processes part 2

Question 1

Judgment goals

Answer 1

seeking to judge or validate an attribute about oneself

Question 2

development goals

Answer 2

desire to improve oneself

Lead to different outcomes: academic example and response to failure

Question 3

judgement goals and developmental goals

Answer 3

The balance of the goals differs across people.
Can change over time and across situations
Lead to different outcomes: mastery orientation (from developmental goals; trying harder after failing) and helplessness (from judgment goals; giving up after failing)v

Question 4

What are young goals?

Answer 4

preparation for the future

Question 5

Old (70+) goals?

Answer 5

emotional well-being

Question 6

What can traits produce?

Answer 6

Traits can produce characteristic adaptations, or generalized scripts

Question 7

What can The same strategy can result in?

Answer 7

The same strategy can result in different behavior patterns

Question 8

What can Different traits lead to?

Answer 8

Different traits can lead to the same strategies (wanting to get ahead and get along may both lead to making lots of friends (but for different purposes)

Question 9

Defensive pessimism

Answer 9

(assume the worst will happen, and use this to motivate goal-seeking behavior) vs. optimism (assuming that the best will happen)

Question 10

Facts about Defensive pessimism

Answer 10

Coping, performance, and success are similar to optimists
Find relief when the worst outcome doesn’t happen
Some consistency across situations
Advantages and disadvantages to both strategies (but optimists are generally happier)

Question 11

Basic stages of emotion (experience)

Answer 11

appraisal (judging a stimulus as emotionally relevant), physical responses, facial expressions, nonverbal behavior, motives (to perform a behavior based on the emotion)
-Complex mixture of thought, physical sensations and motivations

Question 12

What is the order of the stages?

Answer 12

Stages can happen at the same time or in a different order (physical responses may come before appraisal; our body responds before we know why

Question 13

Possible sources of stages?

Answer 13

immediate stimuli, classical conditioning, memories, and thoughts

Question 14

Core emotions

Answer 14

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust; have basically the same meaning and means of expression across cultures

Some emotions may be universal because they were evolutionarily advantageous
It may be advantageous to be able to perceive these emotions accurately in others
Circumplex figure

Question 15

What are core aspects of personality?

Answer 15

Individual Differences in Emotional Life

Question 16

Three components of happiness

Answer 16

Overall satisfaction with life
Satisfaction with particular life domains
Generally high levels of positive emotion and low levels of negative emotion
*The conception of happiness can vary with age

Question 17

Individual set point

*Source 1 of happiness

Answer 17

makes happiness moderately stable over time; genetically influenced and based partly on extraversion and neuroticism

Question 18

Objective life circumstances

*Source 2 of happiness

Answer 18

income, education, marital status

Question 19

What the individual does (intentional activity)

*Source 3 of happiness

Answer 19

: being optimistic, making time for things that matter, working on important life goals, protecting health, working hard at one’s career, building successful relationships

Question 20

Happiness may also be a cause of important outcomes b/c

Answer 20

health, occupational success, supportive relationships, confidence, likeability, sociability, energy level, improved immune function, pain tolerance, and overall physical health.

Question 21

Happiness is related to effective functioning in broad areas:

Answer 21

decision making, professional accomplishment, social support, less drug use

Question 22

What is a person who is sensitive to rejection likely to think?

Answer 22

People who are sensitive to rejection are more likely to think that a partner is rejecting them.

Question 23

Conscious thought…

Answer 23

can happen at the same time as unconscious thought.

Question 24

People are motivated,,,

Answer 24

to achieve their goals