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Process Safety Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?

A

HAZOP

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2
Q

How toxicants enters into organism?

A

Ingestion Injection Inhalation

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3
Q

Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called….

A

Threshold Limit Value

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4
Q

Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of……

A

Industrial Hygiene

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5
Q

Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.

A

Exothermic oxidation

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6
Q

An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as

A

Confined Explosion

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6
Q

………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases

A

Explosion

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7
Q

…………..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.

A

Fire point

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8
Q

Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..

A

Ambient Heat, Valve Failures

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9
Q

For material handling which is wrong
statement………

A

Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available.

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10
Q

Which of the following is not Guide
word of HAZOP

A

NAND

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10
Q

for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound

A

Deflagration

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10
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working envrionment?

A

OSHA

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11
Q

The MIE depends on the

A

specific chemical or
mixture

the concentration

pressure and
temperature

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11
Q

PHA stands fo

A

Process Hazard Analaysis

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11
Q

Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..

A

Safety
Review/Audit/Inspecti
on
HAZAN HAZOP

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12
Q

Hazard is defined as the probability of

A

suffering harm or loss

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12
Q

HAZAN study includes

A

Estimate how often an
incident will occur.

Steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or
reduce risk to an
acceptable level.

It is centered around the
hazard analysis and
functional based safety
process

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12
Q

OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with _________

A

PPE

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12
Q

Process of adding inert gas to
combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen
below limiting
oxygen concentration (LOC)

A

inerting

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13
Q

Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………

A

Under atmospheric
pressur

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13
Q

An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas

A

Mechanical Explosion

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14
Q

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.

A

Toxicological

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14
Q

The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.

A

Hazard identification

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14
Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass through orifices
15
________ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
16
The essential elements for ……………... are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
Fire Triangle
16
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference
16
What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity?
Hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
17
ED Stands for
Effective Dose
18
OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour
US
18
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to ……
Prevent the release of HW
19
During the ……………...phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
20
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
20
Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
21
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________
Chronic Toxicity
22
Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
23
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________
Nervous system
23
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
24
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a
Safe Workplace
25
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
25
How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
26
An incident can be called hazardous only when
Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems
27
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
28
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis.
Body-weight
28
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain _____
Threshold
28
Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
29
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
30
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg.
2500
31
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
31
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating Pressure
32
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site
32
Pressure relief systems are required for which of the following reasons
to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets,
32
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
32
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short term exposure
33
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
34
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
34
For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
34
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
35
Elements of safe chemical storage program consist of
Inventory of Chemicals Labeling of Chemicals Segregating Incompatibles
35
The toxicological end point for dose response relationship should be _________
Definitive
35
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
35
What is the main goal of risk management
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population
36
The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be
Dr. Ramazzini
36
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for _____
A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population
36
The last step of accident process
Termination
36
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure.
Blowdown
37
What is the most common approach used to asses skin exposure to a contaminant
using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin
38
The ACGIH TLVs
are science based
38
If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit
1000 ppm
38
Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trade
dr. Alice Hamilton
38
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
38
The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refer to certain health effects that must be avoided. these do not include
carcinogenicity
39
Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation
International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
40
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for
ionizing radiation
41
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace
fibers
42
the two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are
inflammation and corrosion
42
For any given chemical, a high LD 50 value generally means
low toxicity
42
Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison
Paracelsus
42
Chemicals cause two main
local effects and poisoning
43
If the dose response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the x axis (dose) at the lowest dose is
the most poisonous
43
Which is not a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney
vinyl chloride
43
a dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
s shaped or sigmoidal curve
43
the most common type of LD 50 test involves
an oral dose
44
Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry into the workers body by workplace chemicals is incorrect
ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body
44
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is
lead salts
44
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures
radiological
45
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA
Fall protection
46
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
falls
47
Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested:
Before first use and then every 6 months
48
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
reactivity
49
A container holding a hazardous material must include which of the following as of June 15, 2014:
none of the above
49
The reliability analysis in process industry is done by which of the following?
Fault tree analysis
50
If you transfer chemicals from a labeled container to a portable container, you don’t need to comply with standard hazardous material labeling requirements when:
None of the above
51
In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed
1911
51
this American federal act was the first know legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air
Walsh-healey Public Contract Act
51
In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees
1908

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