Programming Flashcards by Nikita Saini

What is a data type?

Specification is what type of value a variable has.

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What are the five data types?

Integer
Real/float
Character
String
Boolean

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What is an integer?

A numerical data type for whole numbers
2/4 bytes

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What is a real/float ?

A numerical data type for decimal numbers
4/8 bytes

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What is a character?

A single alphanumerical symbol
1 byte

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What is a string?

A data type for one or more alphanumerical characters.
* can be a number or string
1 byte for each character

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What is a Boolean?

A data type that can only take one of two values - TRUE or FALSE
1 bit-1 byte

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What is the difference between constants and variables?

Variables can be changed throughout out the program.

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What is iteration?

Loops controlled by conditions

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What are types of indefinite iteration?

Only rely on a condition(can be infinite):
Repeat until- condition at end, run at least once
While- condition at the start of loop
Do while

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What is selection?

Causes the program to make a choice and flow in a given direction

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What is a variable?

A named piece of memory that holds a value , can change as the program is running

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What is a constant?

A named piece of memory where the value cannot be changed while a program runs

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What is a type of selection?

An if else statement

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What is definite iteration?

A loop that repeats a set number of times - usually a for loop

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What is a nested statement ?

An iteration or selection made up of multiple statements inside each other

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What is the need for meaningful identifiers?

Suitable names for variables, makes it easier for the next person to work on the code to understand

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How do you find the length of a string?

LEN(string)
*starts from 1
🐍len(string)

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How do you find the position of a string?

POSITION(string,character)
*includes the 0
🐍 string.index(‘x’)

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How do you take a certain part of the string?

SUBSTRING(x ,y ,string)
*includes the 0
*does include last number
🐍string[x : y]
*does not include last number

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How do you concatenate strings?

+
Does not include spaces
Normally done with variables
🐍everything has to be a string

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How do you change one data type to another?

STRING_TO_INT (“your mom”)
STRING_TO_REAL (“your mom “)
INT_TO_STRING (69)
REAL_TO_STRING (9.58)
🐍
str()
int()
float()

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How do you get the quotient (whole number)?

DIV
🐍//

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How do you get the remainder?

MOD
🐍%

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What is not equal to

What is equal to , comparatively?

What are subroutines?

A set of code within a program , that can be called any time from the man program

What are the advantages of subroutines?

✅can be tested individually, making it easier to debug ✅can be used throughout the program repeatedly, however code only has to be written once = shorter programs ✅can be saved separately as modules , and reused in other programs = saving time

How are subroutines done in Python and pseudocode ?

What are global and local variables?

Global = can be used throughout the program , at any time Local = can only be used within the structure they are declared in *less memory

What are parameters ?

A special variable , that passes data into the subroutine *local scope

1-D |rrays in python and pseudocode

Used to store multiple data values. A a variable with a single identifier *index begins at zero for both python and pseudocode

How do you calculate the length of an array in pseudo code and python ?

2D arrays

How do you calculate length in arrays?

How do you access all values within a 2D array?

How do you write a for loop in python and pseudocode ?

What are records?

Basically an array , that can store items with different data types Each record is an individual list in the list of lists 9rows’0 Columns are known as fields, each field is declared with a variable

How do you make a record in python (dictionary) and pseudocode?

What is a data structure ?

A format, for storing multiple data values under one variable name

What is validation?

Checking that data meets certain criterias before passing the program. It reduces the data entry errors , and prevents the ro gram from crashing if inalienable data is input

What are the types of validation?

Presence check Format check Range check Look up table Length check

What is authentication?

Checking the identity of a user

What is a syntax error?

When the compiler/interpreter doesn’t understand something , because it doesn’t follow the rules or grammar of the programming language

What is a logic error

When the compiler/ interpreters are able to run the code, but the code does something unexpected

What are the types of data ?

Normal Erroneous Boundary/ extreme: Boundary valid & boundary invalid

What are some benefits of the structured approach ?

what are some benefits of arrays