes the top or anterior surface of the foot?
dorsum
112
where would the interphalangeal joint be found in the foot?
between the phalanges of the first digit
113
what structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali
calcaneus
114
where is the adductor tubercle located?
on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle
115
how much CR angle should be used for in AP axial projection of the toes? ( if any)
10 to 15° toward calcaneus
116
if the fibular head appears less superimposed by the tibia than a true lateral in a lateral knee radiograph it is said to be......\_\_\_\_\_\_
over rotated toward the IR
117
to properly see the joint spaces with the AP projection of the foot the CR must be:
perpendicular to the metatarsals
118
which joint surfaces of the ankle joint are open with a true AP projection of the ankle?
medial and superior
119
how much angle is used with a mortise ?
15 to 20°
120
what is the major disadvantage of using a 45° flexion for the lateral projection of the knee?
draws the patella into the Intercondylar sulcus
121
how much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella?
5 to 10° or less
122
how much flexion of the knee is required for settegast method?
90 degrees
123
in an AP ankle projection what joint spaces should be open?
superior and medial joint spaces
124
The posterior visibility of the adductor tubercle on a lateral knee projection indicates:
under rotation of the knee toward the IR
125
how much flexion of the knee is required for settegast method?
90 degrees
126
in an AP ankle projection what joint spaces should be open?
superior and medial joint spaces
127
The posterior visibility of the adductor tubercle on a lateral knee projection indicates:
under rotation of the knee toward the IR
128
which projection of the Intercondylar fossa would provide the best results without injuring a patient who is unsteady.
Camp Coventry method
129
which projections best demonstrates signs of Osgood schlatter disease?
AP and lateral knee
130
what projection of the patella requires the patient to be placed in a prone position a 45° flexion of the knee and a 15 to 20° angle of the CR
Hughston method
131
which position would clearly demonstrate the cuboid
AP oblique in medial rotation
132
what is the position of the femoral condyle's when the leg is properly positioned for AP projection?
they are parallel to the Ir
133
The central ray angle for a lateral knee is...
5 to 7° cephalad
134
what projection best shows narrowing of a joint space?
AP of both knees with weight-bearing
135
what are the two flat like superior surfaces of the tibia
Tibial plateaus 10 degree
136
and evulsion fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal Is also called a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fx
jones
137
what projections best demonstrate Lisfranc joint injuries?
Weight bearing foot series
138
what is another name for osteomalacia?
Rickets
139
what is the radiographic hallmark of Reiters syndrome seen in young men?
erosion of the Achilles tendon insertion
140
what is another term for Osteochondroma?
exostosis
141
True or false: a correctly positioned lateral ankle will show the lateral malleolus superimposed over the posterior half to posterior third of the tibia
true
142
List the joints of the feet
DIP PIP MTP TMT IP
