Processes/Industrial and Commercial practices

Question 1

What is one-off production?

Answer 1

What is one-off production?

Question 2

What is batch production?

Answer 2

Produces limited quantities of identical items (e.g., seasonal clothing lines).

Question 3

What is mass production?

Answer 3

High-volume production of standardised products (e.g., cars).

Question 4

What is continuous production?

Answer 4

24/7 production for high-demand products (e.g., paper manufacturing).

Question 5

What is lean manufacturing?

Answer 5

A system that focuses on reducing waste and increasing efficiency.

Question 6

What is Just-In-Time (JIT)?

Answer 6

Inventory arrives only when needed to reduce storage costs.

Question 7

What are the 7 stages of production?

Answer 7

Design & Development → Prototype Testing → Pre-production → Production → Assembly → Quality Control → Distribution.

Question 7

What is a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)?

Answer 7

Adaptable machinery that can make different products quickly.

Question 8

What is injection moulding?

Answer 8

Injecting molten plastic into a mould (e.g., LEGO bricks).

Question 9

What is vacuum forming?

Answer 9

Heated plastic shaped over a mould with vacuum (e.g., packaging).

Question 10

What is blow moulding?

Answer 10

Air inflates heated plastic into hollow shapes (e.g., bottles).

Question 11

What is compression moulding?

Answer 11

Material is compressed in a heated mould (e.g., electrical fittings).

Question 12

What is die casting?

Answer 12

Forcing molten metal into moulds under pressure (e.g., metal toys).

Question 13

What is turning?

Answer 13

Material spins while a tool shapes it (e.g., table legs).

Question 14

What is milling?

Answer 14

Rotating tools remove material from a fixed object (e.g., gear cutting).

Question 15

What is drilling?

Answer 15

Creating round holes (e.g., furniture assembly).

Question 16

What is sawing?

Answer 16

Cutting material into desired lengths (e.g., timber processing).

Question 17

What is welding?

Answer 17

Fusing materials with heat (e.g., pipelines).

Question 18

What is brazing?

Answer 18

Joining metals with a filler metal (e.g., HVAC systems).

Question 19

What is soldering?

Answer 19

Joining small components using a metal filler (e.g., electronics).

Question 20

What are mechanical fasteners?

Answer 20

Screws, bolts, and rivets used to join materials.

Question 21

What is anodising?

Answer 21

Electrochemical coating to resist corrosion (e.g., aluminium parts).

Question 22

What is plating?

Answer 22

Coating one metal with another (e.g., jewellery).

Question 23

What is polishing?

Answer 23

Smoothing surfaces for shine (e.g., lenses)

Question 24

What is painting?

Answer 24

Aesthetic and protective coating (e.g., vehicles).

Question 25

What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?

Answer 25

Organisation-wide commitment to long-term quality and customer satisfaction.

Question 26

What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)?

Answer 26

software that integrates core business processes.

Question 27

What is Six Sigma?

Answer 27

A data-based method to reduce defects and improve quality.

Question 28

What is Concurrent Engineering?

Answer 28

Product and process development happen simultaneously.

Question 28

What are 3 key safe working practices?

Answer 28

Risk assessments, PPE, and safety training.

Question 29

What is Design for Manufacture (DFM)?

Answer 29

Designing to make production easier.

Question 30

What is Design for Assembly (DFA)?

Answer 30

Designing to simplify assembly.

Question 31

What is CAD?

Answer 31

computer-Aided Design – precise digital drawing software.

Question 32

What is CNC machining?

Answer 32

Computer-controlled cutting and shaping machines.

Question 32

What is CAM?

Answer 32

Computer-Aided Manufacturing – CAD-guided automated production.

Question 33

What is 3D printing?

Answer 33

Additive manufacturing that builds objects layer by layer.

Question 34

What are tolerances?

Answer 34

Acceptable dimensional variation limits.

Question 35

What is inspection?

Answer 35

Checking products for defects.

Question 36

What is testing?

Answer 36

Evaluating performance or safety.

Question 37

What is standards compliance?

Answer 37

Meeting safety and industry regulations (e.g., CE, ISO).

Question 38

How can manufacturing be made sustainable?

Answer 38

Use recyclable/eco materials Improve energy efficiency Minimise waste (e.g., lean manufacturing) Conduct Life Cycle Assessments (LCA)

Question 39

How should you answer questions about manufacturing in exams?

Answer 39

Use technical terms Link processes to real-world examples Mention sustainability Analyse pros/cons of methods