Products From Oil

Question 1

Which two ways can cracking be done?

Answer 1

By heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a very high temperature

By passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst

Question 2

What does cracking produce?

Answer 2

Small alkanes and alkenes

Question 3

What is the general formula of alkenes?

Answer 3

CnH2n

Question 4

What are alkenes?

Answer 4

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with fewer numbers of atoms than alkanes but the same number of carbon atoms and carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 5

What colour do alkenes turn bromine water?

Answer 5

Turn it from orange to colourless

Question 6

What does the double bond do to an alkene?

Answer 6

Makes it more reactive than alkanes

Question 7

Give three ways in which alkenes are different to alkanes

Answer 7

Unsaturated 
Double bonds
Different general formula
Fewer hydrogen atoms
More reactive 
De colourise bromine water

Question 8

What is cracking?

Answer 8

The reaction used to break down large molecules into smaller , useful ones. This occurs when hydrocarbon vapour is either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature

Question 9

What are plastics made from?

Answer 9

Very large molecules called polymers

Question 10

What are polymers made from?

Answer 10

Small molecules called monomers joined together

Question 11

What is the reaction to make polymers called?

Answer 11

Polymerisation o

Question 12

How do alkenes become polymers?

Answer 12

The monomers double bonds open up and become single and joins with other monomer molecules to for a polymer

Question 13

Why can we make polymers from alkenes but not alkanes?

Answer 13

Alkenes are more reactive or are unsaturated or have a double bond, alkanes are unreactive or saturated and do not have a double bond

Question 14

What are light sensitive polymers?

Answer 14

Used in sticking plasters to cover sounds so the plasters can be easily removed

Question 15

What are hydrogels?

Answer 15

Polymers that can trap water and have many uses including dressings for wounds

Question 16

What are shape memory polymers?

Answer 16

They change back to their original shape when temperature or other conditions are changed

Question 17

What is another example of a smart polymer?

Answer 17

A material used for stitching be wounds that changes that changes shape when heated to body temperature

Question 18

How can fibres for fabrics use polymers?

Answer 18

They can be coated with polymers to make the, waterproof and breathable

Question 19

How can plastic drink bottles be reused?

Answer 19

The can be recycled to make polyester fibres for clothing as well as filling pillows and duvets

Question 20

What are non-biodegradable plastics?

Answer 20

Plastic waste that cannot be Brocken down when left in the environment unless disposed of properly, plastic rubbing gets everywhere it is unslighty and can harm wildlife. It also takes up valuable space in a landfill

Question 21

What breaks down biodegradable plastics?

Answer 21

Micro organisms

Question 22

How would using biodegradable plastics help with the problems of plastic litter?

Answer 22

The litter would be decomposed by microorganisms when in contact with soil and so it would not remain in the environment

Question 23

What can be added to non-biodegradable to help with the breaking down process?

Answer 23

Cornstarch so the plastic breaks down into small Pieces that can be mixed with soil or compost

Question 24

How can you make biodegradable plastics?

Answer 24

From plant material. Eg polymer made from cornstarch that is used as biodegradable food packaging