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N5 biology full > producing new cells > Flashcards

producing new cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is cell division

A

the increase of the number of cells in an organism

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2
Q

what is mitosis

A

the division of the nucleus

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3
Q

why is mitosis important

A

it produces new cells for growth and repair
they way in which single-celled organisms reproduce

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4
Q

what is stage 1 of mitosis

A

chromosomes become visible in the nucleus

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5
Q

what is stage 2 of mitosis

A

the chromosomes shorten and thicken and replicate to become chromatids

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6
Q

what is stage 3 of mitosis

A

the membrane around the nucleus disappears and the chromatids line up at the equator of the cell, spindle fibers now attach to them

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7
Q

what is stage 4 of mitosis

A

the chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers, separated into chromosomes
the newly separated chromosomes then move to opposite ends of the cell

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8
Q

what is stage 5 of mitosis

A

the nuclear membrane forms round the chromosomes
the cytoplasm then divides

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9
Q

what is stage 6 of mitosis

A

two identical daughter cells are formed

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10
Q

what is a multicellular organism

A

an organism made from more than one cell

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11
Q

what is the hierarchy for the process of specialisation of cells

A

cell-> tissue-> organ-> system

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12
Q

what is a cell

A

the smallest unit of life

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13
Q

what is a tissue

A

group of specialized cells to perform a particular function

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14
Q

what is an organ

A

several tissues coordinated to perform one or more functions

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15
Q

what is a system

A

group of related tissues and organs

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16
Q

why would cells look different or have different structures

A

the type of cell
the function of the cell

17
Q

why may cells differ in size with each other

A

size
shape
number and types of structures inside
biochemistry

18
Q

describe a red blood cell

A

biconcave in shape
no nucleus to increase space for haemoglobin

19
Q

describe a sperm cell

A

has a tail to swim to meet and fuse with an egg cell during fertilisation
lots of mitochondria to provide energy for swimming action

20
Q

what are stem cells

A

unspecialised cells which can divide to self renew, they have potential to become different types of cells

21
Q

what are the two main types of stem cells

A

embryonic stem cells
adult stem cells

22
Q

what is an embryonic stem cell

A

stem cells that have the potential to divide and develop into any type of specialised body cell

23
Q

what is an tissue stem cell

A

stem cells that divide to replenish all types of differentiated cells in a specific tissue.

24
Q

what is chromosome complement

A

the number of complete chromosome set in a cell

25
Q

what is a chromotid

A

one of two identical halves of a chromosome that have been replicated during mitosis

N5 biology full (8 decks)

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