Productivity In Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 uses of the sugars made in plants.

A

Respiration
Biomass production

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2
Q

Give the units for biomass

A

grams per cm2 per year

Mass per area per year

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3
Q

Name the technique used to estimate biomass.

A

Calorimetry

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4
Q

Give a definition of gross primary productivity (GPP).

A

Chemical energy stored in plant biomass in a given area/volume in a given time.

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5
Q

How is net primary productivity calculated?

A

Gross primary productivity - respiratory losses.

NPP = GPP - R

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6
Q

Which term NNP or GPP represents the amount of energy available to the other tropic levels?

A

NPP

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7
Q

How is net productivity of consumers (N) calculated?

A

N = I - (F + R)
I = injested, F= faeces R= respiration

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8
Q

Give 3 ways in which farmers can increase productive in crops.

A

Fertilisers
Reduce competition (eg remove weeds)
Reduce damage by pests (eg use pesticides/ biological control)

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9
Q

Give 3 ways in which farmers can reduce respiratory losses in animals.

A

Reduce space / movement / muscle contraction

Keep animals warm (less food used to maintain body temperature).

Quality / easily accessible nutrients

Maintain health

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10
Q

Wheat –> human
Wheat –> chicken –> human

Which food chain is more efficient at transferring energy to humans?

A

Wheat –> human

Remember energy is lost from food chain at each tropic level.

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11
Q

Give 3 biologically important molecules that contain phosphate.

A

Proteins / amino acids

RNA / DNA

ATP

Phospholipids.

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12
Q

Give 3 biologically important molecules that contain nitrogen.

A

Amino acids / proteins

DNA / RNA

ATP

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13
Q

Saprobiotic nutrition - what is it?

A

Extra cellular digestion by fungi / bacteria causing decomposition

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14
Q

What happens during ammonification?

A

Organic molecules –> ammonia

Eg protein in dead plant/animal converted to ammonia

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15
Q

What happens during nitrification?

A

Ammonia oxidised to nitrites.

Nitrites oxidised to nitrates

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16
Q

What happens during nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen is oxidised to nitrate

17
Q

What happens during denitrification?

A

Nitrate converted to nitrogen.

18
Q

What are mycorrhizae?

A

A mutualistic relationship between fungi and plant roots.

19
Q

What is the advantage of mycorrhizae?

A

Increases uptake of water / inorganic ions by plant roots.

Increases surface area in contact with soil.

20
Q

Why are fertilisers added to soil?

A

Increases inorganic ions in soil.

Inorganic ions not a factor limiting plant growth.

Prevents deficiency symptoms in plants.

21
Q

Arable farming reduces the amount of inorganic ions in the soil. Why?

A

Crop/plants removed at harvest.

No decomposition.

22
Q

What happens if fertilisers are added to the soil?

A

Leaching - fertiliser enter water system.

Algal bloom.

Plants die.

Bacterial populations increases.

Bacterial respiration reduces amount of oxygen in water.

Suffocation of aquatic animals.

23
Q

What is this process called?
Leaching - fertiliser enter water system.
Algal bloom.
Plants die.
Bacterial populations increases.
Bacterial respiration reduces amount of oxygen in water.
Suffocation of aquatic animals.

A

Eutrophication